The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT- cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-,,-triol (). induced ALP activities of MCT- cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT- cells by , ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,,-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT- cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, , and did not induce MCT- cell ALP activity at 0.—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C- of and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT- cells. Furthermore, suppressed induction of MCT- cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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The modulns of longitudinal elasticity and their temperature dependence in commercial aluminum cast alloys were measured in the temperature range from room temperature (20°C) to 250°C by the resonant frequency method. The results obtained are as follows:
The modulus of longitudinal elasticity tended to decrease weakly and linearly (the tangent of its decrease, m = (-2.4--.) × 10²kg/cm²/°C) with the rise of temperature. Within the range of the experiments, aluminum cast alloys were divided into groups, the lst group materials having large moduli of elasticity at room temperature (i. ., = (.15-.25) × 10⁵kg/cm²) were 2A-T, A-, 4A-, 4A-T4, 4-, 4-T4, A-, A-T4, etc., the 2nd group materials having intermediate moduli (i. ., = (.-.98) × 10⁵kg/cm²) were 4C-, 4C-T, 4C-T, 4D-, 4D-T, A-, etc. and the rd group materials showing considerably smaller moduli (i. ., = (.58-.65) × 10⁵kg/cm²) were A-, A-T, 2A-, etc. However, there were some differences between the moduli in this experiments and the moduli in the other data books, and these were considered due to the difference of the measurement principles and of hypotheses or assumptions involved in these principles, so it is suggested that the moduli of elasticity should be reported with indication of the measuring method.

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The Tsukuba Challenge is a competition, in which autonomous mobile robots run on a route set on a public road under a real environment. Their task includes not only simple running but also finding multiple specific persons at the same time. This study proposes a method that would realize person searching. While many person-searching algorithms use a laser sensor and a camera in combination, our method only uses an omnidirectional camera. The search target is detected using a convolutional neural network (CNN) that performs a classification of the search target. Training a CNN requires a great amount of data for which pseudo images created by composition are used. Our method is implemented in an autonomous mobile robot, and its performance has been verified in the Tsukuba Challenge 2017.

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背景と目的：ステロイド性骨粗鬆症は，積極的な治療介入が必要とされる．その第一選択薬はビスホスホネート製剤（以下ビス）であるが，近年，デノスマブ（以下デノス）も注目を浴びている．ステロイド性骨粗鬆症の骨密度に対する両者の効果を比較検討した．

方法：ステロイド性骨粗鬆症の管理と治療ガイドライン：2014年改訂版の薬物療法開始の基準を満たした患者を対象とした．無治療群（N群）と，治療介入群として当初よりビスで治療したBB群，ビス後デノスに変更したBD群，デノスで治療したDD群，デノス後ビスに変更したDB群を抽出し，ステロイド投与を開始した時，ステロイド性骨粗鬆症に対する治療を開始した時または薬剤変更から

カ月後の腰椎，大腿骨頚部と大転子部の骨密度を測定し，それらの変化を統計学的に比較検討した．

結果：149例が抽出され，その内訳は，N群48例，BB群24例，BD群

例，DD群21例，DB群34例であった．治療開始時または薬剤変更からカ月後にBD群を除くすべての治療介入群で腰椎の骨密度が上昇した．大腿骨の骨密度は，BD群において薬剤変更後に上昇に転じた．

考察：デノスにはビスと同様の骨密度上昇効果があると考えられた．

結論：デノスは，ステロイド性骨粗鬆症治療の第一選択薬となり得る．

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Alfven resonance effects on the evolution of a magnetic island driven by an externally applied perturbation are investigated for rotating plasmas. The simulation results show the importance of Alfven resonance for obtaining a perturbed current profile and estimating a critical value of the external perturbation, beyond which the magnetic island grows rapidly. The nonlinear evolution of the externally driven magnetic island is also investigated at low and high viscosities ν. It is shown that the transition phase accompanying the secondary reconnection at the initial X-point in the driven magnetic island evolution occurs in low resistivity and viscosity plasmas.

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The behavior of the soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading is different from that subjected to sustained loading. The difference in settlement between these two loading patterns should be due to secondary compression over a long period of time. Consequently, soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading tend to be more compressible than those subjected to sustained loading. Therefore, it is necessary for engineers to predict post-construction settlements under repeated loading. In this respect, the preloading is considered to be promising as a countermeasure to reduce the settlement of clay under repeated loading as well as under sustained loading. The effect of preloading on post-construction consolidation settlement of soft clay subjected to repeated loading after removal of a part of preload is investigated in the present paper. It has become clear that the settlement of a clay sample after preconsolidation is mainly affected by the amount of preload, the degree of consolidation due to the preload, the amount of permanent load and the amount of repeated load after removal of preload. The calculated settlement versus time relations using a method to estimate the amount of consolidation settlement of soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading after removal of preloading were compared with the observed degree of consolidation as parameters of the intensities of preload and repeated load.

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[] The purpose of this reserch is to make clear what type of design can give good effects to win the high readership score. At the begining I had to know what factors decide the readership score, and how to change the quality of the desing into numerical value. I have used the method of multi-dimentional analysis with the help of a computer, and got the estimation formula, with kinds of factors, as follows ; A^^〜=+C+D+K++bF+cG. A^^〜=estimated values of the readership score. ) , C, D, K : these four factors are given as category values (so we call them); each factor is classified into several categories. =week day, classified into categories. C=pages of a newspaper, which are characterized by the kinds of articles, news, and the other reading matters, classified into categories. D=kinds of goods and trades of the advertizement, classified into 14 catedories. K=constants, given to each 13 surveys. 2) , , G : these factors are given as numerical values. G=area of advertizement, measured by the unit of column in the whole page length, being classified into kinds of area (2., ., , , 10, 15) and 15 column means a whole page, about 2,000cm^2. , are the marks obtained in the design of advertizements. =sum of the marks obtained in each design element on the advertizement. =the marks obtained on the whole effect of the design. ) a, , c : coefficients Using the above formula with the category values and the coefficients, we can obtain the naked design effect from the actual value A of readership score: +bF=A-(+C+D+K+cG). In this research, I used ,829 data of readership score from 1960 to 1968, being obtained by 13 survevs, spring and autumn twice a year. The sample of size each survey was ,541, 2,251, or 200 in the other 11 surveys. Multiple correlation coefficient between the estimated value A^^〜 and the actual value A is 0.951. The table 2^* shows the contribution indexes of each factor by kinds of expression-() Range : the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum category values, (2) Standard deviations of the category values, () Partial correlation coefficient : the relationship between the actual values A and each factors. *see the table 2 in the thesis in Japanese. [2] The important point was in the determination of the values of , . is the sum of the marks obtained in each design element, classified into four kinds : =_+_2+_+_4. design elements [table] _, _2, _, _4, these values have the grades, as 0, , 2, , 4 and 0 is given to the design that has no attractive effect or no applicable element. And obtain the marks of 0 to 9 grades as the sum of them. The values of have also grades, 0 to 4. The principles to determine the values of , are as follows : a) The marks obtained of , must be the relative values among the each survey, and at the same time, they must have constancy within the same survey-the same elements of design must win the same marks obtained. ) They must be determined as to win the highest multiple correlation coefficient, when they are put into the estimation formula. c) They must be reasonable. In order to justify them, we must carry many researches on the actual condition. The frequency of accurence of each grade of , values, as the table -4, and - in the thesis in Japanese.

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An empirical equation in use for estimating the pseudo-elastic shear modulus, G_f, of subsoil, associated with shear strains less than 0.001% is proposed in this paper. In a series of in-situ seismic cone tests performed nationwide, the profiles of both G_f and the in-situ void ratio, , with depth were successfully characterised at five sites, each comprising a soft clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. The database which comprised the original data from the field and laboratory tests, coupled with similar information on well-documented Holocene clay deposits in Europe, was statistically analyzed in attempts to determine a generalised relationship with which G_f of soft clay may be reasonably estimated only from routinely available borehole data; that is and the current geostatic effective overburden pressure, σ'_v. An empirical relationship, G_f=, 000 -√(σ'_v) (kPa), was derived from the statistical analysis applied to data from seven different clays worldwide, for which extended over a range between and , and the overconsolidation ratio ranged roughly between and 2. The applicability of the proposed relationship was evaluated for two case records, each in which the clay exhibited unusual behavior; i.., the undrained shear strength remained more or less constant with depth due to the existence of artesian pressure at one site, and, at the other, G_f decreased, whereas increased, with depth. It was demonstrated that even in these clay deposits exhibiting exceptional profiles, the proposed relationship was capable of predicting G_f with a reasonable accuracy by determining the profiles of and σ'_v with depth. In addition, the prediction when compared to G_max from carefully performed laboratory cyclic tests, yielded a better estimate of G_f from the in-situ seismic survey. Despite the fact that the empirical relationship was initially designated to estimate G_f of soft clays, it may be equally applicable to sandy deposits. This was verified by comparing it to similar, and well-established, relationships developed for sands. A case record as such is also described for a loose sand deposit at Higashi-Ohgishima in Tokyo Bay which was placed in 1960's by land reclamation.

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It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that F_s= and ∂F_s/∂θ=O, where F_s is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : () Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and () All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.

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The saponin fraction from the seeds of the tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. KUNTZE (Theaceae)] was found to exhibit potent protective effects on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Five new triterpene saponins, theasaponins (), (2), (), (4), and (), were isolated together with 11 known saponins from the saponin fraction. The chemical structures of — were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among the isolated saponins, theasaponins (), (), and () and assamsaponin C (10) showed an inhibitory effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions at a dose of .0 mg/kg, p.o. and their activities were stronger than that of omeplazole. With regard to the structure–activity relationships of theasaponins, the following structural requirements for a protective effect on ethanol-induced gastric lesions were suggested; ) the 21- and/or -acyl groups are essential for the activity, 2) acetylation of the 16-hydroxyl group reduce the activity.

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Static characteristics of two different structured InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SLAPDs) cooled by liquid nitrogen were evaluated at a wavelength of . μm. The dark current of the SLAPD having a thick superlattice layer of 0.504 μm was ×10^-13 A. This was successively reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the thin layer SLAPD of 0.231 μm at a breakdown voltage of around 20 V. The thickened layer was effective in suppressing tunneling dark current. An output current of .×10^-12 A at a bias voltage of 15 V was measured for an optical input with a wavelength of . μm and a signal power of ×10^-12 W. This showed a sharp distinction from the dark current.

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