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  • 澁谷 啓, 田中 洋行
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 4 号 45-55
    発行日: 1996/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    An empirical equation in use for estimating the pseudo-elastic shear modulus, Gf, of subsoil, associated with shear strains less than
    0
    .001% is proposed in this paper. In a series of in-situ seismic cone tests performed nationwide, the profiles of both Gf and the in-situ void ratio,
    e0
    , with depth were successfully characterised at five sites, each comprising a soft clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. The database which comprised the original data from the field and laboratory tests, coupled with similar information on well-documented Holocene clay deposits in Europe, was statistically analyzed in attempts to determine a generalised relationship with which Gf of soft clay may be reasonably estimated only from routinely available borehole data; that is
    e0
    and the current geostatic effective overburden pressure, σ'v. An empirical relationship, Gf=
    5
    , 000
    e0
    -
    1.5
    √(σ'v) (kPa), was derived from the statistical analysis applied to data from seven different clays worldwide, for which
    e0
    extended over a range between
    1
    and
    5
    , and the overconsolidation ratio ranged roughly between
    1
    and 2. The applicability of the proposed relationship was evaluated for two case records, each in which the clay exhibited unusual behavior; i.
    e
    ., the undrained shear strength remained more or less constant with depth due to the existence of artesian pressure at one site, and, at the other, Gf decreased, whereas
    e0
    increased, with depth. It was demonstrated that even in these clay deposits exhibiting exceptional profiles, the proposed relationship was capable of predicting Gf with a reasonable accuracy by determining the profiles of
    e0
    and σ'v with depth. In addition, the prediction when compared to Gmax from carefully performed laboratory cyclic tests, yielded a better estimate of Gf from the in-situ seismic survey. Despite the fact that the empirical relationship was initially designated to estimate Gf of soft clays, it may be equally applicable to sandy deposits. This was verified by comparing it to similar, and well-established, relationships developed for sands. A case record as such is also described for a loose sand deposit at Higashi-Ohgishima in Tokyo Bay which was placed in 1960's by land reclamation.
  • 尾形 強, 佐藤 治代, 吉田 弘, 猪川 三郎
    日本化学会誌(化学と工業化学)
    1974年 1974 巻 2 号 382-385
    発行日: 1974/02/10
    公開日: 2011/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Beckmann rearrangement of aliphatic ketone oximes, R(CHs)
    C
    =NOH (R=Et (
    1
    ); n-Pr (2); iso-Pr (3); iso-Bu (
    4
    )), with polyphosphoric acid (PPA), polyphosphate ester (PPE), and ester of phosphoric acid (2 P-
    5
    R) was carried out and migratory ratios ((a)/(
    b
    ) in eq. (
    1
    )) were determined, The results are shown in Fig.
    1
    , 2, and 3, respectively.
    In Fig.
    1
    and 2, the migratory ratios decrease with reaction time and nearly approach to the ratios of anti-alkyl form/syn-alkylform in benzene(A
    1
    ) or DMSO(A2)except for (3) (See Table
    1
    ). From this fact, it has been found that PPA and PPE are inactive for isomerization of the oximes andanti-alkyl oximes rearrange faster than syn-alkyl ones. ln the case of (3), migratery ratios are smaller than Ai or A2. As acetonitrile is detected by GLC, it is presumed that fission has been occurred simultaneously with rearrangement in anti-alkyl oxime (eq. (3)). In the case of 2 P-
    5
    R, all modes of the reaction arethe same as in above, except that the rate of fission is tnuch faster than that in PPA and PPE.
    The reaction of anti-alkyl ketone oximes having a bulky grouphas been greatly influenced by the use of sterically demanding catalysts such asPPA, PPE, and 2 P-
    5
    R.
  • George W. Lee
    燃料協会誌
    1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
    発行日: 1973/03/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Cbesseredes HORTS
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
    発行日: 1982/12/15
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 澁谷 啓, 三田地 利之, 黄 聖春
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 3 号 87-100
    発行日: 2000/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus Gmax and the undrained shear strength cu with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey Gf. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding Gmax behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.
    e
    ., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.
    e
    ., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate cu"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory Ko test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".
  • 澁谷 啓, 三田地 利之
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1994年 34 巻 4 号 67-77
    発行日: 1994/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, consideration is given as to how to characterize depth-variation for the small-strain shear modulus of natural clay sedimentation, in a state of normal consolidation. A case study was carried out for a relatively uniform clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. Initially, the effects of both strain and in-situ stress levels on secant shear modulus were carefully examined in cyclic torsion shear tests using undisturbed samples, which were recovered at different depths in a test borehole. The range of shear strain examined was between
    0
    .001% and
    1
    %. Similar examination was made for a silty clay using reconstituted samples that were isotropically consolidated at different stress levels. On the basis of the results of these laboratory tests, together with the shear modulus from an in-situ seismic survey, the small-strain shear modulus was formulated in terms of the stress and strain levels, and linked also to undrained shear strength. Interactions of the small strain stiffness between in-situ and laboratory are discussed in depth with an attention paid to the existing aging effect in the original subsurface condition.
  • 黒川 美貴雄, 吉田 耕治, 永井 保嵩, 宇野 準
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1983年 31 巻 12 号 4312-4318
    発行日: 1983/12/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems,
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] oxepins (3a and 3
    b
    ), and -thiepins (
    4
    a and
    4
    b
    ) were synthesized. Compounds
    4
    a and
    4
    b
    were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10
    b
    ). Deuterated
    4
    a and
    4
    b
    (11a and 11
    b
    ) were prepared starting from butadiene-
    d6
    (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3
    b
    (cis),
    4
    a (trans) and
    4
    b
    (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10
    b
    , 11a and 11
    b
    on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.
  • 汪 発武, 佐々 恭二, 福岡 浩
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 1 号 35-46
    発行日: 2000/02/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    By employing an undrained cyclic loading ring-shear apparatus, a series of tests to reproduce the dynamic behavior of the Nikawa landslide induced by the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, is conducted. The test sample is Osaka-group coarse sandy soil taken from the landslide. The initial stress condition acting on a soil element in the sliding surface is applied to the sample. Based on the seismic records monitored at the JR Takarazuka Station, the input seismic wave is synthesized to reproduce the seismic stress acting on the sliding surface. The test results show that the soil failed due to the dynamic loading of the earthquake. The most important results are the excess pore water pressure generation and the acceleration of shear displacement continuing after the main shock. Combined with the grain crushing at the shear zone and the volume reduction in the drained constant-speed ring-shear test, the mechanism of this landslide is interpreted as, shear displacement causing grain crushing in the shear zone and volume reduction, and then resulting in a localized liquefaction phenomenon, "sliding-surface liquefaction". This geotechnical simulation test provides a reasonable interpretation of this highly mobile landslide.
  • /, 龍岡 文夫, FUMIO TATSUOKA
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1997年 37 巻 4 号 121-126
    発行日: 1997/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The design implication of stress-confinement effect of nonwoven geotextile is addressed. The unconfined and confined strengths of a selected needle-punched nonwoven geotextile are used to conduct a comparative design of a granular soil retaining wall based on a limit equilibrium approach. A higher wall may be allowed when considering the confined strength as compared to the unconfined strength. For a selected wall height, confined strength allows for fewer geotextile layers when compared to that designed using unconfined strength. It is recommended that stress-confinement test procedure should be standardized so that confinement effect of some nonwoven geotextiles may be incorporated into an individual wall design procedure.
  • FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, MARIE-LOUISE CAPMAU, ERÉDÉRIC TANGY, ELIANE CAMINADE
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1980年 33 巻 8 号 895-899
    発行日: 1980年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    (3H) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity binding site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin.
  • S. SICSIC, J.
    F
    . LE BIGOT,
    C
    . VINCENT,
    C
    . CERCEAU,
    F
    . LE GOFFIC
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1982年 35 巻 5 号 574-579
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    The activities of tobramycin derivatives acetylated and ethylated on the
    6
    '-N, 2'-N and 3-N positions were examined. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin sensitive strains indicated that 2'-N-ethylated and
    6
    '-N-ethylated derivatives have a fairly good activity, and confirmed that the 3-N position is the most important one for antibiotic activity since 3-N derivatives were less active. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin resistant strains, and their inactivation by tobramycin modifying enzymes were examined. These results showed that 2'-N or
    6
    '-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(2') or AAC(
    6
    '), respectively, and 2'-N-ethyltobramycin and
    6
    '-N-ethyltobramycin were active against strains containing these modifying enzymes. On the other hand, 3-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(3) but 3-N-ethyl tobramycin does not inhibit strains containing this enzyme.
  • 榎 明潔, 八木 則男, 矢田部 龍一, 一本 英三郎
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1991年 31 巻 2 号 1-13
    発行日: 1991/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that Fs=
    1
    and ∂Fs/∂θ=O, where Fs is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : (
    1
    ) Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and (3) All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.
  • FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, FRÉDÉRIC TANGY, BERNARD MOREAU
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1979年 32 巻 12 号 1288-1292
    発行日: 1979年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    A sample of [3H] tobrarnycin (
    5
    , 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
    the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
    two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
    protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
    tiirough of the messenger RNA.
  • OSAMU MATSUO
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 Special 号 235-240
    発行日: 1996年
    公開日: 2012/08/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Among the rivers damaged by the earthquake, two most severely damaged along the Yodo-gawa River are described. In the left levee, the settlement exceeded 2 m for a length of
    1
    .
    4
    km, with a maximum settlement of 3 m. Sand boils were observed extensively on the ground surface near the damaged dikes. Holocene sandy soil with an SPT N-value of 10 or less existed in the upper part of the subsoil profile. These facts indicate that liquefaction of the soil was the major cause of the embankment damage. The cyclic stress ratio required to cause liquefaction was
    0
    .30 as determined from cyclic triaxial tests on undisturbed samples.
  • Grover Loening
    日本航空学会誌
    1963年 11 巻 119 号 373-380
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2009/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • PANOS DAKOULAS, HUMAYUN HASHMI
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 2 号 97-110
    発行日: 1992/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    An analytical model is presented for steady-state lateral response of earthfill and rockfill dams in canyons subjected to a steady train of harmonic SH waves incident at an arbitrary angle θ. The dam is idealized as a 2-dimensional shear beam with a triangular cross-section, while the canyon is considered rectangular and consisting of elastic rock. A parametric study is undertaken to investigate the influence on the steady-state response of (a) the angle of incidence θ of the incoming waves, (
    b
    ) the impedance ratio and (
    c
    ) the canyon narrowness. It is shown that the acceleration amplification is considerably less for a dam built in flexible canyon than for a dam in a rigid canyon and, hence, the effect of radiation damping may be very important. For obliquely incident waves travelling from the left to the right, the response of the dam depends mainly on the interference of the waves transmitted through the base and the left boundary, leading to a maximum response at a θ about 30°-35°. For very long dams subjected to high frequency obliquely incident waves, it is found that there is no amplification of the motion by the dam. For low-frequency excitation, the response of the dam shows little variation along the crest and approaches the response of the elastic half-space. The results are in agreement with published results for the response of alluvial valleys subjected to incident SH waves.
  • CONSTANTINE A. STAMATOPOULOS, ELENI G. VELGAKI, SARADA K. SARMA
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 6 号 61-75
    発行日: 2000/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The objective of this article is to propose and evaluate a sliding-block model to deal with very large displacements of slopes when a horizontal earthquake is applied. The slip surface consists of two inclinations on which full shear resistance is mobilized. Internal shearing exists along a sub-plane that intersects the angle between the two sub-planes that form the external slip surface. The ratio of the distance moved along the two external sub-planes depends on the inclination of the internal sub-plane. If there is a water table line, undrained conditions are assumed during motion and total stress analysis is performed. The governing equations of motion are formulated, analytical solutions are obtained for some cases, and back-analysis of four well-documented slides is performed.
  • HOE I. LING, DOV LESHCHINSKY
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1995年 35 巻 2 号 85-94
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper is concerned with an extension of a rotational limit equilibrium method for determining the permanent displacements of slopes under seismic excitation. In the proposed procedure, the sliding mass is treated as a rigid rotating body defined by a log spiral trace. Permanent displacements are obtained by double-integration of the equation of motion in a manner similar to Newmark's translational sliding block method. The seismic slope stability analysis is based on the rotational (variational) limit equilibrium approach. This stability analysis was verified with dynamic experimental results obtained from centrifuge model testing. A series of parametric studies was conducted on"unstable"slopes, investigating the effects of soil properties and characteristics of excitation on the magnitude of permanent displacements. The higher the frictional angle, the smaller the permanent displacement of the slope is. Low excitation frequency yields larger slope displacement if the excitation is extended for the same time period of time. The effect of frequency becomes less distinct when a larger value of yield seismic coefficient is used. The proposed procedures produce a rational criterion to evaluate the seismic performance of simple slopes. This criterion is based on permanent displacement limit rather than factor of safety alone.
  • Yasuhiro SUGIMOTO, Kazuma SAKATOH
    IEICE Transactions on Electronics
    2013年 E96.C 巻 6 号 867-874
    発行日: 2013/06/01
    公開日: 2013/06/01
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS
    7
    th-order Gm-
    C
    linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a
    7
    th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -3dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, 3rd-order distortion, and 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.3dBm, respectively, all with a ±
    0
    .
    1
    Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a
    1
    .2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.
  • 藤原 東雄, 上 俊二
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1990年 30 巻 1 号 76-86
    発行日: 1990/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The behavior of the soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading is different from that subjected to sustained loading. The difference in settlement between these two loading patterns should be due to secondary compression over a long period of time. Consequently, soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading tend to be more compressible than those subjected to sustained loading. Therefore, it is necessary for engineers to predict post-construction settlements under repeated loading. In this respect, the preloading is considered to be promising as a countermeasure to reduce the settlement of clay under repeated loading as well as under sustained loading. The effect of preloading on post-construction consolidation settlement of soft clay subjected to repeated loading after removal of a part of preload is investigated in the present paper. It has become clear that the settlement of a clay sample after preconsolidation is mainly affected by the amount of preload, the degree of consolidation due to the preload, the amount of permanent load and the amount of repeated load after removal of preload. The calculated settlement versus time relations using a method to estimate the amount of consolidation settlement of soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading after removal of preloading were compared with the observed degree of consolidation as parameters of the intensities of preload and repeated load.
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