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  • 石原 研而, 長尾 哲
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1983年 23 巻 1 号 19-37
    発行日: 1983/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Using the so-called pseudo-static method, a stability analysis was made for the mountain slide that took place at Mitake-iriya village at the time of the Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake of January 14, 1978. Undisturbed samples of volcanic clay were obtained in blocks from the exposed surface of the deposit identified to have been the sliding surface. The partially saturated clay samples were tested under consolidated undrained conditions using the triaxial test equipment. Dynamic axial stresses with irregular time histories were applied to the specimens in combination with statically sustained axial stresses to determine the soil strength under the conditions simulating in-situ states of stress during the earthquake. The results of the tests were expressed in terms of the Mohr-Coulomb type failure criterion which showed that, while the angle of internal friction remained almost unchanged, the cohesion component in irregular loading increased above values obtained in the static loading. Using the strength parameters thus determined, a pseudo-static analysis was made to check the stability of the soil masses that had actually slid during the 1978 earthquake. The maximum horizontal acceleration required to cause the slide was computed. The computed accelerations were shown to cover a range between 400 and 500 gals which is consistent with the range estimated by other investigators on the basis of overturning of tombstones in the vicinity of the slide area.
  • Philippe Biane
    Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences
    1995年 31 巻 1 号 63-79
    発行日: 1995年
    公開日: 2009/04/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Luis
    E
    . VALLEJO, VINCENT A. SCOVAZZO
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2003年 43 巻 2 号 129-133
    発行日: 2003/04/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    When a mudflow moves down a slope, the gravity induced shear stress, τ, is opposed by the combined effect of the undrained shear strength, cu, of the mud, and its viscosity, η, which is associated with the velocity gradient in the mudflow, dv/dy. In equation form this can be expressed as : τ= cu+η(dv/dy). The resistance provided by the mud involves the contribution of both cu and η. For an understanding of the mobilization mechanics of mudflows, one needs then these two parameters. This study describes two methods that can be used to determine these parameters. The cu of the muds is measured using a cylinder-strength meter devise. The technique associated with this devise consists in lowering a cylinder of known dimension and weight into a mud sample, measuring the depth of penetration of the cylinder into the mud, and calculating the strength, cu, of the mud required to support the solid cylinder at that depth. The cu of the mud is calculated using Sokolovski's theory designed to calculate the indentation pressures developed by a Tresca plastic when a cylinder penetrates it. The determination of the viscosity, η, of the mud is obtained from either the velocity measurements of the free surface of the mudflow, or from the difference between the velocity of the free surface of the mudflow and its velocity at the interface between the mudflow and the surface on which it moves. The viscosity η is obtained from a relationship that relates these velocities with η.
  • 浅岡 顕, 小高 猛司
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 3 号 117-129
    発行日: 1992/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Failure problems of saturated soils are classified in the present study into the following four types : Type I : The failure of loose and/or normally consolidated soils under fully drained loading conditions. Type II : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. Type III : The failure of dense and/or overconsolidated soils under fully drained conditions. Type IV : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. The soil-water coupling limiting equilibrium analysis on the basis of the critical state concept is shown possible to draw a distinction between type I, II and IV problems, and the limitations of the analysis procedure happen in solving the type problem in the above. This is demonstrated experimentally, in which seepage failure experiments in laboratory with the use of a saturated silty sand are employed to make distinctions clearly between the four types of failure problems. The definite distinctions both in failure load and failure mode appeared in the four types of experiments are summarized as follows : (
    1
    ) the smallest failure load in loose sand in the undrained condition, (2) the largest failure load with the largest failure region in dense sand under undrained loading, (
    3
    ) the observation of no global deformation before failure within the soil under the fully drained condition that suggests the development of very localized shear deformation in the sand. Three out of four experiments are described well by the limit analysis computation mentioned above as far as the failure load and the shape and the size of the failure region after boiling failure are concerned, and thus the type III problem is identified to be the problem that should be solved by any other means in near future.
  • Keishi Hata, Fuyuki Sugawara, Naganori Ohisa, Saori Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hori
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2002年 25 巻 8 号 1040-1044
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2002/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    . Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS),
    8
    boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (
    22E
    ,24R)-ergosta-
    7
    ,
    22
    -diene-
    ,
    ,
    -triol (
    1
    ).
    1
    induced ALP activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells by
    1
    , ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (
    3
    ), cholesta-
    ,
    ,
    -triol (4),
    7
    -dehydrocholesterol (
    5
    ) and cholecalciferol (
    6
    ) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells were increased
    3
    .0-fold by 10 μM
    1
    and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2,
    3
    ,
    5
    and
    6
    did not induce MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cell ALP activity at 0.
    1
    —10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-
    5
    and/or C-
    6
    of
    1
    and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells. Furthermore,
    1
    suppressed induction of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cell apoptosis by serum starvation.
  • 三輪 晃一, 長 勝史, 平 瑞樹
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1997年 37 巻 4 号 127-131
    発行日: 1997/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Based on the assumption that an inward- or outward-directed flow perpendicular to a slope exists, this paper describes an experiment and test results. The results are compared with both traditional continuum and single-grain theories presented for the relationship between hydraulic gradient and slope angle. For the case of outward flow, the continuum theory governs the failure mechanism of the Shirasu talus deposit. The single-grain theory controls the failure process for inward flow.
  • Masayuki Yoshikawa, Toshio Morikawa, Ning Li, Akifumi Nagatomo, Xian Li, Hisashi Matsuda
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2005年 53 巻 12 号 1559-1564
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The saponin fraction from the seeds of the tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. KUNTZE (Theaceae)] was found to exhibit potent protective effects on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Five new triterpene saponins, theasaponins
    E3
    (
    1
    ),
    E4
    (2),
    E5
    (
    3
    ),
    E6
    (4), and
    E7
    (
    5
    ), were isolated together with 11 known saponins from the saponin fraction. The chemical structures of
    1
    5
    were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among the isolated saponins, theasaponins
    E1
    (
    6
    ),
    E2
    (
    7
    ), and
    E5
    (
    3
    ) and assamsaponin C (10) showed an inhibitory effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions at a dose of
    5
    .0 mg/kg, p.o. and their activities were stronger than that of omeplazole. With regard to the structure–activity relationships of theasaponins, the following structural requirements for a protective effect on ethanol-induced gastric lesions were suggested;
    1
    ) the 21- and/or
    22
    -acyl groups are essential for the activity, 2) acetylation of the 16-hydroxyl group reduce the activity.
  • Joey
    B
    . Tanney, Leonard J. Hutchison
    Mycoscience
    2012年 53 巻 1 号 31-35
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

    1
    ,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

  • 榎 明潔, 八木 則男, 矢田部 龍一, 一本 英三郎
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1991年 31 巻 2 号 1-13
    発行日: 1991/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that Fs=
    1
    and ∂Fs/∂θ=O, where Fs is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : (
    1
    ) Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and (
    3
    ) All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.
  • KENTARO YUGE, MASANOBU CHINAMI, MASAHISA SHINGU
    The Kurume Medical Journal
    1994年 41 巻 4 号 165-169
    発行日: 1994/12/27
    公開日: 2009/08/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Using two direct introduction methods, DNA synthesis or cell proliferation activities of three purified proteins from
    E
    . coli, namely, human papillomavirus (HPV)
    E
    7
    proteins of type 16, a mutant type 16 (24 C-G) (transformation defective) and type
    6
    b
    , were measured in mouse fibroblast, C127 cells. By a microinjection method, the order of the cell mitotic indexes for the three
    E
    7
    proteins as determined by
    5
    -bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) staining was type 16,
    6
    b
    and 16 (24 C-G). By the osmotic shock method, the
    3H
    -TdR incorporation and coloration by (
    3
    -carboxymethoxy phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetolazorium (MTS) for the three proteins correlated with the pRb binding and focus forming activities previously reported (hunger et al. 1991). These results indicate that the simple osmotic shock method for direct protein introduction may be generally useful for transformation assays of oncoproteins.
  • / 石原 研而, KENJI ISHIHARA
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 4 号 103-119
    発行日: 2000/08/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The flow deformation or strain softening in undrained shear of saturated sand is discussed in this paper. When evaluating the flow of field deposits, the prime issue to be addressed is whether the soil in its in-situ state has the potential to develop flow deformation or not. This paper presents a rational method which allows for such an assessment to be made and aims at quantifying the effects of grain-size distribution on the flow potential of sandy soils. On the basis of existing laboratory and field test results on sandy soils, a flow potential formulation was developed within the framework of the state concept. Here, the SPT blow count was used as a parameter for field characterization of sand deposits whereas the void ratio range (emax-emin) was employed as a measure indicative of the grading properties of sandy soils. It is shown that sands with a large value of void ratio range have a high flow potential, indicating that fines-containing sands are more susceptible to flow than clean sands. Results of this study also suggest that flow with zero residual strength is limited to field deposits with a very low SPT blow count, and that soils with a void ratio range of less than 0.35, such as coarse sands and gravels, are practically safe against flow with zero residual strength.
  • Naoyuki Haba, Yasuhiro Shimizu
    素粒子論研究
    2004年 108 巻 6 号 F59-F60
    発行日: 2004/03/20
    公開日: 2017/10/02
    ジャーナル フリー
  • ―St. Jude Medical valveの抗血栓性について―
    藤田 康雄, 林 純一, 山崎 芳彦, 江口 昭治, 大谷 信一
    人工臓器
    1988年 17 巻 3 号 1133-1136
    発行日: 1988/06/15
    公開日: 2011/10/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    SJM弁の抗血栓性についてS-
    E
    ボール弁との比較検討を行った。S-
    E
    ボール弁で単弁置換をうけた132例と、SJM弁で単弁置換をうけた135例を対象とした。僧帽弁置換群の血栓塞栓症の発生頻度は、S-
    E
    非被覆弁2.14%/患者・年、S-
    E
    被覆弁
    1
    .82%/患者・年、SJM弁
    1
    .69%/患者・年であった。術後
    7
    年のThrombo-embolism Free RateはS-
    E
    非被覆弁で60.
    5
    ±
    7
    .
    5
    %、S-
    E
    被覆弁で
    83
    .9±
    5
    .2%、SJM弁で92.4±
    3
    .
    1
    %であった。大動脈弁置換群の血栓塞栓症の発生頻度は、S-
    E
    非被覆弁
    1
    .36%/患者・年、S-
    E
    被覆弁、SJM弁では0であった。術後
    7
    年のThromboembolism Free RateはS-
    E
    非被覆弁75.
    6
    ±10.
    6
    %、S-
    E
    被覆弁
    80
    .0±10.
    3
    %、SJM弁96.
    7
    ±
    3
    .
    3
    %であった。SJM弁の抗血栓性はS-
    E
    非被覆弁に比し良好であったが、S-
    E
    被覆弁に比べ著しく向上したとはいえず、近年における血栓塞栓症の減少には厳重な抗凝固療法の施行も寄与していると考えられる。
  • Cbesseredes HORTS
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
    発行日: 1982/12/15
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Suk-Kyung LIM, Keum-Gi LIM, Hee-Soo LEE, Suk-Chan JUNG, Mun-Il KANG, Hyang-Mi NAM
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
    2010年 72 巻 5 号 611-614
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2010/06/04
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2009/12/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    A total of 176
    E
    . coli
    isolates were retrieved from 203 diarrheic fecal samples collected from Korean cattle on 117 different farms. The most frequently observed resistance in
    E
    . coli
    isolates was to tetracycline (88.
    6
    %), followed by streptomycin (
    80
    .
    7
    %) and ampicillin (64.
    8
    %). Resistance to cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefepime and amikacin was very low. Of the 176
    E
    . coli
    strains, forty (
    22
    .
    7
    %) isolates from 30 farms showed resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ). All the FQ-resistant strains possessed double mutations at codons
    83
    and 87 in the gyrA gene, and a single mutation mostly at codon
    80
    in the parC gene, except in one isolate. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the FQ-resistant
    E
    . coli
    isolates were heterogeneous, but two or three isolates that showed an identical pattern originated from the same or different farms. This study demonstrates that FQ resistance is frequently observed in
    E
    . coli
    from diarrheic cattle and that mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region are the same as those seen in
    E
    . coli
    originating from other animal species and humans. The FQ resistance in diarrheic cattle might have been mostly acquired independently, although the possibility of transmission of FQ-resistant
    E
    . coli
    within a farm or between farms is plausible.
  • PIETRO DE RUGGIERI, Carmelo Gandolfi, Umberto Guzzi
    International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products
    1964年 1964 巻 E-7-3
    発行日: 1964/04/12
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • 三石 剛
    日本医科大学医学会雑誌
    2007年 3 巻 4 号 170-178
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) represent a family of diverse DNA viruses consisting of more than 100 types and have been extensively studied as an etiological factor in benign and malignant tumors. In malignant epithelial lesions, the mechanism by which two
    E
    6
    and
    E
    7
    proteins of the high risk HPV types, HPV 16 and 18 interact with cellular factors in deregulating the normal growth of the cells, has been well described by many authors. The
    E
    6
    and
    E
    7
    proteins are consistently expressed in HPV-associated malignant tumor and
    E
    6
    binding to the p53 gene mediated by the
    E
    6
    -associated protein ligase turned out to be important. In contrast important function of
    E
    7
    was demonstrated by its binding to pRb and Rb-related proteins. The bindings under phosphorylation of these proteins was degradated by ubiquination and transcription factors of the
    E
    2F regulated cell proliferation. Overall HPV 16 DNA is able to induced modifications in the host cells and immortalizing epithelial cells by stimulating human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein. High risk
    E
    6
    proteins directly interacts with c-myc and c-myc/
    E
    6
    complex activates hTERT protein expression.
    The various methods for detection or cloning of HPV DNA are summarized in this manuscript. PCR method has been become an established technique for detecting a large number of HPV DNAs. In particular PCR-RFLP is a simple and useful method for identifying the specific HPV types. However many modifications of the methods have been developed. Recently clinical trials are being conducted to test the preventive efficacy of HPV vaccines, directed against HPV 16 and 18 in Japan. In the future the therapeutic efficacy of HPV vaccines are required to prevent cervical cancer and other HPV associated cutaneous carcinomas.
  • 馬場 輝郎
    照明学会雑誌
    1968年 52 巻 3 号 107-111
    発行日: 1968/03/25
    公開日: 2011/07/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • T BAKER, C. RANGACHARYULU
    日本物理学会講演概要集
    1999年 54.2.1 巻 23pSM-6
    発行日: 1999/09/13
    公開日: 2018/03/04
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • YUICHI HASHIMOTO, HIROYUKI KAGECHIKA, EMIKO KAWACHI, KOICHI SHUDO
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1987年 35 巻 8 号 3190-3194
    発行日: 1987/08/25
    公開日: 2009/10/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    New-type inducers of differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, i.
    e
    .
    , 4- (
    5
    ,
    6
    ,
    7
    ,
    8
    -tetrahydro-
    5
    ,
    5
    ,
    8
    ,
    8
    -tetramethyl-2-naphthalenylcarbamoyl) benzoic acid (Am
    80
    ) and (
    E
    ) -4- [
    3
    - (
    3
    ,
    5
    -di-tert-butylphenyl) -
    3
    -oxo-l-propenyl] benzoic acid (Ch 55), suppress c-myc expression as all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) does. The decreased level of c-myc expression was detected within
    5
    -14 h after the start of treatment, and preceded morphological differentiation and functional differentiation measured in terms of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. Treatment of HL-60 cells with 0.
    1
    μm Am
    80
    , Ch 55 or RA for 96 h caused more than 90% suppression of c-myc expression and around 10-fold increase in the percentage of NBT-positive cells.
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