The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1-2 mixing ratio δ, and the 0-2 mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=1.52−

0.22

+0.26, and μ_k≤6.1×10⁻⁴ respectively. The

E

2 branching ratio

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0_g⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→2₁⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:1.0:

5

.

86

.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,,6β-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3, and 6 did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C-6 of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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The effects of the pressure of ambient gas and sample temperature on photo-acoustic displacement (PAD) were studied quantitatively using an extremely sensitive laser interferometric probe. For silicon, the PAD signal measured at atmospheric pressure increased by about 18% as compared to that obtained in a vacuum, and varied by less than 0.% for a change in pressure of % around 1 atm. This effect was attributed to the decrease in refractive index of the gas adjacent to the sample. Temperature rise caused PAD to increase proportionally, and for GaAs, PAD varied 0.4% per degree. The variation of PAD with temperature was accurately explained by the temperature dependence of thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of the sample.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb¹⁵² activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586. keV +→2₁⁺ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M1-2 mixing ratio, δ², and the dimensionless ratio X of 0-2 mixing of the 586. keV transition are obtained to be δ²≤0.16 and 0.034≤X≤0.038, respectively. The 2 branching ratio (2; +→0_g⁺): (2; +→2₁⁺): (2; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.023 : 1.0 : .6.

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The nucleotide (nt) sequence of a Hepatitis C virus genome (HCV-N) which was derived from a single Japanese patient's serum in Nagasaki Prefecture has been determined by multiple clones coverning overlapping regions of the HCV geneme. The sequenced region consisted of 9295 nt, including 248 nt of '-untranslated region (UTR), a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein of 3010 amino acids () and a 17 nt of 3'-UTR. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HCV-N belongs to II/1 genotype of group 1. Two other Nagasaki HCV strains (HCV-N1 and HCV-N2) were also sequenced in the 1 and N-terminus of the 2/NS1 regions. Two hypervariable regions (HVR 1 and HVR 2) were found in the N-terminus of 2/NS1 region among 3 Nagasaki strains and other HCV strains with published sequences. Two well-conserved sequences were also identified among 10 HCV strains in the El and N-terminus of the 2/NS1 regions. The results will be useful for future understanding on the pathogenesis, virological diagnosis and development of vaccine for HCV.

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動脈硬化性疾患予防ガイドラインでは糖尿病を含む高リスクの脂質異常症患者に対するイコサペント酸（EPA）の投与は妥当とされており，血中のEPA/アラキドン酸（）比が高い群で冠動脈イベントの発生率が低いと報告されている．一方血中のマロンジアルデヒド修飾低比重リポ蛋白（MDA-LDL）は酸化LDLの一種で，糖尿病患者の冠動脈イベントを予測する有用なマーカーとされている．今回2型糖尿病患者60例を対象に血中のEPA/比とMDA-LDL値の関連について検討した．その結果，EPA/比が0.未満のA群（30例）で0.以上の群（30例）に比べて血清MDA-LDL値は有意に高かった（± U/l vs 73±20 U/l）．またA群の12例に高純度EPA製剤1,800mg/日を3カ月間投与した結果，EPA/比は0.35±0.08から1.20±0.53に上昇し，血清MDA-LDL値は±27 U/lから70±23 U/lに有意に低下した．以上の結果から，EPA/比が低い糖尿病患者では酸化ストレスが亢進した状態にあり，EPAの投与によりその状態が軽減される可能性が示唆された．

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Alfven resonance effects on the evolution of a magnetic island driven by an externally applied perturbation are investigated for rotating plasmas. The simulation results show the importance of Alfven resonance for obtaining a perturbed current profile and estimating a critical value of the external perturbation, beyond which the magnetic island grows rapidly. The nonlinear evolution of the externally driven magnetic island is also investigated at low and high viscosities ν. It is shown that the transition phase accompanying the secondary reconnection at the initial X-point in the driven magnetic island evolution occurs in low resistivity and viscosity plasmas.

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背景と目的：ステロイド性骨粗鬆症は，積極的な治療介入が必要とされる．その第一選択薬はビスホスホネート製剤（以下ビス）であるが，近年，デノスマブ（以下デノス）も注目を浴びている．ステロイド性骨粗鬆症の骨密度に対する両者の効果を比較検討した．

方法：ステロイド性骨粗鬆症の管理と治療ガイドライン：2014年改訂版の薬物療法開始の基準を満たした患者を対象とした．無治療群（N群）と，治療介入群として当初よりビスで治療したBB群，ビス後デノスに変更したBD群，デノスで治療したDD群，デノス後ビスに変更したDB群を抽出し，ステロイド投与を開始した時，ステロイド性骨粗鬆症に対する治療を開始した時または薬剤変更から6カ月後の腰椎，大腿骨頚部と大転子部の骨密度を測定し，それらの変化を統計学的に比較検討した．

結果：149例が抽出され，その内訳は，N群48例，BB群24例，BD群

例，DD群21例，DB群34例であった．治療開始時または薬剤変更から6カ月後にBD群を除くすべての治療介入群で腰椎の骨密度が上昇した．大腿骨の骨密度は，BD群において薬剤変更後に上昇に転じた．

考察：デノスにはビスと同様の骨密度上昇効果があると考えられた．

結論：デノスは，ステロイド性骨粗鬆症治療の第一選択薬となり得る．

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The majority of patients with hepatic cirrhosis in Japan do not have a history of acute hepatitis or alcoholism. Twenty-nine patients with hepatic cirrhosis which were thought as random samples from cirrhotic patients without a history of acute hepatitis or alcoholism were Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) typed. Association of HLA- and -BW-J with hepatic cirrhosis of apparently unknown etiology was found in p<0.003, and p<0.01, respectively (128 controls). A predisposition linked to HLA- or -13W-J related gene or genes seems to play a role in the development of hepatic cirrhosis, at least in a substantial part of patients with hepatic cirrhosis of apparently unknown etiology in Japan.

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