The performance of single pitch and multi pitch screw anchors during the application of installation torque is presented. An experimental testing program was conducted using five models of screw anchors with different geometry. The effect of the shape of the screw element, sand properties, and installation depth on the required installation torque value was examined. A theoretical model was developed from which the required installation torque value can be calculated in terms of the influencing factors. The required installation torque can be determined in terms of the ultimate uplift resistance calculated from any of the available theories. Based on the actual installation torque value measured in the field, the anticipated pullout capacity can be back calculated from the present theory. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement. Also, good agreement was observed when the present theoretical results were compared with the available field results reported in the literature.

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Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS 7th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a 7th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, rd-order distortion, and rd-order input intercept point (IIP) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.dBm, respectively, all with a ±.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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Virus-like particles (VLPs) were collected from geothermal vent water samples in the drift-way at Toyoha Mine, Hokkaido, Japan (−500 m level, 63.°) whose VLP and bacterial abundance was (No/ml±SD, n: 500), VLP: .60±.29×10⁸ and bacteria: .61±.14×10⁶. VLPs ranged in diameter from 30 to 320 nm, and the major size distribution (ca 62%) was .33. nm (n: 843). Ultrafiltration followed by CsCl density equilibrium ultracentrifugation gave purified TY-VLPs: 6.64×10¹³. Regardless of UV treatment, TY-VLP reduced the efficiency of plating to 68.6-.% at a multiplicity of infection of ca . on Escherichia coli 1157. Generalised transduction was observed on

E

. coli 1157 with a frequency between 10-

4

and 10-

5

cells/particle using TY-VLPs without UV-treatment. The growth of generated

E

. coli transductants (TY-

E

-trans) was compared to that of an

E

. coli transductant (ST-

E

-trans) generated by Aquificales originating VLP (Chiura, 2002). The extent of the maximum growth of both transductants was ca 40% of the parental

E

. coli used as a recipient. TY-

E

-trans acquired "budding-like" particle productivity, which has been demonstrated for ST-

E

-trans. ST-

E

-trans produced five different size particles, whose DNA content ranged between 291.6 and 382.

0

kb, and TY-

E

-trans produced ten different size particles between 68.

5

and 190.2 kb, respectively.

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It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that F_s=1 and ∂F_s/∂θ=O, where F_s is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : (1) Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and () All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.

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Background

The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

Methods

Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G1;2;

;) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH 1.2 (1.2±.05) to pH 7. (7.±.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH 7 exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is minutes, i.. the active substance should not be released within minutes at pH 7. The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH (.±.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH 7 with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

Results

Omeprazole concentrations after

, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH 7 solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were ,7±,7%; 41,±,%; 62,±,%; 79,±2,%; ,±2,%; 81,6±2,%; 80,6±,%; for Generic1 - ; 49,±,%; 88, ±2,%; 90,±,7%; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,±2,%; 85,±1,1%; for Generic2 - ; 30,6±6,%; 66,7±,2%; 76,±7,%; ,±,%; 86,±,7%; 84,6±,%: for Generic - 80,±,6%; ,±1,%; , ±,2%; ,±2,7%; 81,±2,1%; ,1±2,%; ,±2,%; for Generic - ,±1,7%; 84,±,%; 84,2±1,2%; , ±,%; ,±,%; ,±,%; ,±1,1%, respectively.

An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH 7 solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO -

,±,6%; 40, ±,%; 62,±2,%; 80,±,1%; 85,±2,%; ,±,%; 80,±,%; for Generic1 - ; 67,±7,%; 89,7±2,%; 91, ±,%; 89,1±1,6%; 88,±1,%; 87,±1,2%; for Generic2 - ; 42,2±,6%; 75,1±7,%; 81,±6,%; 88,±,2%; 88, 6±1,%; 87,±1,%; for Generic - 85,±,%; 85,6±,%; 84,7±,%; ,7±,%; 84,±,%; 84,±,%; 84,±,%, respectively. Generic release and degradation were completely realized at pH .

Conclusion

Decreased gastric stability of Generic

and Generic makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

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The association between apolipoprotein (Apo-) polymorphism and the response of plasma cholesterol to dietary therapy (cholesterol intake of less than 300mg/day) was investigated for about weeks in 208 nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia patients (/ 161, / 47). The baseline lipoprotein concentration and the intake of energy and lipids were not significantly different between subjects with / and those with / phenotypes. After the dietary therapy plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in both phenotype groups (p<.05). The patients with / had significantly smaller reductions of LDL- than the patients with /. The changes of LDL- showed a significant difference between the patients with / and / by the Kruskal Wallis test (p=.041). The presence of / predicted the degree of cholesterol reduction following dietary therapy.

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1. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
2. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
a) Musa-Ensete, ) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and ) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
. Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
. Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
6. It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
a) the difference in floral morphology
) geographical separateness and
) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
7. The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.

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The leaning tower of Pisa is a famous historical structure, especially in the field of soil mechanics. In this paper, the historical development of the inclination is reconstructed considering that a ground failure took place after each of the three construction phases. Model tests (scale 1 : 130) were carried out in order to predict that the tower will fail definitely, i.. without any further disturbances, at an angle of inclination of .7°, which is dramatically close to the actual value of .°. The estimated probability of failure rises very quickly with an increase in the angle of inclination. Conservation of the tower should be done therefore with utmost caution.

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（はじめに）血清クレアチニン（Ｃｒe）は性・年齢による影響をうけるため正確に 腎機能を反映しないとされる。このため日本腎臓病学会から腎機能の評価に―ＧＦＲを用いることが提唱されている。そこで、今回、本院のドック・健診受診者の腎機能を－ＧＦＲで評価し、その有用性について検討したので報告する。 （対象・方法）対象は平成２１年月～７月までの受診者、男２１９名、女３５０名（計５６９名）である。改訂ＭＤＲＤ簡易式により血清Ｃｒｅから－ＧＦＲを算出し、性・年代別に集計し、有用性を評価した。 （結果）男性のＣｒｅ平均値は.±.11、女性は.58±.08（基準値：男.～1.・女.2～.）であった。男性の年代別の－ＧＦＲ平均値は、２０代.1±15.、３０代94.±10.、４０代.±.1、５０代.1±12.、６０代76.±13.2、７０代↑75.±12.。女性の２０代104.±18.、３０代96.±15.6、４０代87.1±13.、５０代.±11.、６０代80.±15.1、７０代↑74.±17.であった。日本腎臓病学会のＣＫＤステージ分類ではステージ_II_（－ＧＦＲ60～89）をＧＦＲ軽度低下としている。－ＧＦＲの結果からするとステージ_II_は、男性１３１名（59.％）、女性１６４名（46.％）。ステージ_III_は男性１６名（7.％）、女性１４名（.％）であった。 （まとめ）腎機能の指標として－ＧＦＲは血清クレアチニンよりは鋭敏とみなされるが女性高齢者では体表面積で補正した－ＧＦＲで評価すべきと考えられた。　　

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Results of model loading tests on dense sand were reviewed to assess the variation in bearing capacity factors N_γ and N_q relative to the width of the foundation base. Consequently, it is confirmed that N_γ decreases non-linearly with increase in the width of foundation base and that N_q decreases more sharply than N_γ does as the width increase. It is also found that N_q decreases as the ratio of burried depth to the width increase. The cause of decrease in N_γ or N_q with increase in the width is regarded to be the rise of stress level which induces lowering of the angle of internal friction φ and volume reduction in the bearing sand by compression.

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