The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

,500 μm tall). On % modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (a and ), and -thiepins (a and ) were synthesized. Compounds a and were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric -methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated a and (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of a (trans), (cis), a (trans) and (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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A sample of [

3H

] tobrarnycin (

5

, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
tiirough of the messenger RNA.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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11-Amino-, a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (a-) and -oxepines (a-) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (a, )and -oxepines (a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products a- and a-, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) a and a, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) and , trans(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H) and , and trans(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) and , were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with

1H

-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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-Benzyl--chloro--mercapto- (H)-pyridazinone () was heated in ethanol under reflux for 10 hours to form concurrently , -dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-, -dithiin-, (H, H)-dione (Ia) (57% in yield) and , -dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-, -dithiin-, (H, H)-dione (IIa) (14% in yield). Assignment of the two products to the corresponding structures is established by their physico-chemical constants and chemical behaviors. The concurrent formation of the dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-, -dithiin-, (H, H)-dione and the -, (H, H)-dione were observed in, not only heating -chloro--mercapto- (H)-pyridazinones (-) in polar solvent, but warming -mercapto--chloro- (H)-pyridazinones (-) in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF. For the interpretation of the reaction, keto-thioketo carbenes as active intermediate species and a reversible interconversion among them are suggested on the basis of the fact that there was nonexistence of an equilibrium between the two compounds, such as Ia and IIa, under the reaction condition and a trapping keto-thioketo carbene species as -phenylimino--benzylpyridazo [, -]-, -dithiol- (H)-one (IVa) (14% in yield) along with the major products, (Ia) and (IIa), was furnished by warming with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of triethylamine in dry benzene. On the contrary, participation of a reversible interconversion between Ia and IIa, to a considerable extent, with the concurrent formation of them in the case of benzylation of either Ib or IIb, by warming with benzylchloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF at 80°, might not be neglected, because an attempted approach to an equilibrium between Ia and IIa in a similar reaction condition except the use of benzylchloride realized, whereas non-existence of an equilibrium between Ib and IIb in the similar reaction condition was observed.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン (CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，: 両端に有する，: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する 型，である．各種はこれらのうち ～ 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．

C

. medica では + + ，

C

. limon では + + + ，

C

. aurantifolia では + + ，

C

. aurantium では A + + + + ，

C

. sinensis では + + + ，

C

. maxima では A + + + ，

C

. paradisi では A + + + ，

C

. ichangensis では + + 12 + ，

C

. latipes では A + + + ，

C

. micrantha では + 11 + + Dst，

C

. macroptera では + + 11 + + ，

C

. hystrix では + + + + + Dst であった．

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Nine isoquinoline alkaloids belonging to the protoberberine, proaporphine and bisbenzyl-isoquinoline series were isolated from Caryomene olivascens (Menispermaceae). Four compounds are new : (-)--norlimacine (), (-)-caryolivine (), (+)-, -dehydro--norlimacusine () and N-formylstepharine (). The last one is the first N-formyl derivative to be reported in the proaporphine group. Its biogenetic origin is discussed. Structures were established on the basis of 360 MHz (FT) nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and also by chemical correlation in the case of .

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わが国における主要中晩生および香酸カンキツ染色体のクロモマイシン (CMA) 染色を行った. 染色体はCMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から種類に区分できた. すなわち, CMA(+) をA: 両端および動原体近傍に有する, : 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する, : 両端に有する, : 一方の端部に有する, : CMA(+) がない, である. 各種はこれらのうち, 種類の染色体を有し, 独自のCMAバンドパターンを示した. ハッサクではA+++, ヒュウガナツではA+++, ‘川野なつだいだい’ではA+++, ‘宮内伊予柑’ではA++++, タンカン‘垂水号’ではA++++, カボスでは+++, スダチでは+++およびユズ‘山根’では++11+であった. 以上の結果, 本研究においても近縁の種間では似通ったCMAバンドパターンが観察された.

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Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.

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Stereoselective synthesis of the , -syn, , -anti adducts (14 and 16) on the aldol condensation of the Z (O)-lithium enolate, derived from the -enone (), to α-alkoxy aldehydes (12 and 13) was proved via the successive intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction.

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The behavior of the soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading is different from that subjected to sustained loading. The difference in settlement between these two loading patterns should be due to secondary compression over a long period of time. Consequently, soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading tend to be more compressible than those subjected to sustained loading. Therefore, it is necessary for engineers to predict post-construction settlements under repeated loading. In this respect, the preloading is considered to be promising as a countermeasure to reduce the settlement of clay under repeated loading as well as under sustained loading. The effect of preloading on post-construction consolidation settlement of soft clay subjected to repeated loading after removal of a part of preload is investigated in the present paper. It has become clear that the settlement of a clay sample after preconsolidation is mainly affected by the amount of preload, the degree of consolidation due to the preload, the amount of permanent load and the amount of repeated load after removal of preload. The calculated settlement versus time relations using a method to estimate the amount of consolidation settlement of soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading after removal of preloading were compared with the observed degree of consolidation as parameters of the intensities of preload and repeated load.

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