A monoclonal antibody, 6 established from mice injected with dolphin peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was characterized. In addition to its reactivity against .% of dolphin PBLs, 6 reacted with 33.1% of bovine PBLs of which % were CD ⁺, 11.1% were -. 6 recognized a 34 kD protein on the surface of dolphin and bovine PBLs. Analysis of the protein's N-terminal amino acid sequence indicated that 6 recognizes bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens. These results suggested that 6 recognized MHC class II antigens on bovine PBLs. As we have already produced an anti-dolphin MHC class I monoclonal antibody, analysis of immune system using these monoclonal antibodies will advance our understanding of the evolution of the mammalian immune system.

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In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

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From the black coral Antipathies dichotoma, a sphingolipid (2S*,3S*,,)-2N-[tetradecanoyl]-(),()-icosadiene-1,3-diol (1) and a steroid ()-methylcholesta-,-diene-1α,3β,7α-triol (2) were isolated. Other known compounds, 3β,7α-dihydroxy-cholest--ene (3), (,24S),,-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6,-dien-3β-ol () and (,24S),,-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6,(11),-trien-3β-ol (). The structures were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature. The antibacterial activity of five compounds was evaluated.

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Eight new sterols, , -epidioxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-6, -dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, , -trihydroxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-7, -dien-6-one (2), 3β, , -trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost-7-en-6-one (3), 3β, , , 14α-tetrahydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-7, -dien-6-one (), (, 24R)-ergosta-7, -diene-3β, , 6α, -tetrol (), , -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-7, -dien-6-one (6), , -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost-7-en-6-one (7) and , 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, 7β, 14α-triol (), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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Six new sterols, , 6α;, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, 7α-diol (1), , 6α;, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, 7β-diol (2), , 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, 7β-diol (3), (, 24R)-23-methylergosta-7, -diene-3β, , 6β-triol (), (, 24R)-23-methulergosta-7, -diene-3β, , 6β, -tetrol () and (24S)-ergost-7-ene-3β, , 6β, -tetrol (6), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (7-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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性周期における牛の末梢血中遊離estrogen測定にITTRICH螢光法を応用して次の成績を得た。
Ittrich colorの最大波長をspectrofluorometer Hitachi MPF-2AおよびType203で測定した結果,励起光538nm,螢光552.nmであった。この螢光特性は, およびにそれぞれ共通であった。実際の測定では最大波長が接近しているので感度は若干低下するが510~520nmで励起し•螢光側552•±•を読み,ALLENの補正を行なった。この条件において,および-methyletherの最少検出量は1ngであった。回収率補正の目的で加えた6,7-³H--17βの全過程における回収率は平均60.3±11.7%であった。正常性周期を示す黒毛和種2頭の頸静脈血についてestrogenを分画測定した。その結果,両牛共,の各消長型は性周期の全期間を通じてほぼ同じ傾向を示したが,はにくらべ全般に高値であった。または検出されなかった。これらの牛のtotalestrogenは発情前期に増加し,排卵前に鋭いピーク(35.3および/l;および16.0ng/l,および/l)を形成し,排卵後は急激に減少して最低値(3.~/l;および/l,および/l)を示した。黄体期の最高値(10.1および27.0ng/l;および/l,および23.6ng/l)は排卵後6~日に認めた。すなわちestrogenの血中濃度は性周期の間に2つのピークを形成することを認めた。

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Chemical properties of ergosta-, 6, (14), -tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give 6α, -epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-, 7, -trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to 6α, 7α;, -diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-, -dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy--hydroxyergosta-, 7, -triene-3, 6-dione () under these reaction conditions.

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We purified a sterol with antitumor activity from the edible mushroom Sarcodon aspratus (BERK.) S. ITO and identified it as ,-epidioxy--ergosta-6,(11),-trien-3β-ol (,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide ((11)-DHEP)). Purified (11)-DHEP was a more effective inhibitor of HL60 leukemia cell growth and stronger apoptosis-inducer than ,-epidioxy--ergosta-6,-dien-3β-ol (ergosterol peroxide (EP)) that we had previously identified as an apoptosis inducer. Moreover, (11)-DHEP selectively suppressed the growth of HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells but not WI38 normal human fibroblasts. After d incubation of HT29 with 7 μM (11)-DHEP, the number of S phase cells decreased from 23 to 15% of total diploid cells and 17% became hypodiploid. Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, WAF1, Cip1) (CDKN1A), which has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT29 cells, was induced by (11)-DHEP. These results suggest that (11)-DHEP inhibits HT29 cell growth by inducing CDKN1A expression, thus causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

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Four new sterols, , 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-(14), -diene-3β, 7β-diol (1), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, , 6β, 7α-tetrol (2), (, 24R)-ergosta-7, (11), -triene-3β, , 6β-triol (3) and 3β, , 6β-trihydroxy-(, 24R)-ergost--en-7-one (), have been isolated from the fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa (FR.) S. F. GRAY (Polyporaceae)together with fourteen known ones (-18), of which two ( and 6) are reported for the first time from a natural source. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-7,-diene-3β,,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,,6β-triol (), 7-dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.-fold by 10 μM . However, 2, 3, and 6 did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C-6 of 1 and played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Between April 1, 1987 and August 7, 1997, a total of 128 abutment teeth associated with 34 telescope removable partial dentures in 28 patients ( females and 6males) who had a mean age of 57.±.3 years was observed. The survival time (with extraction being the endpoint) for each abutment tooth was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Significance levels were determined using prognostic factors for statistical tests, i. ., the generalized Wilcoxon, the Cox-Mantel, the Logrank, and the Mantel-Haenszel tests. Furthermore, survival estimates and relative risks were calculated by Cox hazard regression.
The results conclusively indicated a higher survival for vital as compared to endodontically-treated teeth. The relative risk of an abutment tooth adjacent to a free-end saddle was .81. The risk increased by 2.79 for each group from molar to cuspid, to premolar, and to incisor. The survival estimate was .% at -10 years after placement of the denture.

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Clinical and histopathological examinations were carried out on 133 basal cell epitheliomas (BCEs) from 23 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) . A total of 69 BCEs occurred in 10 patients with XP-A (age at first excision: 6-y, average: 11.y) ; 34 in XP-variant (-47y, 30.y) ; 16 in 1 XP-; in 2 XP-F; in 1 XP-D; and 1 in 1 XP-C. Of the 133 BCEs, 131 (%) developed on sun-exposed areas. Clinically, most cases presented as a small, black, glossy nodule. Histopathologically, the solid type of BCE was most common (94%) . The age of onset of skin cancer is characteristically earlier in patients with XP. Although the mean age at first excision was 24 years among the 23 XP patients in this study, it differed considerably from one XP group to another. Ninety seven percent of the BCEs developed on the face in the patients with XP. This high incidence in comparison with 70% in patients without XP suggests that sunlight plays a significant role in the development of skin cancers in XP.

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This paper reports the total lipid content, lipid class composition, and fatty acid composition of the krill Euphausia pacifica collected in the northwestern Pacific Ocean near Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. The krill were caught in spring, summer, and winter in three consecutive years, 2000-2002. Lipid content of the

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. pacifica samples was ranged from .1 to 11.6% on the basis of dry weight. Major lipid classes determined for the samples of 2002 were triacylglycerols (TAG) (3.-27.3%), free fatty acids (FFA) (6.-.2%), sterols (.-12.%), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) (3.-17.%), and phosphatidylcholines (PC) (36.2-53.%). All of the samples subjected to fatty acid analysis were high in 16:0 (19.0-24.% of total fatty acids), 18:1n- (7.-10.0%), 18:1n-7 (6.3-.1%), 20:n-3 (IPA) (15.3-24.7%), and :6n-3 (DHA) (.-20.7%). The lipids of

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. pacifica were found to be generally rich in PC and in IPA and DHA. Lipid content and proportion of TAG were higher in the spring samples than in the summer samples. The summer samples were higher in the concentration of DHA in total fatty acids.

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