The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (4a and 4) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4 were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated 4a and 4 (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), 4a (trans) and 4 (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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11-Amino-, a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (a-d) and -oxepines (a-d) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (a, )and -oxepines (2a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a-d and a-d, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) a and a, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) and , trans(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H) and , and trans(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) d and d, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with

1H

-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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Nine isoquinoline alkaloids belonging to the protoberberine, proaporphine and bisbenzyl-isoquinoline series were isolated from Caryomene olivascens (Menispermaceae). Four compounds are new : (-)-2-norlimacine (4), (-)-caryolivine (), (+)-, 2-dehydro-2-norlimacusine () and N-formylstepharine (3). The last one is the first N-formyl derivative to be reported in the proaporphine group. Its biogenetic origin is discussed. Structures were established on the basis of 360 MHz (FT) nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and also by chemical correlation in the case of 3.

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Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -3dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, 3rd-order distortion, and 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.3dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a .2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A₃(CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，: 両端に有する，D: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する D 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～ 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．

C

. medica では 2 + D + ，

C

. limon では + + D + ，

C

. aurantifolia では 2 + D + ，

C

. aurantium では A + + + D + ，

C

. sinensis では 2+ 2 + D + ，

C

. maxima では 3A + 3 + 4D + ，

C

. paradisi では 2A + 3 + D + ，

C

. ichangensis では 2 + 2 + 12D + 2，

C

. latipes では 2A + + D + 3，

C

. micrantha では + 11D + 4 + 2Dst，

C

. macroptera では 2 + + 11D + 3 + ，

C

. hystrix では 3 + + D + 3 + 2 + Dst であった．

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Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA2 programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-

1

(15), blaOXA-

1

(

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group

A₁

(35.

8

%), followed by group D₂ (

22

.

1

%),

B

1

(15.

8

%),

D₁

(

9

.

5

%), A₀ (

7

.4%),

B2₂

(

5

.3%) and

B2₃

(4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(

6

’)-Ib-cr,

qnrS1

and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.

5

and

1

.

1

% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,

f17a

-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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Six new cembranoids sarcophytol P (3), R (4), S (), K (), (11), and T (13) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Sarcophytol P (3) was shown to be the 20-hydroxy derivative of the major component sarcophytol A (), and afforded the cyclization product in CHCl_3 at room temperature, in a same way as in . Sarcophytols R (4) and S () were correlated to , by conversion of its R,R and S,S epoxide derivatives. Sarcophytol K() was a 13, 14-dihydroxycembranoid having a ,3Z-diene moiety. The absolute configuration of and its Z,3- and Z,3Z-isomers sarcophytol (2) and J (10) were determined by circular dichroism study of their bis-p-dimethylaminobenzoate derivatives. Sarcophytols (11) and T (13) were - and ,3Z-isomers of . Compound 11 showed characteristic broadening of the ^H-NMR chemical shifts, due to the restricted conformational interconversion. Using the three cembranoids sarcophytols (11, ,3), N (15, Z,3Z) and T (13,,3Z), spontaneous autoxidation-cyclization, in CHCl_3,was examined, in order to compare the stereochemical course of the reaction with that of (Z,3), which affords trans-fused bicyclo[.3.0]tetradecene systems. The ,3Z-isomer 13 gave the same cyclization product 18, as in the reaction of , even though it is isomeric at -,3. The Z,3Z isomer 15 gave 19, in consequence of the reversed geometry at -3 of 15. The ,3-isomer (11) gave the bicyclic product , having an antipodal fusion as compared with 19. This was confirmed by PCC oxidation of 19 and , giving enantiomeric ketones 23 and 24 respectively. The (14)-epoxide 26 was shown to be the immediate precursor of , and acounted for the inversion of the geometry at - of the cyclization product. Compound 26 is isomeric with the epoxide 17 derived from . The epoxide 17 is the postulated precursor in the conversion of 13 to 18. It is noteworthy that the mode of antipodal fusion of the cyclopentane rings, in 18 and , was controlled by the chirality of the epoxy rings. The -14 hydroxyl group participates in the transannular cyclization, but was found not to be the requisite functional group for the reaction. Similar treatment of cembrene (30), the parent hydrocarbon of , also reacted in CHCl_3 giving the bicyclic product 32.

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A full account is given of the chemical behavior observed for , -dialkyladeninium salts (16). On treatment with boiling N aqueous NaOH for 60min, 16a, , d, (X=I), 16 (X=Br), and 16 (X=ClO₄) rearranged to isomeric , -dialkyladenines (21a-) in 50-91% yields. Treatment of the salts with 0.N aqueous Na₂CO₃ at room temperature for 30-90min or with Amberlite CG-400 (OH^-) in H₂O at room temperature gave the ring-opened derivatives a- (in the trans-formamide form) in 56-83% yields, and rate constants for the ring-opening reactions of 16a, , d-g (X=ClO₄) and 16 (X=Br) leading to a-g were determined in H₂O at pH . and ionic strength 0.50 at 25°. Cyclization of a with NaH in AcNMe₂ at room temperature or with boiling N aqueous NaOH produced 21a in % or 72% yield, respectively.In solution, the trans-formamides seemed to transform slowly into the cis-formamides 23, attaining equilibria. The existence of such an equilibrium in D₂O or Me₂SO- at 25° or in H₂O at pH . and ionic strength 0.50 at 25° was kinetically confirmed in the case of a, and the mechanism of the rearrangement of 16 to 21 through is discussed on the basis of the above kinetic results and Deslongchamps' theory of stereoelectronic control. On treatment with NaBH₄ in MeOH at room temperature, 16a (X=I) furnished the , -dihydro derivative 28 (% yield), which slowly decomposed in H₂O at 60° to give a in 49% yield.The , -dialkyladeninium salts (16) were found to be obtainable from N'-alkoxy--alkyl--formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamidines () through an alternative synthetic route : Alkylations of with alkyl halides in HCONMe₂ in the absence of base, followed by hydrogenolysis of the N'-alkoxy group and cyclizatio (or vice versa) produced 16 in acceptable yields. In order to interpret the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a, the 2-deuterated species 26 was also synthesized from 24 via 25 and 27.

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[] The purpose of this reserch is to make clear what type of design can give good effects to win the high readership score. At the begining I had to know what factors decide the readership score, and how to change the quality of the desing into numerical value. I have used the method of multi-dimentional analysis with the help of a computer, and got the estimation formula, with kinds of factors, as follows ; A^^〜=++D+K+aE+bF+cG. A^^〜=estimated values of the readership score. ) , , D, K : these four factors are given as category values (so we call them); each factor is classified into several categories. =week day, classified into categories. =pages of a newspaper, which are characterized by the kinds of articles, news, and the other reading matters, classified into categories. D=kinds of goods and trades of the advertizement, classified into 14 catedories. K=constants, given to each 13 surveys. 2) , , G : these factors are given as numerical values. G=area of advertizement, measured by the unit of column in the whole page length, being classified into kinds of area (2., 3., , , 10, 15) and 15 column means a whole page, about 2,000cm^2. , are the marks obtained in the design of advertizements. =sum of the marks obtained in each design element on the advertizement. =the marks obtained on the whole effect of the design. 3) a, , : coefficients Using the above formula with the category values and the coefficients, we can obtain the naked design effect from the actual value A of readership score: aE+bF=A-(++D+K+cG). In this research, I used ,829 data of readership score from 1960 to 1968, being obtained by 13 survevs, spring and autumn twice a year. The sample of size each survey was 3,541, 2,251, or 200 in the other 11 surveys. Multiple correlation coefficient between the estimated value A^^〜 and the actual value A is 0.951. The table 2^* shows the contribution indexes of each factor by 3 kinds of expression-() Range : the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum category values, (2) Standard deviations of the category values, (3) Partial correlation coefficient : the relationship between the actual values A and each factors. *see the table 2 in the thesis in Japanese. [2] The important point was in the determination of the values of , . is the sum of the marks obtained in each design element, classified into four kinds : =_+_2+_3+_4. design elements [table] _, _2, _3, _4, these values have the grades, as 0, , 2, 3, 4 and 0 is given to the design that has no attractive effect or no applicable element. And obtain the marks of 0 to grades as the sum of them. The values of have also grades, 0 to 4. The principles to determine the values of , are as follows : a) The marks obtained of , must be the relative values among the each survey, and at the same time, they must have constancy within the same survey-the same elements of design must win the same marks obtained. ) They must be determined as to win the highest multiple correlation coefficient, when they are put into the estimation formula. ) They must be reasonable. In order to justify them, we must carry many researches on the actual condition. The frequency of accurence of each grade of , values, as the table -4, and - in the thesis in Japanese.

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