[1] The purpose of this reserch is to make clear what type of design can give good effects to win the high readership score. At the begining I had to know what factors decide the readership score, and how to change the quality of the desing into numerical value. I have used the method of multi-dimentional analysis with the help of a computer, and got the estimation formula, with 7 kinds of factors, as follows ; A^^〜=+C++K+aE++cG. A^^〜=estimated values of the readership score. 1) , C, , K : these four factors are given as category values (so we call them); each factor is classified into several categories. =week day, classified into 7 categories. C=pages of a newspaper, which are characterized by the kinds of articles, news, and the other reading matters, classified into categories. =kinds of goods and trades of the advertizement, classified into 14 catedories. K=constants, given to each 13 surveys. 2) , , G : these factors are given as numerical values. G=area of advertizement, measured by the unit of column in the whole page length, being classified into 6 kinds of area (2., 3., , 7, 10, 15) and 15 column means a whole page, about 2,000cm^2. , are the marks obtained in the design of advertizements. =sum of the marks obtained in each design element on the advertizement. =the marks obtained on the whole effect of the design. 3) a, , c : coefficients Using the above formula with the category values and the coefficients, we can obtain the naked design effect from the actual value A of readership score: aE+=A-(+C++K+cG). In this research, I used 1,829 data of readership score from 1960 to 1968, being obtained by 13 survevs, spring and autumn twice a year. The sample of size each survey was 3,541, 2,251, or 200 in the other 11 surveys. Multiple correlation coefficient between the estimated value A^^〜 and the actual value A is .951. The table 2^* shows the contribution indexes of each factor by 3 kinds of expression-(1) Range : the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum category values, (2) Standard deviations of the category values, (3) Partial correlation coefficient : the relationship between the actual values A and each factors. *see the table 2 in the thesis in Japanese. [2] The important point was in the determination of the values of , . is the sum of the marks obtained in each design element, classified into four kinds : =_1+_2+_3+_. design elements [table] _1, _2, _3, _, these values have the grades, as , 1, 2, 3, and is given to the design that has no attractive effect or no applicable element. And obtain the marks of to grades as the sum of them. The values of have also grades, to . The principles to determine the values of , are as follows : a) The marks obtained of , must be the relative values among the each survey, and at the same time, they must have constancy within the same survey-the same elements of design must win the same marks obtained. ) They must be determined as to win the highest multiple correlation coefficient, when they are put into the estimation formula. c) They must be reasonable. In order to justify them, we must carry many researches on the actual condition. The frequency of accurence of each grade of , values, as the table -, and - in the thesis in Japanese.

抄録全体を表示

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%),

D₁

(

9

.

5

%),

A₀

(7.

4

%),

B2₂

(

5

.3%) and

B2₃

(

4

.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.

5

and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.

0

% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,

f17a

-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

抄録全体を表示

Six sorts of aluminium-silicon JIS commercial cast alloys, i.. AC2, AC2BT6, AC3, AC, ACAT6 and AC, were examined on drill-machinabilities in regard of drilling resistance, accuracy of drilled holes, deposits on the drill face, chip treatment and others. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
(1) In the case of -materials (as-cast), the drilling resistance and time were smaller in copper-containing materials, i.. 2 and , and were larger in , especially 3. And the drilling resistance and time of T6-materials (heat-treated) were larger than those of -materials.
(2) The drilling temperature was lower in AT6 than in the other materials, but the temperatures were about 100∼120°C as a whole and posed no serious problem.
(3) In the case of -materials, the accuracies of drilled holes, i.. enlargement of the hole diameter, roundness of the hole figure and surface roughness of the drilled hole in and 3 were inferior to those in 2 and , and the roundness of the hole figure and the surface roughness of holes in T6-materials were better than those in -materials.
() In the case of -materials, the deposits, such as a cohesive large built-up edge, which deteriorate the accuracy of a drilled hole, were observed on the drill face. This phenomenon was more remarkable in , especially 3 than in 2 and . And the deposits in T6-materials were less cohesive and smaller than those in -materials.
() There were no difficulties in chip formation regardless of the chip treatment.

抄録全体を表示

The paper presents results from an extensive experimental model study of response of dry sand to impact of a rigid tamper. In the laboratory tests a circular steel tamper was repeatedly dropped on sand contained in a large tank. Measurements included tamper acceleration aud soil pressure at impact, tamper settlement, aud soil densities and strains. Effects of tamper drop height, weight and contact area were investigated. A method is presented for the evaluation of global dynamic stiffness of the soil mass affected by the impact by calculating a dynamic settlement modulus (DSM). The DSM values are determined from integration of the impact acceleration record with respect to time using measured integration constants. DSM values show good correlation to soil densities and corresponding elastic moduli obtained from laboratory tests for loose sand. However, for dense sand, results indicate apparent discrepancies between elastic modulus and the higher DSM values. Analyses of normalized impact energy and the resulting densification in the sand in terms of normalized dimensions of volumetric strain (relative density) contours show unique correlations which are used for a proposed rational design method for dynamic compaction in dry sandy soils.

抄録全体を表示

This paper outlines a mathematical description of the stress dilatancy behaviour of granular materials which accounts for stress level and void ratio dependencies. The consideration of these aspects has important implications in the modelling of granular material behaviour. In fact, granular material mechanical response is largely dominated by the evolution of dilatancy, fabric and void ratio histories. The starting point in this study is the well established Rowe's theory which is revisited and ultimately modified by introducing a factor linked to governing state parameters in order to describe the complete behaviour of granular materials during deformation. Numerical simulations of triaxial tests on granular materials at different void ratios and stress levels are herein presented to illustrate the model.

抄録全体を表示

Low molecular weight glutenin subunits are important components of wheat storage proteins, which play an important role in determining end-use quality of common wheat. A newly established matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) procedure was used to analyze 478 landraces of bread wheat collected from the Yangtze-River region in China. Results indicated that 17 alleles at three loci: Glu-A3, Glu-

and Glu- were identified, resulting in 87 different allele combinations. Of the 17 alleles detected at all the Glu-3 loci, five belonged to Glu-A3, seven to Glu- and five to Glu- locus. MALDI-TOF-MS indicated Glu-A3a/c was present in 72.%, Glu- in .%, Glu- in .%, Glu- in .2% and Glu- in 3.6% lines. Seven types of alleles were identified at the Glu- locus: Glu-

B

3

d

/i (25.%), Glu- (21.3%), Glu- (16.%), Glu- (13.%), Glu- (.%), Glu- (.2%), and Glu- (.2%). Five types of Glu- alleles were detected: Glu- (58.%), Glu- (.6%), Glu- (15.%), Glu- (3.3%) and Glu- (.2%). Four new alleles that showed abnormal MALDI-TOF spectrum patterns were identified at the Glu-A3 and Glu- loci. A detailed study is needed to further characterize these alleles and their potential usage for wheat improvement.

抄録全体を表示

In view of the significant role of the water film effect in flow failure for a liquefied sandy deposit, the mechanism of water film generation is numerically studied based on a 1-dimensional model test. The process of water film growth and decay can be simulated to a certain extent by a simple consolidation analysis, which indicates that only a small difference in permeability in layered sand is enough for a water film to develop. A 1 G shaking table test for a two-dimensional slope model with an arc of silt within a saturated sand is then addressed to discuss the dilatancy effect exerted in sheared sand during flow failure. It is possible that, once the water film is formed, the transmission of shear stress through it is interrupted, leaving the sand below free from the dilatancy ; this eventually allows the water film to stay without being absorbed during flow failure. The result of another shaking table test for a trapezoidal slope with horizontal silt seams indicate that water films beneath the seams enable the soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films very gently inclined even after shaking. If a silt seam breaks due to excessive pressure in the water film, it triggers re-liquefaction in the upper sand and leads to further instability.

抄録全体を表示

Two allinement charts were prepared for forest survey.
1. Fig. 1 is an allinement chart of forest area (A ha), stand factor (), and the number of sample plots (n) required to obtain 10% sampling error (sample size .01 ha). The relation of plot size (a ha), forest area (A ha), stand factor (), the number of sample plots (n) and sumpling error percent (%) is as follows.
n=/+
When we know forest area (A) and stand factor (), we can estimate the number of sample plots (n) required to obtain 10% sampling error in plot size .01 ha from Fig. 1.
The relation of the coefficient of variation (C) and stand factor () is √=2C and illustrated in Fig. 2.
2. Fig. 3 is an allinement chart of forest area (A ha), required plot numbers (n) and sampling point intervals (1m). The relation of A, n and l is as follows.
l=√A/n×100
When we know forest area (A ha), and required plot numbers (n) from Fig. 1, we can estimate the sampling point intervals (1m) required to obtain the number of sample plots in a forest area from Fig. 3.
3. The pine stand (Pinus densiflora SIEB. et ZUCC.) in Kodo district Niigata city (A=.56 ha) was measured by the use of the allinement charts.
As A is .56 ha and is .40, n is 23 from Fig. 1. As A is .56 ha and n is 23, l is 16m from Fig. 3. Results of sampling survey were as follows.
x=196.3m³/ha (mean volume per ha).
S=62.02m³/ha (standard deviation of the estimate).
S^x=/ha (standard error of the estimate). t(.05, .=) =2.080
tS^x=20.63m³/ha (standard error in significant level %).
C=31.% (coefficient of variation).
=.40 (stand factor).
=(tS^x/x)×100=10.% (sampling error percent).
Results obtained were as might have been expected.

抄録全体を表示

The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.mol%Ni-6.mol%Mo-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.mol%Ni-2.mol%Mo-30.mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
P₂:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.mol%Ni-33.7mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.mol%Ni-7.mol%W-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.mol%Ni-.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
P₂:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

抄録全体を表示

Mycestericins (1), (3), (2) and G (), new immunosuppressants, were isolated from the culture broth of Mycelia sterilia ATCC 20349. The immunosuppressive activities of 1 and 2 exhibited an IC_<50> of 16nM and 120nM against mouse allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), respectively, while 3 and exhibited an IC_<50> of 13nM and 370nM, respectively. The proposed structures were unambiguously confirmed by spectroscopy, chemical evidence and total synthesis. Their absolute configurations have been determined by comparison of their CD spectra with those of synthetic compounds (R and S)- prepared from methyl (2S, R)-2-tert-butyl-3-formyl-oxazolidine--carboxylate () and stearoyl chloride. Thus, mycestericins (1) and (2) were assigned to be 2 (S), 3 (S) configurations, while mycestericins (3) and G () were 2 (S), 3 (R) configurations. The first total synthesis of mycestericins have been achieved from and 1,-octanediole (10). The alkyl chain moiety 21 was prepared in 12 steps from 10 by straightforward reactioin. The key intermediate obtained from and 21 could be converted to the desired final compounds. Stereoselective reduction of the ketone with Zn(BH_)_2 or NaBH_ provided the (R)-hydroxy 23, the protecting groups of which were removed with 10% MeOH in CF_3COOH, followed by hydrolysis of 24 to give mycestericin (3). On the other hand, mycestericin (1) was synthesized from by deprotection, followed by reduction of 25 with Me_NBH(OAc)_3 and then hydrolysis of 26. Hydrogenation of mycestericin (1) and (3) provided the corresponding (2) and G ().

抄録全体を表示

Backgrounds: We evaluated that electrophysiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation () with sinus node dysfunction (SND) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Methods: Among 428 patients (male, 77.3%; 56.±11. years old; paroxysmal , 69.%) who underwent RFCA for , 50 patients (11.7%) who had ECG documented symptomatic SND (28 Tachybrady (T-Bs) and sick sinus syndrome; SSS) were compared with 378 patients without SND. Results: 1. The patients with SND were older (60.3±61617; .7 vs. 55.±61617; 11.1 years, p=.003) and had higher /′ (12.±61617; .1 vs. .±61617; .1, p=.002) than those without SND. 2. Effective refractory period (ERP) at high right atrium (RA) was longer (ERP; 244.1±61617; 26.1 vs. 232.2±61617; 28.2 ms, p=.033) and endocardial voltage at posterior left atrium (LA) was higher (1.2±61617; . vs. .±61617; . mV, p=.041) in patients with SND than those without it. 3. The recurrence rate was not different significantly between groups (28.% vs. 20.%, p=.623) during 12.7±. months. A patient with SSS (.%) and a patient with T-Bs (3.6%) were implanted pacemaker because of recurrent symptomatic bradycardia after RFCA. Conclusion: is associated with SND more often in patients with old age, diastolic dysfunction, and high RA ERP. RFCA results in comparable clinical outcome in those patients, but % of them required pacemaker implantation due to recurrence and symptomatic bradycardia.

抄録全体を表示

Six new cembranoids sarcophytol P (3), R (), S (), K (), (11), and T (13) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Sarcophytol P (3) was shown to be the 20-hydroxy derivative of the major component sarcophytol A (1), and afforded the cyclization product 6 in CHCl_3 at room temperature, in a same way as in 1. Sarcophytols R () and S () were correlated to 1, by conversion of its 7R,R and 7S,S epoxide derivatives. Sarcophytol K() was a 13, 14-dihydroxycembranoid having a 1,3Z-diene moiety. The absolute configuration of and its 1Z,3- and 1Z,3Z-isomers sarcophytol (2) and J (10) were determined by circular dichroism study of their bis-p-dimethylaminobenzoate derivatives. Sarcophytols (11) and T (13) were 1- and 1,3Z-isomers of 1. Compound 11 showed characteristic broadening of the ^1H-NMR chemical shifts, due to the restricted conformational interconversion. Using the three cembranoids sarcophytols (11, 1,3), N (15, 1Z,3Z) and T (13,1,3Z), spontaneous autoxidation-cyclization, in CHCl_3,was examined, in order to compare the stereochemical course of the reaction with that of 1 (1Z,3), which affords trans-fused bicyclo[.3.]tetradecene systems. The 1,3Z-isomer 13 gave the same cyclization product 18, as in the reaction of 1, even though it is isomeric at C-1,3. The 1Z,3Z isomer 15 gave 19, in consequence of the reversed geometry at C-3 of 15. The 1,3-isomer (11) gave the bicyclic product , having an antipodal fusion as compared with 19. This was confirmed by PCC oxidation of 19 and , giving enantiomeric ketones 23 and 24 respectively. The 1(14)-epoxide 26 was shown to be the immediate precursor of , and acounted for the inversion of the geometry at C-1 of the cyclization product. Compound 26 is isomeric with the epoxide 17 derived from 1. The epoxide 17 is the postulated precursor in the conversion of 13 to 18. It is noteworthy that the mode of antipodal fusion of the cyclopentane rings, in 18 and , was controlled by the chirality of the epoxy rings. The C-14 hydroxyl group participates in the transannular cyclization, but was found not to be the requisite functional group for the reaction. Similar treatment of cembrene C (30), the parent hydrocarbon of 1, also reacted in CHCl_3 giving the bicyclic product 32.

抄録全体を表示

For calculating the percentage depth dose under any circumstances in telecobalt therapy, factors influencing the percentage depth dose especially additional scatter dose were studied experimentally and theoretically. The percentage depth dose could be expressed as the following equations. In general : P_a=(/(+x))^2・^<-.0634x>・S_x・100(%) =(/(+x))^2・^<-.0634x>・(A_xlog_<10>_x+_x)・100(%) If x≦10cm : P_a=(/(+x))^2・^<-.0634x>・{(.016x+.018)log_<10>_x+√<55369.38-(x-6)^2>-234.}・100(%) If x≧10cm : P_a=(/(+x))^2・^<-.0634x>・{(.022-.042)log_<10>_x-.025x+1.308}・100(%) P_a : Persentage depth dose : ^<60>Co source-skin distance(cm) x : Depth(cm) S_x : Scatter factor _x : Irradiated field(cm^2) A_x, _x : Function of depth Above-described equations are available provided that source-skin distance is from 30 to 110cm, field size to 600cm^2 and depth . to 25cm. But in case of field size less than 16cm^2, the depth more than 10cm should be taken to calculate as 10cm. Above equations were introduced into the special designed sliding rule and percentage depth dose was successfully obtained by maneuver of scales and casoles.

抄録全体を表示

Backgrounds: It has been reported that somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is related with aging, or development of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that mtDNA4977 deletion mutation (4977-) detected from human blood contributes to atrial dysfunction in patients with . Methods: We studied for mtDNA4977- in 183 patients with non-valvular , (127 PAF, 56 PeAF) and 69 patients with healthy control. The detection of mtDNA4977- was determined by Gene Scan. Results: 1. The mtDNA4977- in patients were older than those without mutation (61.±.2 vs. 51.±., p<.0001). 2. Frequency of mtDNA4977- mutation in patients with ≤45 years old was not different to age matched control (7.3% vs. 11.6%, p=.2371). 3. The mtDNA4977- had higher /, (11.3±. vs. .1±3.1, p=.0005), plasma levels of TIMP-1 (1.51±.77 vs. 1.28±.57 ng/mL, p=.0210) and ANP (3.11±2.67 vs. 1.91±2.01 nmole/L, p=.0010), and were more frequently taking statin (27.2% vs. .%, p=.0055) than those without mutation. . 82.3% with mtDNA4977- and 85.% without mtDNA4977- remain in sinus rhythm 12.7±. months after RFCA (p=.3008). Conclusion: mtDNA4977- was related with aging, diastolic dysfunction, serologic markers related with atrial remodeling or pressure overloading. Its frequency was not different to age matched patients with control, and did not affect the clinical outcome after RFCA.

抄録全体を表示

Three new azaphilone derivatives designated falconensins (), (6), and G (7) were isolated from the mycelium o Emericella falconensis, along with falconensins A (1), (2), C (3), (), and H (), and three hopane-type triterpenes, zeorin (), hepane-7β, -diol (10), and hopane-6α, 7β, -triol (11). The structures of -7 were confirmed by spectroscopic investigation and chemical correlations. The absolute stereochemistry of falconensins A (1) to G(7) was also established.

抄録全体を表示