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  • Grover Loening
    日本航空学会誌
    1963年 11 巻 119 号 373-380
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2009/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 小田切 孝人, 田代 眞人
    ウイルス
    2013年 63 巻 2 号 233-240
    発行日: 2013/12/25
    公開日: 2014/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
  • George W. Lee
    燃料協会誌
    1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
    発行日: 1973/03/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 佐藤 敬之輔
    デザイン学研究
    1970年 1970 巻 11 号 45-55
    発行日: 1970/03/30
    公開日: 2017/07/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    [1] The purpose of this reserch is to make clear what type of design can give good effects to win the high readership score. At the begining I had to know what factors decide the readership score, and how to change the quality of the desing into numerical value. I have used the method of multi-dimentional analysis with the help of a computer, and got the estimation formula, with
    7
    kinds of factors, as follows ; A^^〜=
    B
    +
    C
    +D+K+
    aE
    +bF+cG. A^^〜=estimated values of the readership score. 1)
    B
    ,
    C
    , D, K : these four factors are given as category values (so we call them); each factor is classified into several categories.
    B
    =week day, classified into
    7
    categories.
    C
    =pages of a newspaper, which are characterized by the kinds of articles, news, and the other reading matters, classified into
    22
    categories. D=kinds of goods and trades of the advertizement, classified into 14 catedories. K=constants, given to each 13 surveys.
    2
    )
    E
    ,
    F
    , G : these factors are given as numerical values. G=area of advertizement, measured by the unit of column in the whole page length, being classified into
    6
    kinds of area (
    2
    .
    5
    , 3.
    5
    ,
    5
    ,
    7
    , 10, 15) and 15 column means a whole page, about
    2
    ,000cm^
    2
    .
    E
    ,
    F
    are the marks obtained in the design of advertizements.
    E
    =sum of the marks obtained in each design element on the advertizement.
    F
    =the marks obtained on the whole effect of the design. 3) a,
    b
    ,
    c
    : coefficients Using the above formula with the category values and the coefficients, we can obtain the naked design effect from the actual value A of readership score:
    aE
    +bF=A-(
    B
    +
    C
    +D+K+cG). In this research, I used 1,829 data of readership score from 1960 to 1968, being obtained by 13 survevs, spring and autumn twice a year. The sample of size each survey was 3,541,
    2
    ,251, or 200 in the other 11 surveys. Multiple correlation coefficient between the estimated value A^^〜 and the actual value A is
    0
    .951. The table
    2
    ^* shows the contribution indexes of each factor by 3 kinds of expression-(1) Range : the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum category values, (
    2
    ) Standard deviations of the category values, (3) Partial correlation coefficient : the relationship between the actual values A and each factors. *see the table
    2
    in the thesis in Japanese. [
    2
    ] The important point was in the determination of the values of
    E
    ,
    F
    .
    E
    is the sum of the marks obtained in each design element, classified into four kinds :
    E
    =
    E
    _1+
    E
    _
    2
    +
    E
    _3+
    E
    _4. design elements [table]
    E
    _1,
    E
    _
    2
    ,
    E
    _3,
    E
    _4, these values have the
    5
    grades, as
    0
    , 1,
    2
    , 3, 4 and
    0
    is given to the design that has no attractive effect or no applicable element. And
    E
    obtain the marks of
    0
    to
    9
    grades as the sum of them. The values of
    F
    have also
    5
    grades,
    0
    to 4. The principles to determine the values of
    E
    ,
    F
    are as follows : a) The marks obtained of
    E
    ,
    F
    must be the relative values among the each survey, and at the same time, they must have constancy within the same survey-the same elements of design must win the same marks obtained.
    b
    ) They must be determined as to win the highest multiple correlation coefficient, when they are put into the estimation formula.
    c
    ) They must be reasonable. In order to justify them, we must carry many researches on the actual condition. The frequency of accurence of each grade of
    E
    ,
    F
    values, as the table
    5
    -4, and
    5
    -
    5
    in the thesis in Japanese.
  • I.
    F
    . Davies
    Journal of Light & Visual Environment
    1984年 8 巻 1 号 1_9-1_20
    発行日: 1984年
    公開日: 2011/05/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Nicholas ISYUMOV, Eric HO, Peter KING, David SURRY, Barry VICKERY
    日本風工学会誌
    2010年 35 巻 4 号 265-271
    発行日: 2010/10/31
    公開日: 2011/04/01
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Joey
    B
    . Tanney, Leonard J. Hutchison
    Mycoscience
    2012年 53 巻 1 号 31-35
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On

    2
    % modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

  • A.M. BRITTO,
    C
    . SAVVIDOU, M.J. GUNN, J.R. BOOKER
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 1 号 13-25
    発行日: 1992/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.
  • 長谷川 親太郎
    The Keio Journal of Medicine
    1992年 41 巻 3 号 146-153
    発行日: 1992年
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were tested for cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells in a study utilizing a chemically induced cancer ofthe bladder (transitional cell carcinoma),
    BC
    -47, in inbred ACI/N rats. From tumors grown after subcutaneous implantation of
    BC
    -47 in the rats TIL were separated by density gradient centrifugation and incubated in plastic dishes for separation of non-adherent from adherent cells. The non-adherent cells were further fractionated into T and
    B
    cells by the panning method using anti-rat
    F
    (ab')
    2
    antibody. The cell fractions were each added to
    BC
    -47 in culture to be assessed for antitumor effect by the crystal violet dye exclusion method and 3H-thymidine incorporation inhibition assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were also tested as described above. TIL expressed significantly higher cytotoxicity against
    BC
    -47 with the mean % cytotoxicity of 56.
    6
    ±
    5
    .
    6
    % and 87.
    5
    ±
    7
    .1% at
    E
    /T ratios of 10:1 and 20:1, respectively, as compared to PBMC(
    9
    .
    9
    ±
    5
    .
    0
    % at
    E
    /T 10:1) (P<
    0
    .001). The adherent cells,
    B
    and T cell fractions showed respective % cytotoxicity of 92.4±
    2
    .8%, 57.
    9
    ±10.
    6
    % and
    9
    .
    9
    ±
    7
    .8% at an
    E
    /T ratio of 10:1. TIL pretreated with IFN or rIL-
    2
    for 24or 48 hours did not exhibit any noticeably enhanced antitumor activity at an
    E
    /T ratio of
    5
    :1. Prevention of direct contact of
    BC
    -47 cells and TIL by an interposed Millipore membrane (
    0.45μm
    ) resulted in an unequivocal reduction of antitumor effect. This finding clearly indicates that the direct contact with
    BC
    -47cells and TIL is necessary for TIL to manifest their cytotoxicity against the autologous tumor cells, suggesting that TIL exhibit autologous tumor killing activity through cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
  • Özkan ASLANTAŞ, Ebru Şebnem YILMAZ
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
    2017年 79 巻 6 号 1024-1030
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/06/16
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/04/27
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

    E
    . coli isolates were detected in 95 (
    22
    .
    2
    %) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-
    1b
    (42), blaCMY-
    2
    (
    22
    ), blaCTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-1 (15), blaOXA-1 (
    9
    ) and blaSHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A1 (35.8%), followed by group
    D2
    (
    22
    .1%),
    B
    1 (15.8%), D1 (
    9
    .
    5
    %),
    A0
    (
    7
    .4%),
    B22
    (
    5
    .3%) and
    B23
    (4.
    2
    %), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(
    6
    ’)-Ib-cr, qnr
    S1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.
    5
    and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.
    0
    % for tobramycin to 56.8% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.
    2
    %) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,
    f17a
    -A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing
    E
    . coli
    clone O25
    b
    :ST131/
    B
    2
    . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing
    E
    . coli
    isolates among dogs in Turkey.

  • 黒川 美貴雄, 吉田 耕治, 永井 保嵩, 宇野 準
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1983年 31 巻 12 号 4312-4318
    発行日: 1983/12/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems,
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    , 8,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] oxepins (3a and 3
    b
    ), and -thiepins (4a and 4
    b
    ) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4
    b
    were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric
    2
    -methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10
    b
    ). Deuterated 4a and 4
    b
    (11a and 11
    b
    ) were prepared starting from butadiene-
    d6
    (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3
    b
    (cis), 4a (trans) and 4
    b
    (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10
    b
    , 11a and 11
    b
    on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.
  • 香山 滉一郎, 森下 政夫, 張 国鋒
    粉体および粉末冶金
    2006年 53 巻 5 号 419-429
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/12/19
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo-
    B
    and Ni-W-
    B
    ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol%
    B
    were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
    E1
    :L (1365K, 71.
    5
    mol%Ni-
    6
    .
    0
    mol%Mo-
    22
    .
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E2
    :L (1355K, 62.
    5
    mol%Ni-
    2
    .
    5
    mol%Mo-30.
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni3B
    +
    Ni2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E3
    :L (1445K, 42.
    0
    mol%Ni-30.
    6
    mol%Mo-10.3mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    P1:L (1812K, 34.
    9
    mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-
    22
    .8mol%
    B
    )+MoB=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P2
    :L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%
    B
    )+Mo=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P3:L (1812K, 53.
    5
    mol%Ni-33.
    7
    mol%Mo-12.8mol%
    B
    )+Mo=NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    E1
    :L (1622K, 51.
    0
    mol%Ni-31.
    6
    mol%W-17.4mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+W+
    NiW2B2

    E2
    :L (1260K, 71.
    0
    mol%Ni-
    7
    .
    0
    mol%W-
    22
    .
    0
    mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    E3
    :L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.8mol%W-29.8mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni2B
    +
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P1:L (2115K, 23.8mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%
    B
    )+WB=
    W2B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P2
    :L (1657K, 48.
    9
    mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.
    0
    mol%
    B
    )+
    W2B
    =W+
    NiW2B2

    The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.
  • R.G. WAN, P.J. GUO
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1999年 39 巻 6 号 1-11
    発行日: 1999/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper outlines a mathematical description of the stress dilatancy behaviour of granular materials which accounts for stress level and void ratio dependencies. The consideration of these aspects has important implications in the modelling of granular material behaviour. In fact, granular material mechanical response is largely dominated by the evolution of dilatancy, fabric and void ratio histories. The starting point in this study is the well established Rowe's theory which is revisited and ultimately modified by introducing a factor linked to governing state parameters in order to describe the complete behaviour of granular materials during deformation. Numerical simulations of triaxial tests on granular materials at different void ratios and stress levels are herein presented to illustrate the model.
  • ―特にアポ蛋白Eの変化について―
    本間 康彦, 三神 美和, 佐藤 美智子, 石原 仁一, 吉川 広, 木下 栄治, 田川 隆介, 星合 充基, 古屋 秀夫, 井出 満, 田辺 晃久, 玉地 寛光, 兼本 成斌, 友田 春夫, 中谷 矩章, 五島 雄一郎
    動脈硬化
    1984年 12 巻 3 号 599-603
    発行日: 1984/08/01
    公開日: 2011/09/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    Seven hundred fifty mg of cholesterol were fed daily to 32 patients of the ischemic heart disease (IHD) for
    2
    weeks. Cholesterol amounts in VLDL, LDL, HDL,
    HDL2
    and HDL3 were estimated on the
    0
    th,
    7
    th and 14th days of cholesterol load. Plasma apoprotein A-I, A-II,
    B
    ,
    C
    -II,
    E
    levels were also measured in 16 from 32 IHD subjects. Apoprotein levels were estimated by a method of single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). Before cholesterol administration, cholesterol amounts in VLDL, LDL, HDL,
    HDL2
    and HDL3 were 15.
    9
    ±
    7
    .
    5
    mg/dl (mean±SD), 150.
    9
    ±58.1mg/dl 43.8±
    9
    .
    6
    mg/dl, 16.4±
    5
    .8mg/dl and 24.
    9
    ±
    6
    .3mg/dl respectively. Plasma apoprotein A-I, A-II,
    B
    ,
    C
    -II and
    E
    levels were 81.
    7
    ±
    22
    .
    0
    mg/dl, 15.1±
    5
    .4mg/dl, 93.
    7
    ±36.
    0
    mg/dl, 3.83±1.00mg/dl and 4.29±1.36mg/dl respectively. After
    2
    weeks' cholesterol feeding, all plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein levels did not change significantly. Correlation coefficients between plasma apoprotein and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were calculated. Apoprotein A-I and A-II correlated with HDL-
    C
    (r=
    0
    .348),
    HDL2
    -
    C
    (r=
    0
    .612) and HDL3 (r=
    0
    .569). Apoprotein
    B
    correlated with total cholesterol (TC) (r=
    0
    .610), VLDL-
    C
    (r=
    0
    .341), LDL-
    C
    (r=
    0
    .726), HDL-
    C
    (r=
    0
    .432) and
    HDL2
    -
    C
    (r=
    0
    .465). Apoprotein
    C
    -II correlated with TC (r=
    0
    .765), TG (r=
    0
    .679), VLDL-
    C
    (r=
    0
    .651), LDL-
    C
    (r=
    0
    .461) and
    HDL2
    -
    C
    (r=
    0
    .326). Apoprotein
    E
    correlated with TC (r=
    0
    .580), TG (r=
    0
    .575) and VLDL-
    C
    (r=
    0
    .666). Interapoprotein's correlations were also calculated. Apoprotein A-I correlated with apoprotein A-II (r=
    0
    .468). Apoprotein
    B
    correlated with apoprotein
    C
    -II (r=
    0
    .393). Apoprotein
    C
    -II correlated with apoprotein
    B
    (r=
    0
    .393) and
    E
    (r=
    0
    .549). Apoprotein
    E
    only correlated with apoprotein
    C
    -II (r=
    0
    .549).
  • 堀 幹夫, 片岡 貞, 清水 洋, 小野木 和弘
    YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
    1978年 98 巻 9 号 1189-1197
    発行日: 1978/09/25
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a fundamental study on dibenzothiepins, reaction of 11-phenyl-
    6
    , 11-dihydrodibenzo [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] thiepin-11-ol (10) or 11-chloro-11-phenyl-
    6
    , 11-dihydrodibenzo [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] thiepin (14) with triphenylmethyl cation or
    SbCl5
    was examined under various conditions. 11-Phenyl-
    6
    , 11-dihydrodibenzo [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] thiepin-11-ylium salt (8) was isolated as a black powder (perchlorate) and a green powder (hexachloroantimonate), but BF4 salt was obtained only as a solution. Treatment of the hexachloroantimonate with excess of
    SbCl5
    was found to result in a novel dehydrocyclization reaction to give selectively
    9
    , 13
    b
    -dihydrofluoreno [1,
    9
    a,
    9
    -
    c
    , d] [
    2
    ]-benzothiepin-13
    b
    -ylium hexachloroantimonate (19). Some discussions were made on the mechanism of the formation of 19.
  • 斎藤 徹, 井上 勲, 藤井 澄三
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1990年 38 巻 6 号 1536-1547
    発行日: 1990/06/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    A full account is given of the chemical behavior observed for
    7
    ,
    9
    -dialkyladeninium salts (16). On treatment with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH for 60min, 16a,
    b
    , d,
    e
    (X=I), 16
    c
    (X=Br), and 16
    f
    (X=ClO4) rearranged to isomeric
    N6
    ,
    7
    -dialkyladenines (21a-
    f
    ) in 50-91% yields. Treatment of the salts with
    0
    .
    5
    N aqueous
    Na2CO3
    at room temperature for 30-
    90
    min or with Amberlite CG-400 (OH-) in
    H2O
    at room temperature gave the ring-opened derivatives
    22
    a-
    f
    (in the trans-formamide form) in 56-83% yields, and rate constants for the ring-opening reactions of 16a,
    b
    , d-g (X=ClO4) and 16
    c
    (X=Br) leading to
    22
    a-g were determined in
    H2O
    at pH
    9
    .84 and ionic strength
    0
    .50 at 25°
    C
    . Cyclization of
    22
    a with NaH in
    AcNMe2
    at room temperature or with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH produced 21a in 84% or 72% yield, respectively.In solution, the trans-formamides
    22
    seemed to transform slowly into the cis-formamides 23, attaining equilibria. The existence of such an equilibrium in
    D2O
    or
    Me2SO
    -
    d6
    at 25°
    C
    or in
    H2O
    at pH
    9
    .84 and ionic strength
    0
    .50 at 25°
    C
    was kinetically confirmed in the case of
    22
    a, and the mechanism of the rearrangement of 16 to 21 through
    22
    is discussed on the basis of the above kinetic results and Deslongchamps' theory of stereoelectronic control. On treatment with NaBH4 in MeOH at room temperature, 16a (X=I) furnished the
    7
    , 8-dihydro derivative 28 (84% yield), which slowly decomposed in
    H2O
    at 60°
    C
    to give
    22
    a in 49% yield.The
    7
    ,
    9
    -dialkyladeninium salts (16) were found to be obtainable from N'-alkoxy-1-alkyl-
    5
    -formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamidines (
    9
    ) through an alternative synthetic route : Alkylations of
    9
    with alkyl halides in
    HCONMe2
    in the absence of base, followed by hydrogenolysis of the N'-alkoxy group and cyclizatio (or vice versa) produced 16 in acceptable yields. In order to interpret the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of
    22
    a, the
    2
    -deuterated species 26 was also synthesized from 24 via 25 and 27.
  • MARIE LAVAULT, ALAIN FOURNET, HELENE GUINAUDEAU, JEAN BRUNETON
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1986年 34 巻 3 号 1148-1152
    発行日: 1986/03/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nine isoquinoline alkaloids belonging to the protoberberine, proaporphine and bisbenzyl-isoquinoline series were isolated from Caryomene olivascens (Menispermaceae). Four compounds are new : (-)-
    2
    -norlimacine (4), (-)-caryolivine (
    6
    ), (+)-1,
    2
    -dehydro-
    2
    -norlimacusine (
    9
    ) and N-formylstepharine (3). The last one is the first N-formyl derivative to be reported in the proaporphine group. Its biogenetic origin is discussed. Structures were established on the basis of 360 MHz (FT) nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and also by chemical correlation in the case of 3.
  • 最大地震のマグニチュードcを含む場合
    宇津 徳治
    地震 第
    2

    1978年 31 巻 4 号 367-382
    発行日: 1978/12/25
    公開日: 2010/03/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    In many cases, the log-frequency vs magnitude curves for earthquakes show considerable curvature, though the well-known G-R (Gutenberg-Richter) formula predicts a straight line. To represent such data, two modifications of the G-R formula have been proposed.
    log n(M)=a-bM M
    c

    n(M)=
    0
    M>
    c
    } (
    2
    )
    and log n(M)=a-bM+log(
    c
    -M) M<
    c

    n(M)=
    0
    M
    c
    } (3)
    These are called here the truncated G-R formula and the modified G-R formula, respectively. These equations can be written in the form of probability density function:
    f
    (x)=
    B
    /1-
    e
    -BCe-Bx
    C
    x
    0
    (
    5
    )
    f
    (x)=
    B2
    /
    e
    -
    BC
    +
    BC
    -
    1e
    -Bx(
    C
    -x)
    C
    >x
    0
    (
    6
    )
    where x=M-MS,
    B
    =
    b
    ln 10,
    C
    =
    c
    -MS, and MS is the lower limit of magnitude above which the data is complete.
    The estimation of
    B
    and
    C
    in equation (
    5
    ) by the method of moments was discussed by Okada (1970) and Cosentino et al. (1977). The equations proposed here are
    expC(
    C
    -
    2x
    )/Cx-
    x2
    =
    C2
    -
    2Cx
    -
    x2
    /
    2x2
    -
    x2
    (16)
    B
    =(
    2x
    -
    C
    )/(
    x2
    -Cx) (15)
    or
    x2
    /
    x2
    =
    2
    -
    BC
    (
    BC
    +
    2
    )/(eBC-1)/1-
    BC
    /(eBC-1) (18)
    Bx=1-
    BC
    /(eBC-1) (19)
    The maximum likelihood method for equation (
    5
    ) yields only one equation (equation (19), Page (1968), Okada (1970)). If we adopt
    C
    =Max(xi) as the second equation, the
    C
    value is considerably biased. To correct the bias, a correction ΔC which is a function of
    B
    and
    C
    is proposed. For this correction we must use some estimated values for
    B
    and
    C
    .
    To estimate
    B
    and
    C
    in equation (
    6
    ) by the method of moments the following equations are used.
    x2
    /
    x2
    (
    e
    -
    BC
    +
    BC
    -1){
    e
    -
    BC
    (
    B2C2
    +
    4BC
    +
    6
    )+
    2BC
    -
    6
    }/{
    e
    -
    BC
    (
    BC
    +
    2
    )+
    BC
    -
    2
    }
    2
    (25)
    Bx=
    e
    -
    BC
    (
    BC
    +
    2
    )+
    BC
    -
    2
    /
    e
    -
    BC
    +
    BC
    -1 (23)
    The maximum likelihood estimates of
    B
    and
    C
    in equation (
    6
    ) can be obtained by the equation:
    2
    -Bx=
    C
    /SSi=1 1/
    C
    -xi=
    BC
    (1-
    e
    -
    BC
    )/
    e
    -
    BC
    +
    BC
    -1 (27), (29)
    The accuracy of
    B
    and
    C
    values determined by the above methods is estimated by Monte Carlo technique for the cases of S=50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 and several values of
    B
    and
    C
    . If we adopt the truncated G-R formula, the second method (which uses
    C
    =Max(xi)+ΔC) gives more accurate
    C
    values, whereas the accuracy of
    B
    values is almost the same as that obtained by the method of moments. If we adopt the modified G-R formula, the maximum likelihood method gives more accurate
    B
    and
    C
    values than the method of moments. The η value (η=
    x2
    /
    x2
    ) is a useful index for the deviation of the distribution of data from the G-R formula (for the G-R formula, theoretical value for η is
    2
    ). An application of the present methods shows regional variations in
    b
    ,
    c
    , and η values of shallow earthquakes in Japan.
  • M. L. GHOSH
    Journal of Physics of the Earth
    1972年 20 巻 2 号 165-186
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2009/04/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.
  • Cbesseredes HORTS
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
    発行日: 1982/12/15
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
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