11-Amino-, a, 7, , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (a-) and -oxepines (7a-) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of , a, 7, , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (1a, )and -oxepines (2a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a- and a-, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) a and 7a, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) and 7, trans(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H) and 7, and trans(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) and 7, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, , a, 7, , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (4a and 4) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4 were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated 4a and 4 (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), 4a (trans) and 4 (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA2 programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.

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Stereoselective synthesis of the 4, -syn, , -anti adducts (14 and 16) on the aldol condensation of the Z (O)-lithium enolate, derived from the -enone (2), to α-alkoxy aldehydes (12 and 13) was proved via the successive intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction.

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A sample of [³H] tobrarnycin (, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
tiirough of the messenger RNA.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A₃(CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 7 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，: 両端に有する，: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～ 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．

C

. medica では 2 + + ，

C

. limon では 1 + 1 + + ，

C

. aurantifolia では 2 + + 7，

C

. aurantium では 1A + 1 + 1 + 7 + ，

C

. sinensis では 2+ 2 + 7 + 7，

C

. maxima では 3A + 3 + 4 + ，

C

. paradisi では 2A + 3 + + 7，

C

. ichangensis では 2 + 2 + 12 + 2，

C

. latipes では 2A + + + 3，

C

. micrantha では 1 + 11 + 4 + 2Dst，

C

. macroptera では 2 + 1 + 11 + 3 + 1，

C

. hystrix では 3 + 1 + + 3 + 2 + 1Dst であった．

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The Beckmann rearrangement of aliphatic ketone oximes, R(CHs)=NOH (R=Et (1); n-Pr (2); iso-Pr (3); iso-Bu (4)), with polyphosphoric acid (PPA), polyphosphate ester (PPE), and ester of phosphoric acid (2 P- R) was carried out and migratory ratios ((a)/() in eq. (1)) were determined, The results are shown in Fig.1, 2, and 3, respectively.
In Fig.1 and 2, the migratory ratios decrease with reaction time and nearly approach to the ratios of anti-alkyl form/syn-alkylform in benzene(A1) or DMSO(A2)except for (3) (See Table 1). From this fact, it has been found that PPA and PPE are inactive for isomerization of the oximes andanti-alkyl oximes rearrange faster than syn-alkyl ones. ln the case of (3), migratery ratios are smaller than Ai or A2. As acetonitrile is detected by GLC, it is presumed that fission has been occurred simultaneously with rearrangement in anti-alkyl oxime (eq. (3)). In the case of 2 P- R, all modes of the reaction arethe same as in above, except that the rate of fission is tnuch faster than that in PPA and PPE.
The reaction of anti-alkyl ketone oximes having a bulky grouphas been greatly influenced by the use of sterically demanding catalysts such asPPA, PPE, and 2 P- R.

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Low molecular weight glutenin subunits are important components of wheat storage proteins, which play an important role in determining end-use quality of common wheat. A newly established matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) procedure was used to analyze 478 landraces of bread wheat collected from the Yangtze-River region in China. Results indicated that 17 alleles at three loci: Glu-A3, Glu-

and Glu- were identified, resulting in 87 different allele combinations. Of the 17 alleles detected at all the Glu-3 loci, five belonged to Glu-A3, seven to Glu- and five to Glu- locus. MALDI-TOF-MS indicated Glu-A3a/ was present in 72.%, Glu- in .4%, Glu- in .4%, Glu- in .2% and Glu- in 3.% lines. Seven types of alleles were identified at the Glu- locus: Glu-

B

3

d

/i (25.%), Glu- (21.3%), Glu- (16.%), Glu- (13.%), Glu- (.4%), Glu- (.2%), and Glu- (.2%). Five types of Glu- alleles were detected: Glu- (58.4%), Glu- (.%), Glu- (15.%), Glu- (3.3%) and Glu- (0.2%). Four new alleles that showed abnormal MALDI-TOF spectrum patterns were identified at the Glu-A3 and Glu- loci. A detailed study is needed to further characterize these alleles and their potential usage for wheat improvement.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%),

D₁

(

9

.

5

%), A₀ (7.4%),

B2₂

(

5

.3%) and

B2₃

(4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(

6

’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.

5

and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,

f17a

-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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 The stability of

‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) and ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) in -liquid during storage was investigated. ‒THC‒OAc liquids in cartridges were stored at 80℃ or 30℃ for 28 days. The relative concentrations of cannabinoids in the liquids were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. ‒THC‒OAc decreased during storage at either temperature. ‒THC, a minor impurity, also decreased. ‒THC‒OAc liquid in a cartridge was stored at 80℃ for 57 days. The concentration of ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC, a minor impurity, did not change during that time. Cannabinol acetate increased in all liquids, and unknown products were also detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC‒OAc liquids were subjected to GC/MS to detect representative diluents, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, but none of these were detected.

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We have reported the synthesis and properties of ,-disubstituted cyclohepta[] pyrimido[,4-]pyrrole-(),10()-diones (A) and its oxygen analogues (). In this context, we have accomplished an alternative synthesis of (A): ring-opening reaction of () with benzylamine to give troponimine, which recyclizes to give (A) under thermal conditions. Compound (A) exhibited a function to oxidize some amines to give carbonyl compounds under thermal or photo-irradiation conditions to in an autorecycling process. The results will be reported in detail.

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Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus G_max and the undrained shear strength c_u with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey G_f. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding G_max behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate c_u"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory K_o test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".

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Thirty-six patients (19 males, 17 females: atypical schizophrenia; 3, typical schizophrenia; , depression; 11, neurosis and other psychiatric disorders; ) were operated on according to orbitoventromedial undercutting by Hirose. In all cases, the Rorschach test was carried out and daily behaviors were studied. Thirty-one scales of the test were subjected to multivariate analysis whereas the behaviors were evaluated according to the following criteria, i.., A: recovered or symptom free, : markedly improved, : moderately improved, : slightly improved and : not improved. The following results were obtained.
1) The evaluation of behaviors is as follows. A: 12 cases, : , : , : , : none.
2) It was found that scores of +106% and R+106% scales were significantly higher after the operation than before; that correlation coefficients between the scores before and after the operation were considerably high.
3) Factor analysis followed by varimax rotation was carried out. Six factors were extracted, i.., (1) sensitivity to emotional stimuli, (2) ego-strength, (3) obsessional rigidity, (4) reaction time, () anxiety and tension and () empathy. It was revealed that 2 was high in atypical schizophrenia, depression and neurosis, and that 2 and were significantly different in terms of the factor scores among the four groups A, , and ; 2 was highest in A, and lowest in regardless of whether it was before or after the operation. showed high scores in both A and , and low in .
4) Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to the data of the Rorschach test before the operation, by classifying 36 subjects into the four groups A, , and . As a result, high rates of correct diagnosis were obtained, i.., 100% for A, 78% for , 56% for and 100% for . When the groups and were combined into one group (+) the highest percentage (100%) was seen in A, followed by (89%) and + group (87%). When the groups A and were combined into one group (A+), the percentages of correct diagnosis were 81% for A+, and 93% for +.
In conclusion, it can be said that scales of the Rorschach test have been proved to be valid for predicting mental and physical states after the orbito-ventromedial undercutting.

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The advantages and disadvantages of using a back analysis of slope failures to evaluate soil shear strength are discussed. A methodology is presented herein that allows the implied level of reliability associated with soil shear strength parameters back calculated from slope failures to be estimated. A reliability approach is also used to estimate the probability of failure for a given limit equilibrium slope stability method, design factor of safety, and combination of back calculated Mohr-Coulomb shear strength parameters, ' and φ'. The methodology is illustrated using 39 landslides in the Orinda Formation in the San Francisco Bay area. The impact of additional case histories in the same geologic setting, i.., a larger data set, on the required design factor of safety for a given probability of failure is also investigated.

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 We examined the stability of

-tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) and -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) in -liquid products. Eight samples were heated at 30℃ for 28 days and one of them was heated at 70℃ for 2, 4, , 10, and 15 days. Residual ratios of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ion detection and their degradation products were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Some samples were tested for solubility in hexane and were submitted to GC/MS analysis to detect propylene glycol and glycerol. After a 28-day incubation at 30℃, -THC-OAc was slightly decomposed (residual ratio: 84.–94.2%) but -THC-OAc was almost stable (residual ratio: 95.2–108.%). Heating at 70℃ decomposed not only -THC-OAc but also -THC-OAc. The decomposition proceeded rapidly in the initial 2 days then slowly until 15 days later. The degradation products, four putative one-oxygen-atom adducts and cannabinol, were detected but deacetylated products (-tetrahydrocannabinol and -tetrahydrocannabinol) were not detected. All the samples tested were completely dissolved in hexane differently from propylene glycol and glycerol. Propylene glycol and glycerol were not detected from the samples completely dissolved in hexane. This study indicated that deacetylation of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc did not proceed when the sample did not contain propylene glycol and glycerol.

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A chemical examination of Magnoliae Cortex produced in China (Magnolia officinalis REHD. et WIL S., Magnoliaceae) has led to the isolation of eighteen new lignans and related compounds [four monoterpenyl-lignans : piperitylmagnolol (3), dipiperitylmagnolol (4), piperitylhonokiol () and bornylmagnolol (); seven lignans : magnaldehydes (), (), magnolignans A(10), (11), (12), (13) and (14); three norlignans : magnatriol (16), magnaldehydes (17) and (18); and four dilignans : magnolignans (19), G(20), H(21) and I()], together with randainal (7), randaiol (15), sinapic aldehyde, syringaresinol, syringaresinol 4'-O-β--glucopyranoside and '-O-methylhonokiol. Their structures were determined by the chemical and spectral methods.

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