By employing an undrained cyclic loading ring-shear apparatus, a series of tests to reproduce the dynamic behavior of the Nikawa landslide induced by the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, is conducted. The test sample is Osaka-group coarse sandy soil taken from the landslide. The initial stress condition acting on a soil element in the sliding surface is applied to the sample. Based on the seismic records monitored at the JR Takarazuka Station, the input seismic wave is synthesized to reproduce the seismic stress acting on the sliding surface. The test results show that the soil failed due to the dynamic loading of the earthquake. The most important results are the excess pore water pressure generation and the acceleration of shear displacement continuing after the main shock. Combined with the grain crushing at the shear zone and the volume reduction in the drained constant-speed ring-shear test, the mechanism of this landslide is interpreted as, shear displacement causing grain crushing in the shear zone and volume reduction, and then resulting in a localized liquefaction phenomenon, "sliding-surface liquefaction". This geotechnical simulation test provides a reasonable interpretation of this highly mobile landslide.

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The rate dependent nature of liquefied sand was investigated by laboratory shear tests. Since previous experience has revealed the many difficulties inherent in maintaining the state of liquefaction of a sandy specimen, new measures were attempted. The test results indicate that the measured shear stress consists of frictional and rate dependent components, and a viscosity coefficient was assessed from the latter component. The measured viscosity varies with the rate of strain as well as the magnitude of strain itself. A similar test on a dry specimen revealed less viscosity and implied that a major part of rate dependency comes from the behavior of pore liquid in the case of water-saturated sand. It was interesting, moreover, that sand with fines was of less viscosity. Finally, a numerical analysis was conducted on a real liquefaction-induced ground deformation and the results were consistent with the observation.

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The Beckmann rearrangement of aliphatic ketone oximes, R(CHs)C=NOH (R=Et (1); n-Pr (2); iso-Pr (3); iso-Bu (4)), with polyphosphoric acid (PPA), polyphosphate ester (PPE), and ester of phosphoric acid (2 P-5 R) was carried out and migratory ratios ((a)/(b) in eq. (1)) were determined, The results are shown in Fig.1, 2, and 3, respectively.
In Fig.1 and 2, the migratory ratios decrease with reaction time and nearly approach to the ratios of anti-alkyl form/syn-alkylform in benzene(A1) or DMSO(A2)except for (3) (See Table 1). From this fact, it has been found that PPA and PPE are inactive for isomerization of the oximes andanti-alkyl oximes rearrange faster than syn-alkyl ones. ln the case of (3), migratery ratios are smaller than Ai or A2. As acetonitrile is detected by GLC, it is presumed that fission has been occurred simultaneously with rearrangement in anti-alkyl oxime (eq. (3)). In the case of 2 P-5 R, all modes of the reaction arethe same as in above, except that the rate of fission is tnuch faster than that in PPA and PPE.
The reaction of anti-alkyl ketone oximes having a bulky grouphas been greatly influenced by the use of sterically demanding catalysts such asPPA, PPE, and 2 P-5 R.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), bla_TEM-1b (42), bla_CMY-2 (), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 () and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.%), followed by group (.1%), B1 (15.%), (.5%), A₀ (7.4%), (5.3%) and B2₃ (4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(

6

’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.5 and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25b:ST131/B2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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Hypothesis: Different alterations of volume between left atrium (LA) and appendage (LAA) can predict clinical outcome of ablation of atrial fibrillation (). Methods: Among 386 consecutive patients (37% non-paroxysmal ), 284 patients with LAD<45 mm and 102 with LAD≥45 mm were assessed. LA diameter (LAD) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography, and volumes of LA and LAA were calculated by 3- CT scan. Results: During mean ±16 months, rate of freedom from recurrence was higher in LAD<45 mm compared with LAD≥45 mm (80.3% vs 61.%, p<0.001). In patients with LAD<45 mm, LAD and LAA volume were significantly greater in patients with recurrence compared with those without recurrence (40.1±3. vs 37.±4.4 mm, p<0.001; 12.±12.2 vs .3±4.0 ml, p=0.042), whereas there was no significant difference in LA volume. In patients with LAD≥45 mm, LAA volume was significantly larger in patients with recurrence than those without recurrence (15.5±. vs 11.±5. ml, p=0.024), however, there was no difference in LAD and LA volume. In patients with LAD<45 mm, LAD was associated with higher recurrence rate (OR 1.127; %CI 1.031–1.232; p=0.008), whereas in patients with LAD≥45 mm, LAA volume independently predicted recurrence after ablation (OR 1.094; %CI 1.003–1.194; p=0.044). Conclusions: Larger LAA volume predicts recurrence after ablation of in patients with enlarged LA. These finding suggests that LAA is an important substrate of in remodeled LA.

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In this paper, constitutive relations for expressing the inelastic behavior of sandy ground expected at the time of a strong earthquake are proposed. These constitutive relations are formulated by a yield function in terms of effective stress ratio and by a plastic potential function which is derived from the stress ratio-plastic strain incremental ratio defined as a function of accumulated volumetric strain. These constitutive relations employ Sekiguchi and Ohta's stress parameter to take account of the effects of rotation of principal stress axis on the deformation characteristics of sand. The Masing rule is modified in such a way that it can be used in the multi-dimensional stress field, and employed in the hardening function in order to express a hysteretic damping. Material constants contained in the proposed constitutive relations can be easily determined by the mechanical tests which are normally conducted in laboratory. The comparison between predicted behaviors by the constitutive relations and results of undrained cyclic shear tests shows that the dynamic strength-deformation characteristics of sand in a wide range of density can be simulated satisfactorily.

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1, an ets-oncogene family transcription factor, has been shown to upregulate transcription from matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes, which confers the invasive phenotype on cancer cells. On the other hand, we have demonstrated by luciferase assay that 1 positively regulates transcription from the p21^waf1/cip1 promoter. Ca. cells were transfected with a metallothionein-inducible 1 expression vector (Ca.MTF) to investigate the relationship between invasive ability and cell cycle modulation caused by 1. MMP- and p21^waf1/cip1 protein were synergistically increased in the ZnCl₂ stimulated CA.MTF cells, and both proteins were identified in the same cells when 1 was induced. These results imply that invasive growth of tumor cells occurs in the static state of the cell cycle and that 1 plays a key role in this phenomenon.

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Realization of a 3- TV system using the present day HDTV is proposed. This system is based on the stereoscopic principles transmitting the left and right eye view images of the object on multiplexed video lines. In the receiver, the video lines are demultiplexed, the missing lines are interpolated and the stereo pair of images are reconstructed in two picture tubes. By means of a bicircularily polarized viewing system, these stereo pair of images are made to offer a true 3- vision. This system takes the advantage of high resolution offered by teh HDTV system and at the same time adds only a minimal complexity to the circuitry of the HDTV transmitter and the receiver for converting the HDTV into 3- TV.

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This paper is concerned with modeling of thermomechanical failure of triaxial specimens of saturated clays of low porosity. Thermomechanical failure manifests itself in undrained conditions as a development of advanced irreversible strains due to heating under constant total stress. In experiments on two clays the failure occured at temperatures from 70° to 90°C. The observed failure is associated with a pore water pressure buildup. Models of thermoplastic behavior of skeleton and of thermal volume changes of adsorbed water are employed to interpret and numerically simulate the test results. Using these models, thermomechanical failure was found to occur when the effective stress is brought to the critical state by expansion of pore water and thermoplastic compressive strain in skeleton.

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Failure modes of embankments or slopes consisting of saturated cohesionless soils during earthquakes may be classified into two types, the one involving a limited amount of permanent deformation such as settlements or lateral bulging on the order of tens of centimeter to meters, and the other in which complete slumping or flow of materials takes place through distances of tens of meters. Associated with seismic risk evaluation of embankments, there are many cases where the occurrence of limited deformation is tolerated but the flow type of failure is never permissible. In such a case, a methodology becomes necessary for evaluating the safety of embankments against the flow type of failure, once it occurs. Post-earthquake stability analysis in which the conventional analysis is made by employing residual strength or steady-state strength of soils is used for this purpose. However, accurate evaluation of in-situ residual strength is a difficult task particularly for cohesionless soils. Thus, it would appear useful if estimates of the residual strength can be made based on the back analysis of several embankments that have suffered the flow type failure during past earthquakes. In the present study, slope stability analyses were made for several earthquake-damaged embankments and tailings dams composed of silty sands or sandy silts to back-calculate the value of residual strength. The ground conditions at the failure sites were investigated by means of the Dutch cone penetration test or by the Swedish cone test. By comparing the values of the back-calculated residual strength with those of the cone resistance, empirical correlations between them are obtained which may be used in turn for the evaluation of residual strength of similar soils on other sites.

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Chemical properties of ergosta-4, , (14), -tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give , -epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, 7, -trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to , 7α;, -diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, -dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy--hydroxyergosta-4, 7, -triene-3, -dione (4) under these reaction conditions.

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Fairly typical Maillard-type reaction products were obtained from the lysine-lactose browning system. These substances gave positive ninhy-drin (17), orcinol (16) and LOWRY (19) reactions and fraction , P₁ and P₃ showed fairly higher sugar content. Fractions , and P₁ contain .4 and 21.% of sugar, respectively. Fractions and P₁ yielded . and .44% of free lysine, respectively, i.

e

. this corresponded to 25 and 24% of their original total nitrogen levels. A preliminary in vitro test of the fractions (P₁ and P₃) using M. tuberculosis H₃₇P_v suggests some growth stimulation properties.

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Background: Atrial fibrillation () sometimes cause heart failure (HF) even if a patient has preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function, but there is unclear what factor lead to heart failure. Methods and Results: From 2008 Sep to 2010 Sep, 180 patients with divide decompensate group (DECO, n=33) is led into NYHA III or IV HF and not decompensate group (NOR, n=147) is otherwise. We exclude under ejection fraction (EF) 55%, adaptation of valvular disease. Data are described consecutively DECO and NOR. Age is 75.3±.5, 65.1±12. (p<0.0001). Male gender is 45.5% and 71.4% (p=0.004). Hypertension is 93.%, 59.% (p=0.0002). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is 33.3% and 12.% (p=0.0045). Ischemic heart disease is 21.2% and .% (p=0.01). Chronic kidney disease is 21.2% and .2% (p=0.028). Left atrial diameter is 43.3±7. mm and 39.1±.0 mm (p=0.0008). The ′ is 5.1±1. cm/s and 7.2±2.1 cm/s (p<0.0001). /′ is 19.0±12.0 and 11.2±4.5 (p<0.0001). Heart rate on attack is 136±20 bpm and 121±37 bpm (p=0.052). Diabetes mellitus, stroke, valvular disease, medications, LV diastolic diameter, LV systolic diameter, EF, and /A have no significant difference. Multivariable logistic regression analysis shows that /′ and age have relative risks 1.138 (%CI, 1.026–1.261) and 1.069 (%CI, 1.008–1.133), respectively. Conclusion: /′ and age are independent predictors of HF when patient fall into paroxysmal with preserved systolic function.

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Elastic wave propagation in saturated soil is investigated in order to grasp the frequency dependent wave propagation property of actual soil. First, a closed form solution of Biot's equation is derived under a one-directional wave propagation condition. Then, the frequency dependent properties of waves in various soils such as clay, silt, sand, gravel and soft rock are computed and discussed. The behavior is shown to be classified into three states : low frequency, high frequency and transient. Properties hardly change in the low and high frequency states. The degree of saturation is shown to hardly affect the shear wave property, but it greatly affects the dilatational wave property, especially in a highly saturated condition. Permeability hardly affects the properties at low and high frequency states, but it does change the frequency range of the transient state. Next, the applicability of Biot's formulation is examined and the high frequency state derived from Biot's equation is shown to be valid when permeability is larger than that of silt. Finally, it is shown that various mechanical properties can be evaluated using the frequency dependent characteristics of the wave, some of which are difficult to measure in situ with conventional tools.

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　Conçue comme une négativité infinie et absolue, l’ironie déclenche une déstructuration sémantique et diégétique. Dans En attendant Godot de Beckett， la fonction de chaque discours et de chaque action est systématiquement réduite à une méta-action négative, par quoi on peut définir la notion

’attente. Cette perturbation qui détraque les discours et les actions opère à tous les niveaux de la pièce．C’est la méthode de（dé）construction fondamentale chez Beckett，qui consiste à injecter en permanence de l’ironie pour subvertir l’ordre des choses． La même démarche ironique avait été adoptée par les préromantiques pour surmonter une difficulté soulevée par la philosophie idéaliste，à savoir la division entre les phénomènes et les choses en soi．Marqué par l’influence profonde de la pensée de Schopenhauer，Beckett se place dans le sillage idéaliste des préromantiques，et leur emprunte leur méthode ’évocation de l’inexprimable par le recours à l’ironie．

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Among the rivers damaged by the earthquake, two most severely damaged along the Yodo-gawa River are described. In the left levee, the settlement exceeded 2 m for a length of 1.4 km, with a maximum settlement of 3 m. Sand boils were observed extensively on the ground surface near the damaged dikes. Holocene sandy soil with an SPT N-value of 10 or less existed in the upper part of the subsoil profile. These facts indicate that liquefaction of the soil was the major cause of the embankment damage. The cyclic stress ratio required to cause liquefaction was 0.30 as determined from cyclic triaxial tests on undisturbed samples.

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The objective of this article is to propose and evaluate a sliding-block model to deal with very large displacements of slopes when a horizontal earthquake is applied. The slip surface consists of two inclinations on which full shear resistance is mobilized. Internal shearing exists along a sub-plane that intersects the angle between the two sub-planes that form the external slip surface. The ratio of the distance moved along the two external sub-planes depends on the inclination of the internal sub-plane. If there is a water table line, undrained conditions are assumed during motion and total stress analysis is performed. The governing equations of motion are formulated, analytical solutions are obtained for some cases, and back-analysis of four well-documented slides is performed.

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