The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On

% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

抄録全体を表示

The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

抄録全体を表示

-Benzyl--chloro--mercapto-3 (H)-pyridazinone (1) was heated in ethanol under reflux for 10 hours to form concurrently , -dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-1, (H, H)-dione (Ia) (57% in yield) and , -dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-1, (H, H)-dione (IIa) (14% in yield). Assignment of the two products to the corresponding structures is established by their physico-chemical constants and chemical behaviors. The concurrent formation of the dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-1, (H, H)-dione and the -1, (H, H)-dione were observed in, not only heating -chloro--mercapto-3 (H)-pyridazinones (1-3) in polar solvent, but warming -mercapto--chloro-3 (H)-pyridazinones (-) in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF. For the interpretation of the reaction, keto-thioketo carbenes as active intermediate species and a reversible interconversion among them are suggested on the basis of the fact that there was nonexistence of an equilibrium between the two compounds, such as Ia and IIa, under the reaction condition and a trapping keto-thioketo carbene species as -phenylimino--benzylpyridazo [, -d]-1, 3-dithiol- (H)-one (IVa) (14% in yield) along with the major products, (Ia) and (IIa), was furnished by warming 1 with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of triethylamine in dry benzene. On the contrary, participation of a reversible interconversion between Ia and IIa, to a considerable extent, with the concurrent formation of them in the case of benzylation of either Ib or IIb, by warming with benzylchloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF at 80°, might not be neglected, because an attempted approach to an equilibrium between Ia and IIa in a similar reaction condition except the use of benzylchloride realized, whereas non-existence of an equilibrium between Ib and IIb in the similar reaction condition was observed.

抄録全体を表示

Nine isoquinoline alkaloids belonging to the protoberberine, proaporphine and bisbenzyl-isoquinoline series were isolated from Caryomene olivascens (Menispermaceae). Four compounds are new : (-)--norlimacine (), (-)-caryolivine (), (+)-1, -dehydro--norlimacusine () and N-formylstepharine (3). The last one is the first N-formyl derivative to be reported in the proaporphine group. Its biogenetic origin is discussed. Structures were established on the basis of 360 MHz (FT) nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and also by chemical correlation in the case of 3.

抄録全体を表示

Some existing analytical methods which have been used in geotechnical engineering are modified to handle the shear strength reduction with time due to softening in fissured, over-consolidated clays and mudstones. These are limit equilibrium analysis of slope stability, calculation of earth pressure and calculation of stress and displacement around a tunnel. The softening effect is incorporated in these analyses using the failure criterion and the time-dependent strength parameters proposed previously by the authors. Examples are presented which emphasize the importance of appreciating the softening effect in analyses and further illustrate that the effect of shear strength reduction with time due to softening could easily be captured with existing analytical methods.

抄録全体を表示

A sample of [³H] tobrarnycin (, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
tiirough of the messenger RNA.

抄録全体を表示

A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of the cyanogenic glycosides, i. ., amygdalin (AM) and prunasin (PR), and their degradation products, i. ., benzaldehyde (BAL) and benzoic acid (), in processed foods containing ume (Japanese apricot Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc.) was developed.
The sample was extracted with 0.05M citric acid solution and cleaned up by use of a Seppak cartridge. The extract was chromatographed on a Capcell Pak SG120 column with acetonitrile-water- phosphate buffer, pH .0 (16: 79: ). Detection was achieved with a UV monitor set at 210nm. The peaks corresponding to AM and PR were confirmed by examination of the effect of emulsin treatment.
The recoveries from ume extract, umeboshi (dried and salted ume), umeshu (Japanese apricot wine) and ume jam fortified with AM, PR, BAL and at levels of 40-100μg/g each were 86.-100.% (. V. 3.-.%) for AM, 69.-105.3% (0.-.%) for PR, 71.-85.0% (1.-.%) for BAL and 82.-.1% (0.-.%) for , except for AM in the ume extract and the umeboshi. AM in ume extract and umeboshi could not be determined owing to interference by contaminants.
The determination limits were 10μg/g for AM, /g for PR, and 1μg/g for BAL and , respectively.

抄録全体を表示

Having made a reconnaisance in this area, the writer classified it into several geomorpholoical surfaces, concerning about the nature and the time of the formation of each surface.
(1) Those surfaces are termed, from the lower to the upper, A to G, and mountains; and is subdivided into and . The relative height of A to G is about 250 meters.
() A•••D are river terraces, while has characters of the rock bench or the partial pediment (by Ben A. Tator, 1952-1953). F may be the same with , and a part of D resembles .
Above identification depends on the structures of the superficial layers underlying those surfaces and on the forms of those surfaces. G is the surface of the inselberg-like isolated hill, relating to and F.
(3) The rocks forming mountains are ancient ones of Hidaka Belt, and the rock underlying G is liparite, while the rest on which the large part of each surface-A-F-lie is loose tuffaceous sandstone.
() Among the materials (gravels or finer materials) underlying and , various paleolithic. stone implements have been discovered by Shôichi Yoshizaki, archaeologist.
() The writer takes a view that such stone implements must be embedded in the material underlying . The reason is that and are supporsed to be the protected terraces, owing to the presence of the gorge of the hard rock of Hidaka Belt downstream, and the time of those formation supposed to have been in the same cycle.
But an alternative interpretation would be possible, that is, the time of the formation of the graded reach emerged as later belongs to the alluvial epock, but the time of the accident by which was formed belongs to the dilluvial epock.
() Geologist Kiyoshi Hasegawa has studied the area and, from the gravels underlying each surface, concluded that the time of the formation of the volcano Tengudake corresponds to the time of the formation of , and that of the present peak of the volcano is later than that of and earlier than A.
The lava flows of the volcano might affect the drainage systems of this area, and they might also affect the agencies to form those surfaces.
() In addition to the facts above mentioned, there exist another characteristics, that is, each surface has different pedological character.
So, the writer supposes that such surfaces could be classified corresponding to the geological age, from the view point of geomorphology, geology, archaeology and pedology. And the conditions, especially climatic ones, under which each surface was formed could be estimated.

抄録全体を表示

The composition of "group saponin" in soybean seed was analyzed by HPLC, and six kinds of "group saponin, " named , , ', Be, and Be according to elution order from HPLC, were detected. Of these saponins, , , ' and Be were identified with soyasaponin V, I, III and II, respectively. and Be were novel saponins possessing soyasapogenol as the aglycone and the same sugar chain as and , respectively. These saponins were very unstable in the isolated state and had a tendency to form and , respectively. From these results, and Be are presumed to be the precursors of and in soybean seed.

抄録全体を表示

Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -3dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, 3rd-order distortion, and 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) were 200MHz, .%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.3dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

抄録全体を表示

The effect of composition and controlled thermomechanical process parameters on the mechanical properties of HSLA steels is modelled using the Widrow-Hoff's concept of training a neural net with feed-forward topology by applying Rumelhart's back propagation type algorithm for supervised learning, using a Petri like net structure. The data used are from laboratory experiments as well as from the published literature. The results from the neural network are found to be consistent and in good agreement with the experimented results.

抄録全体を表示