The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On

% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were inoculated onto brain heart infusion (Difco) agar supplemented with penicillin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer and cultivated in a candle extinction jar. L-form colonies became visible after a few days. They continued to grow and were viable for up to 38 days. The extent of inducibility of L forms of N. gonorrhoeae was examined semiquantitatively. It was found to be constant for each type and strain and to depend only slightly on the amount of penicillin added to the medium. None of the types of one strain produced L-form colonies. In another strain, avirulent types(T₃, T₄) showed more ability to produce L forms than virulent types (T₁, ) and no L forms were produced by the subtypes of T₁ and -T_1a and . In a third strain, only T₄ Produced L forms. Electron microscopic studies showed that the L forms consisted of a number of membranous vesicles and a variety of cell types such as those completely lacking cell walls and those with only remnants of cell walls. The results indicate the existence of subtypes of T₁ and of gonococci and the intrinsic inducibility of gonococcal types and strains to produce L forms.

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ブドウの雌性台木3品種(いずれも二倍体)'Millardet et de Grasset 101-14'〔以下'101-14' (x),Vitis riparia Michx × V. rupestris Scheele〕および'Millardet de Grasset 41'〔以下'41' (x), V. berlandieri Planch. × V. vinifera L.〕'Kober ' 〔以下''(x), V. berlandieri × V. riparia〕に雄性台木品種'Teleki C' (V. berlandieri × V. riparia)の四倍体〔以下'C' (4x)〕を交配し,未熟種子から取り出した胚の培養を行った.これら3種類の交配組み合わせにおいて得られた胚のほとんどは球状胚あるいは異常または不定型な形状の胚であった.'101-14' (x)×'C' (4x), '41' (x)×'C' (4x),および'' (x)×'C' (4x)の交配から得られたこのような胚から,それぞれ3,,4個体の三倍体を得た.これらの三倍体のうぢ' (x)と'C' (4x)の交配による1系統(以下-1 (3x))において順化期間中での生育特性を'' (x)および'' (4x)を対照として調査した.-1(3x)における新梢および根の生長ならびに葉の形態は'' (x)と'' (4x)の中間となった.-1(3x), ''(x)および'' (4x)に試験管内接ぎ木した'巨峰'(V. × labruscana Bailey)の順化期間中の生育を比較した.穂木の新梢生長および根の生長は'' (x)台木で最も大きく,次いで-1(3x)台木,'' (4x)台木で最も小さくなった.根の先端部切片とフィロキセラ(Daktulosphairae Fitch)との共存培養において, -1(3x)および'' (4x)は優れたフィロキセラ抵抗性を示した.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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B

. subtilis spores,

E

. coli -1 and

E

. coli /r were bombarded with α-particles and heavy ions of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen accelerated in the IPCR Cyclotron. The RBE versus LET_∞ curve for

B

. subtilis spores showed a maximum peak at ?? 120 keV/μm, while those for

E

. coli -1, and

E

. coli /r declined without any maximum as LET_∞ values increased. In the region of α-particles, the effective inactivation cross section (S_eff) for these three strains increased with increasing LET_∞ and the rates of increase in S_eff in the LET region from ?? 30 to ?? 150 keV/μm were 15.0, 1. and . times for

B

. subtilis spores,

E

. coli -1, and

E

. coli /r, respectively. In the case of

B

. subtilis spores, S_eff values for heavy ions were almost independent of their energies, but the other two strains showed a considerable dependence upon beam energy. The charcteristic LET dependence of S_eff observed in this study was fairly well explained by the target theory based on microdose concept.

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The composition of "group saponin" in soybean seed was analyzed by HPLC, and six kinds of "group saponin, " named Ba, , ', Be, and Be according to elution order from HPLC, were detected. Of these saponins, Ba, , ' and Be were identified with soyasaponin V, I, III and II, respectively. and Be were novel saponins possessing soyasapogenol as the aglycone and the same sugar chain as Ba and , respectively. These saponins were very unstable in the isolated state and had a tendency to form Ba and , respectively. From these results, and Be are presumed to be the precursors of Ba and in soybean seed.

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背景と目的：ステロイド性骨粗鬆症は，積極的な治療介入が必要とされる．その第一選択薬はビスホスホネート製剤（以下ビス）であるが，近年，デノスマブ（以下デノス）も注目を浴びている．ステロイド性骨粗鬆症の骨密度に対する両者の効果を比較検討した．

方法：ステロイド性骨粗鬆症の管理と治療ガイドライン：2014年改訂版の薬物療法開始の基準を満たした患者を対象とした．無治療群（N群）と，治療介入群として当初よりビスで治療した

群，ビス後デノスに変更した群，デノスで治療したDD群，デノス後ビスに変更したDB群を抽出し，ステロイド投与を開始した時，ステロイド性骨粗鬆症に対する治療を開始した時または薬剤変更からカ月後の腰椎，大腿骨頚部と大転子部の骨密度を測定し，それらの変化を統計学的に比較検討した．

結果：149例が抽出され，その内訳は，N群48例，

群24例，群例，DD群21例，DB群34例であった．治療開始時または薬剤変更からカ月後に群を除くすべての治療介入群で腰椎の骨密度が上昇した．大腿骨の骨密度は，群において薬剤変更後に上昇に転じた．

考察：デノスにはビスと同様の骨密度上昇効果があると考えられた．

結論：デノスは，ステロイド性骨粗鬆症治療の第一選択薬となり得る．

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb¹⁵² activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586. keV +→2₁⁺ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M1- mixing ratio, , and the dimensionless ratio X of 0- mixing of the 586. keV transition are obtained to be ≤0.16 and 0.034≤X≤0.038, respectively. The branching ratio (; +→0_g⁺): (; +→2₁⁺): (; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.023 : 1.0 : ..

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1- mixing ratio δ, and the 0- mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=1.52−

0.22

+0.26, and μ_k≤

6

.1×10⁻⁴ respectively. The

E

2

branching ratio

B

(

E

2

;

2₂

+→0_g⁺):

B

(

E

2

;

2₂

+→2₁⁺):

B

(

E

2

;

2₂

+→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:1.0:

5

.86.

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Some existing analytical methods which have been used in geotechnical engineering are modified to handle the shear strength reduction with time due to softening in fissured, over-consolidated clays and mudstones. These are limit equilibrium analysis of slope stability, calculation of earth pressure and calculation of stress and displacement around a tunnel. The softening effect is incorporated in these analyses using the failure criterion and the time-dependent strength parameters proposed previously by the authors. Examples are presented which emphasize the importance of appreciating the softening effect in analyses and further illustrate that the effect of shear strength reduction with time due to softening could easily be captured with existing analytical methods.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,,-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,,-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and .4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, , 3, and did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C- of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of modified open Bankart & Bristow procedure with union of the transferred coracoid process ( union group), with nonunion ( nonunion group) and open Bankart repair (OB group) for traumatic anterior shoulder instability of collision and contact athletes.
Methods: We studied 48 shoulders in union group, 17 shoulders in nonunion group and 18 shoulders in OB group retrospectively. We evaluated the clinical outcome using recurrence rate, return to sports activities, the JSS Shoulder Instability Score (JSS-SIS) and Rowe score.
Results: As for recurrence after surgeries, no cases (0%) in union group, one case (.9%) in nonunion group and 4 cases (.%) in OB group were experienced. Forty three cases (95.%) in union group, 15 cases (88.%) in nonunion group and 12 cases (66.%) in OB group completely returned to their preoperative sports activities on average at 4., 4. and .4 months respectively. The JSS-SIS and Rowe score were 95.4 and 96.0 points in union group, .9 and 92.3 points in nonunion group and . and 76. points in OB group at the time of final investigation. The nonunion group showed similar results to union group these good results were different from OB group results.
Conclusion: It is assumed that stabilizing mechanism of the shoulder for open Bankart & Bristow procedure is not only due to bone block of transferred coracoid process in front of the glenoid neck but also mainly the adhesion of transferred conjoined tendon to subscapularis muscle and the dynamic buttress effect by transferred conjoined tendon across the antero-inferior aspects of the glenohumeral joint.

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