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  • FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, FRÉDÉRIC TANGY, BERNARD MOREAU
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1979年 32 巻 12 号 1288-1292
    発行日: 1979年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    A sample of [3H] tobrarnycin (
    5
    , 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
    the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
    two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
    protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
    tiirough of the messenger RNA.
  • 小田切 孝人, 田代 眞人
    ウイルス
    2013年 63 巻 2 号 233-240
    発行日: 2013/12/25
    公開日: 2014/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 8
    期編集委員会
    人間工学
    2022年 58 巻 4 号 155-156
    発行日: 2022/08/15
    公開日: 2022/08/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, MARIE-LOUISE CAPMAU, ERÉDÉRIC TANGY, ELIANE CAMINADE
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1980年 33 巻 8 号 895-899
    発行日: 1980年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    (3H) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity binding site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin.
  • 東坂 諒哉, 城 克己, 林 侑加子, 津村 ゆかり
    日本法科学技術学会誌
    2023年 28 巻 2 号 197-203
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/07/31
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/04/20
    ジャーナル フリー

     The stability of

    Δ9
    ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc) and
    Δ8
    ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc) in
    e
    -liquid during storage was investigated.
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc liquids in cartridges were stored at 80℃ or 30℃ for 28 days. The relative concentrations of cannabinoids in the liquids were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc decreased during storage at either temperature.
    Δ9
    ‒THC, a minor impurity, also decreased.
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc liquid in a cartridge was stored at 80℃ for 57 days. The concentration of
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc and
    Δ8
    ‒THC, a minor impurity, did not change during that time. Cannabinol acetate increased in all liquids, and unknown products were also detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc and
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc liquids were subjected to GC/MS to detect representative diluents, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, but none of these were detected.

  • 三浦 均也, 吉田 望, 金 潤相
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2001年 41 巻 2 号 1-19
    発行日: 2001/04/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Elastic wave propagation in saturated soil is investigated in order to grasp the frequency dependent wave propagation property of actual soil. First, a closed form solution of Biot's equation is derived under a one-directional wave propagation condition. Then, the frequency dependent properties of waves in various soils such as clay, silt, sand, gravel and soft rock are computed and discussed. The behavior is shown to be classified into three states : low frequency, high frequency and transient. Properties hardly change in the low and high frequency states. The degree of saturation is shown to hardly affect the shear wave property, but it greatly affects the dilatational wave property, especially in a highly saturated condition. Permeability hardly affects the properties at low and high frequency states, but it does change the frequency range of the transient state. Next, the applicability of Biot's formulation is examined and the high frequency state derived from Biot's equation is shown to be valid when permeability is larger than that of silt. Finally, it is shown that various mechanical properties can be evaluated using the frequency dependent characteristics of the wave, some of which are difficult to measure in situ with conventional tools.
  • LIVIO SIROVICH
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 4 号 23-34
    発行日: 1996/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA
    2
    programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.
  • 辻川 健治, 川上 貴大, 荒木 渉, 佐藤 高広, 伊藤 さよ, 和泉 要, 保戸田 滉樹, 岩田 祐子
    日本法科学技術学会誌
    2023年 28 巻 2 号 145-157
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/07/31
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/04/20
    ジャーナル フリー

     We examined the stability of

    Δ9
    -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc) and
    Δ8
    -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc) in
    e
    -liquid products. Eight samples were heated at 30℃ for 28 days and one of them was heated at 70℃ for
    2
    , 4,
    8
    , 10, and 15 days. Residual ratios of
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc and
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ion detection and their degradation products were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Some samples were tested for solubility in hexane and were submitted to GC/MS analysis to detect propylene glycol and glycerol. After a 28-day incubation at 30℃,
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc was slightly decomposed (residual ratio: 84.
    5
    –94.
    2
    %) but
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc was almost stable (residual ratio: 95.
    2
    –108.
    9
    %). Heating at 70℃ decomposed not only
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc but also
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc. The decomposition proceeded rapidly in the initial
    2
    days then slowly until 15 days later. The degradation products, four putative one-oxygen-atom adducts and cannabinol, were detected but deacetylated products (
    Δ9
    -tetrahydrocannabinol and
    Δ8
    -tetrahydrocannabinol) were not detected. All the samples tested were completely dissolved in hexane differently from propylene glycol and glycerol. Propylene glycol and glycerol were not detected from the samples completely dissolved in hexane. This study indicated that deacetylation of
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc and
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc did not proceed when the sample did not contain propylene glycol and glycerol.

  • 渡辺 秀司
    素粒子論研究
    1986年 73 巻 4 号 D22-D23
    発行日: 1986/07/20
    公開日: 2017/10/02
    ジャーナル フリー
  • CHAIM J. PORAN, KINGSEN HEH, JORGE A. RODRIGUEZ
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 4 号 81-92
    発行日: 1992/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The paper presents results from an extensive experimental model study of response of dry sand to impact of a rigid tamper. In the laboratory tests a circular steel tamper was repeatedly dropped on sand contained in a large tank. Measurements included tamper acceleration aud soil pressure at impact, tamper settlement, aud soil densities and strains. Effects of tamper drop height, weight and contact area were investigated. A method is presented for the evaluation of global dynamic stiffness of the soil mass affected by the impact by calculating a dynamic settlement modulus (DSM). The DSM values are determined from integration of the impact acceleration record with respect to time using measured integration constants. DSM values show good correlation to soil densities and corresponding elastic moduli obtained from laboratory tests for loose sand. However, for dense sand, results indicate apparent discrepancies between elastic modulus and the higher DSM values. Analyses of normalized impact energy and the resulting densification in the sand in terms of normalized dimensions of volumetric strain (relative density) contours show unique correlations which are used for a proposed rational design method for dynamic compaction in dry sandy soils.
  • 東畑 郁生, PRASAD S.K., 本多 剛, CHANDRADHARA G.P.
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2002年 42 巻 4 号 77-88
    発行日: 2002/08/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Gujarat earthquake in India occurred in January, 2001, and caused significant damage in the province of Gujarat. The Japanese Geotechnical Society sent a small reconnaissance team to the damaged region after the quake. The present text presents the report from this activity. The major attention of the team was focused on geotechnical aspects of the damage which were related to earthfill dams and harbor land fills. It was found that a significant portion of damage was concentrated in fills resting on soft natural soils. Swedish weight soundings which were conducted at two places demonstrated the existence of such a soft subsoil. From this, it was concluded that amplification of earthquake shaking as well as the permanent deformation in the soft foundation soil induced such kinds of damage as subsidence, cracking, and lateral spreading in overlying artificial fills. For the better seismic resistance of those affected fills during future earthquakes, the improvement of soft subsoil seems essential.
  • 蒋 通, 栗林 栄一
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1988年 28 巻 1 号 56-64
    発行日: 1988/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The boundary element method expanded in frequency domains is presented to analyze the dynamic interaction between an embedded flexible rectangular foundation and soil with consideration of the obliquely incident waves. Numerical results describing the influence of the flexibility of the foundation on the dynamic responses of the foundation due to obliquely incident waves indicate that the flexibility of actual foundations can diminish the reduction of translation responses and increase the rotational responses in the high frequency range. These phenomena are more conspicuous as the embedment ratio is larger and the value of the wave velocity ratio of the soil and the foundation approaches to unity. When the high frequency components of the input ground motion are important and the basement has higher flexibility (for example
    2vs
    /
    1vs
    >
    0
    .4), the analysis method which considers the basement as a rigid foundation may lead to unsafety estimations and the estimation of the flexibility of the foundation is necessary as analysing the effective input motion with consideration of the incident waves.
  • 山田 善一, 野田 茂
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1988年 28 巻 1 号 143-152
    発行日: 1988/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • / 鵜飼 恵三, KEIZO UGAI
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 3 号 201-207
    発行日: 1998/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A comparative study of the static and dynamic response of a slope is carried out, using the large deformation theory of the updated Lagrangian formulation and the conventional infinitesimal theory. In the static analysis, a strength reduction method proposed by one of the authors is used to evaluate the safety factor of the slope. It is found that by the large deformation theory, the safety factor is larger than that calculated by the infinitesimal theory, and this difference becomes large along with the reduction of elastic modulus. In the dynamic analysis, it is observed that the large deformation theory gives smaller sliding displacement and larger response acceleration than the infinitesimal approach. It is concluded that in many cases the large deformation approach gives more adequate solutions.
  • S. SICSIC, J.
    F
    . LE BIGOT, C. VINCENT, C. CERCEAU,
    F
    . LE GOFFIC
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1982年 35 巻 5 号 574-579
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    The activities of tobramycin derivatives acetylated and ethylated on the 6'-N,
    2
    '-N and 3-N positions were examined. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin sensitive strains indicated that
    2
    '-N-ethylated and 6'-N-ethylated derivatives have a fairly good activity, and confirmed that the 3-N position is the most important one for antibiotic activity since 3-N derivatives were less active. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin resistant strains, and their inactivation by tobramycin modifying enzymes were examined. These results showed that
    2
    '-N or 6'-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(
    2
    ') or AAC(6'), respectively, and
    2
    '-N-ethyltobramycin and 6'-N-ethyltobramycin were active against strains containing these modifying enzymes. On the other hand, 3-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(3) but 3-N-ethyl tobramycin does not inhibit strains containing this enzyme.
  • 古関 潤一, 松尾 修, 田中 修司
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 3 号 75-87
    発行日: 1998/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A series of shaking table tests are made to investigate the uplift behavior of sewer pipes caused by liquefaction of surrounding soil. It is shown that uplift displacement of pipes buried in unliquefiable original soil, which does not allow a dissipation of excess pore water pressure from liquefied backfill soil, increases drastically when they are subjected to extensive shaking. Uplift displacement of pipes buried in liquefiable original soil, on the other hand, accumulates rather gradually even at moderate shaking. A different behavior on residual deformation of the backfill and the original soils is also observed. In relation to the effects of soil condition, damage to sewer pipes in Towada City caused by the December 28, 1994 Sanriku-Haruka-Oki earthquake is reported and discussed. It is estimated that upper backfill soil consisting of sandy gravel may have liquefied because it was under loose and saturated condition and was subjected to earthquake motion under nearly undrained condition due partly to its own low permeability and also to the existence of surrounding original soil with low permeability.
  • 古関 潤一, 松尾 修, 古賀 泰之
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1997年 37 巻 1 号 97-108
    発行日: 1997/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    During past earthquakes, several types of underground structure were damaged by uplift movement, because they were relatively light compared with the buoyancy force resulting from liquefaction of the adjacent subsoil by earthquake. To investigate this uplift behavior, a variety of model tests were conducted. In these tests, the uplift of underground structures was caused by both nearly instantaneous deformation of a surrounding subsoil layer and gradual movement of a pore fluid, while reconsolidation of liquefied soil resulted in settlement of the structure. Several different effects of structure type on uplift behavior were observed, including reduction of excess pore water pressure in a soil layer overlying completely-buried box structures and three dimensional deformation of the backfill soil surrounding a manhole together with deformation of original soils thus "squeezing" the backfill soil into the space occupied by the manhole. Analysis of the test results suggests that a safety factor against uplift, which was defined based on the equilibrium of vertical force acting on the structure, can be used to evaluate the triggering of uplift.
  • 古関 潤一, 松尾 修, 二宮 嘉朗, 吉田 正
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1997年 37 巻 1 号 109-121
    発行日: 1997/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    During the 1993 Kushiro-Oki Earthquake, several sewer manholes in Kushiro Town were ejected up to
    1
    .
    5
    m. In order to evaluate their failure mechanism, level and boring surveys, cut-off investigation and laboratory tests were carried out. It was estimated that the backfill soil which liquefied extensively moved laterally toward the bottom of the ejected manholes. Possible influences of the original subsoil on the uplift displacement are discussed together with the applicability of safety factor against uplift.
  • / 東畑 郁生, IKUO TOWHATA
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 4 号 1-15
    発行日: 1998/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    An analytical measure was developed so that the permanent displacement/deformation caused by seismic subsoil liquefaction can be predicted. Since the effects of topography on displacement is important, a three-dimensional analysis was developed which can fully consider the topography. Moreover, the loss of resistance in the surface unliquefied crust undergoing a tensile stress was taken into account. The empirical interpolation of the lateral displacement along the vertical axis helped reduce the amount of computation. Consequently, a finite-element two-dimensional analysis which is equivalent to a three-dimensional calculation was developed. The displacement obtained by the proposed method is the maximum possible to minimize the potential energy of the subsoil. By comparing the calculated displacement with the observation, the predicted displacement was to some extent greater than the observation. Hence, a dynamic analysis in the time domain, which was also developed by the authors, is necessary for a better matching between prediction and observation. In contrast, the direction of displacement was correctly predicted by the present analysis.
  • 國生 剛治
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 4 号 95-102
    発行日: 2000/08/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Field data indicate that the P-wave velocity in sand or gravel is sometimes much lower than that of water, even if the soil is below the water table. It is well understood that a slight decrease in saturation normally evaluated by the
    B
    -value has a significant effect on undrained shear behavior like liquefaction of saturated soil. In the first part of this research, theoretical formulations of the
    B
    -value, P-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio are made by taking into account the decrease in bulk modulus of water due to a mixture of air bubbles. Then, computations are carried out using formulas based on the soil properties of a typical sand or gravelly soils and Masa soil from the Kobe area to make charts correlating the variables. These charts indicate that a small decrement in the
    B
    -value in the interval of
    B
    =
    1
    .
    0
    to
    0
    .
    8
    will considerably decrease the P-wave velocity. Thus, the P-wave velocity which is easily measured in the field can serve as a convenient index to quantitatively evaluate the insitu soil
    B
    -value.
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