The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M- mixing ratio δ, and the 0- mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818.7 keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=−+0.26, and μ_k≤.×10⁻⁴ respectively. The branching ratio (; +→0_g⁺): (; +→2₁⁺): (; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:.0:5..

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in (.%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), blaCMY-

2

(

22

), blaCTX-M-

3

(16), blaCTX-M-

1

(15), blaOXA-

1

(

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (

3

) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group

A₁

(35.8%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.

1

%),

B

1

(15.8%),

D₁

(

9

.5%), A₀ (7.4%),

B2₂

(5.

3

%) and

B2₃

(4.

2

%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(

6

’)-Ib-cr,

qnrS1

and qnrB10 were detected in 25.

3

, 10.5 and

1

.

1

% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.8% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.

2

%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2

. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT- cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-7,-diene-,5α,-triol (). induced ALP activities of MCT- cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT- cells by , ergosterol (), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,5α,-triol (4), 7-dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT- cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM and .4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, , , 5 and did not induce MCT- cell ALP activity at 0.—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C- of and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT- cells. Furthermore, suppressed induction of MCT- cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Agaricus blazei is an important fungus for producing bioactive compounds. There are some reports of polysaccharides and steroid derivatives from the fruiting bodies of A. blazei. However, the chemical examination of the secondary metabolites of the cultured mycelia of this species has not been reported. Eight compounds, an unprecedented skeleton have been isolated from the cultured mycelia of A. blazei. The structures of the novel compounds each named blazeispirols A (), (), C (), (4), (5) X(), Y (7) and Z (8) were confirmed by extensive and NMR spectral data and X-ray analysis. Blazeispirols A (), (), C (), (4) and (5) were des-A-ergostane type compounds having spiroacetal structure as a side chain. Blazeispirols X () and Y (7) were determined to be (20S, S, 23R, 24S)- (10→) abeo-14β, :, 25-diepoxyergosta-5,7,,11-tetraene-α,23-diol and (20S, S, 23R, 24S)-14β,:,25-diepoxy-,23-dihydroxyergosta-4,7,11-triene-,-dione by comparison of extensive and NMR spectral data with that of blazeispirol A. The biosynthesis of blazeispirol A was investigated by feeding ^<13>C-labeled acetates and methionine to the growing cultures of A. blazei. The labeling patterns of derived from singly and doubly ^<13>C-labeled acetates were consistent with that of ergosterol reported previously except for the A-ring and then ^<14>C-labeled ergosterol was incorporated into blazeispirol A. Taking the structures of blazeispirols Z and into consideration, it can be assumed that blazeispirol A is biosynthesized from ergosterol by the cleavage of C-4, C-5 and C-, C-10 bonds on retro aldol condensation and Michael reaction via such as intermediate A as shown in Fig. 4. A large number of ergostane-type steroids have been isolated from many fungi. However, blazeispirol A is the first example of a naturally occurring des-A-ergostane-type steroid including a spiroacetal structure moiety as a side chain.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb¹⁵² activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586.7 keV +→2₁⁺ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M- mixing ratio, , and the dimensionless ratio X of 0- mixing of the 586.7 keV transition are obtained to be ≤0.16 and 0.034≤X≤0.038, respectively. The branching ratio (; +→0_g⁺): (; +→2₁⁺): (; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.023 : .0 : 5..

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Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus G_max and the undrained shear strength c_u with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey G_f. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding G_max behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate c_u"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory K_o test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".

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CDは成熟細胞上に発現されるリンパ球特異的接着分子である。最近の研究で、CDはイムノグロブリンスーパーファミリーメンバーの構造をしているものの、その機能的特質はシアル酸特異的レクチンの特質を持つことが示された。CDのユニークさは、特異的な結合のシアル酸のみを認識し、α,シアル酸転移酵素によるCD自身のシアル化によって接着分子としての機能を捨て去ることができるという報告によってはっきり示される。白血球特異的ホスホチロシンホスファターゼであるCD45もCDによって認識されるシアロ糖タンパク質であることが発見されたことは、CDがリンパ球活性化の制御に関係する分子かもしれないという興味深い可能性を増すものである。この総説はCD分子とその推測される機能についての私たちの最近の知識を要約したものである。

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.5mol%Ni-.0mol%Mo-.5mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.5mol%Ni-.5mol%Mo-30.5mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.mol%Mo-10.mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.mol%Mo-.8mol%)+MoB=+
:L (1633K, 42.mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.mol%)+Mo=+
:L (1812K, 53.5mol%Ni-33.7mol%Mo-12.8mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.mol%W-17.4mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-7.0mol%W-.0mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.8mol%W-29.8mol%)=++
:L (2115K, 23.8mol%Ni-43.mol%W-33.mol%)+WB=+
:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.mol%W-18.0mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of multivitamin preparations including _, _, _<12> and/or were studied in human male volunteers. The same dosage of 100 mg thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (_) was included in both preparations. However, one preparation (Alinamin EX^<(R)>) included high amounts of 100 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (_), 1500 μg hydroxocobalamin (_<12>) and 100 mg , l-α-tocopherol succinate (). The other (Alinamin A50^<(R)>) included 10 mg riboflavin (_), 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (_), 20 μg cyanocobalamin (_<12>). the results were as follows : ) _ : No difference was observed between AUC of both preparations. T_<max> tended faster in Alinamin EX^<(R)>. ) _ : AUC by administration of Alinamin EX^<(R)> was times larger than in Alinamin A50^<(R)>. ) _<12> : AUC by administration of Alinamin EX^<(R)> was 4 times larger than in Alinamin A50^<(R)>. 4) : A significant increase in plasma was observed by administration of Alinamin EX^<(R)>. AUC represents the area under curve obtained from the blood drug concentration of the time course.

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A method for analyzing the uncertainties involving the use of empirical relationships in design is developed. It is applied to evaluate the reliability of the relationship s_u(mobilized)=(measured), whereby the pertinent uncertainties are analyzed using extensive laboratory and field observed data. On the average, the relationship s_u(mobilized)= (measured) is unbiased and the error implicit in the relationship is about 15%. When cone values are used to infer s'_p, additional uncertainties on the mobilized undrained strength will incur resulting mainly from the calibration uncertainty between σ'_p and the cone values. Alternatively, vane tests may be performed to infer the mobilized strength using Bjerrum correction factor. Results show that uncertainty level associated with using the vane tests is smaller than that using the cone values, provided that similar scatter is observed between measured vane and cone values at a given site. However, prediction of the mobilized strength is even more accurate if direct measurements can be made on the preconsolidation pressure. The proposed probabilistic method also assesses the benefit of additional tests besides comparing the accuracy of using various soil parameters for predicting mobilized undrained strength. Such information is essential for planning cost-effective site characterization program.

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In order to examine the reaction of , 11-dihydrodibenzo [, ] thiepin-11-ones (21) and antimony pentachloride, reaction of various ketones with SbCl₅ or HCl-SbCl₅ was carried out. Tricyclic ketones (a-) gave the corresponding protonation products (a-) but monocyclic ketones, such as diphenylcyclopropenone (13) and γ-pyrone (19) only formed ketone-SbCl₅ adducts ( : ) (12, 18) with SbCl₅ and protonation products (14, 20) with HCl-SbCl₅. Stereochemical considerations were made on the formation mechanism of these products. Reaction of , 11-dihydrodibenzo [, ] thiepin-11-one (21) with SbCl₅ gave the anticipated protonation product () but that of -chloro-, 11-dihydrodibenzo [, ] thiepin-11-one (5) and SbCl₅ resulted in cleavage of the thiepin ring, contrary to expectations, and a compound (23) of undetermined structure was obtained. This compound (23) transited to bis [-(-formylbenzoyl) phenyl] disulfide (24) by hydrolysis.

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Brassinolide analogues, (R, 23R, 24R)-, , , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo-7-oxa-5α-ergostan--one (24-epibrassinolide) (10) and (S, 23S, 24R)-, , , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo-7-oxa-5α-ergostan--one (), were synthesized from brassicasterol (a) in five steps and with ca. 20% overall yield. The key steps are the direct formation of (, 24R)-, 5-cyclo-5α-ergost--en--one (4) from brassicasterol mesylate (), the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 4 to (, 24R)-5α-ergosta-, -dien--one (), and the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the tetrahydroxy 5α-ergostan--ones 7 and 8.

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Chemical synthesis of (, 24R)- and (, 24S)-, 24-dihydroxy--vitamin has been achieved starting with the commercially available dinorcholenic acid acetate. Synthesis involved introduction of the -hydroxy group by a reduction of the , -epoxide generated by epoxidation of the , 4, -trien--one. The side chain on the steroid was then constructed by means of a Wittig reaction followed by introduction of the Δ⁷ bond by standard methods and its protection with -phenyl-, , 4-triazoline-, 5-dione. Subsequent reduction of the hydroxy groups in the steroid side chain followed by reduction of the Diels-Alder addition products yielded the both 24-isomers. The 5, 7-dienes were irradiated and the corresponding vitamin compounds isolated. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to identify individual isomers. The (, 24S)-, 24-hydroxyvitamin compound bound equally well to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor as , 25-dihydroxyvitamin , while the 24R-isomer was approximately ten times less active. In vivo, both isomers were less active than , 25-dihydroxyvitamin ; however, the 24S-isomer was considerably more active than the 24R-isomer approaching the activity of , 25-dihydroxyvitamin .

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From the bark of Robinia pseudo-acadia L., six new triterpene glycosides, Rpbiniosides -J, were isolated and their structures were elucidated as abrisapogenol -O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(→)-β--galactopyranosy(→)-β--glucuronopyranoside (), abrisapogenol -O-α-L-rhamnopyranosy(→)-β--glucopyranosyl(→)-β--glucuronopyranoside (), -O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(→)-β--galactopyranosyl(→)-β--glucuronopyranosyl abrisapogenol -O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (), -O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(→)-β--glucopyranosyl(→)-β--glucuronopyranosyl abrisapogenol --O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), -O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(→)-β--galactopyranosyl(→)-β--glucuronopyranosyl abrisapogenol 30-O-β--apiofuranosyl(→)-β--glucopyranoside (5) and -O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(→)-β--glucopyranosyl(→)-β--glucuronopyanosyl abrisapogenol 30-O-β--apiofuranosyl(→)-β--glucopyranoside (), respectively.

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Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, epigomisin O(), gomisin (7) and angeloylgomisin Q(26), were isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis BAILL.(Schizandraceae), which are used as an antitussive and a tonic under the names of "Hoku-gomisi" in Japan and "Wu-wei-zi" in China. ) The structure of epigomisin O() was elucidated by correlation with known lignans, gomisins O() and N(4). ) Oxidation of 4 with KMnO_4 in a mixture of % NaOH and pyridine gave compounds and 5. Further oxidation of with KMnO_4 gave 5. Reduction of 5 with NaBH_4 afforded deangeloylgomisin (). The structure of gomisin (7) was elucidated by the same reaction to correlate with a known lignan, gomisin (8). ) The cleavage of the methylenedioxy group on the aromatic ring with Pb(OAc)_4 in dry benzene into diphenol was studied(19-→19-). The structure of angeloylgomisin Q(26) was elucidated by the use of the above reaction to correlate with .

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