Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, rd-order distortion, and rd-order input intercept point (IIP) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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The main objective of this paper is to compare safety factors obtained from Morgenstern-Price, Janbu and Spencer methods with the factors calculated from the modified variational approach (Leshchinsky and Huang, 1992a). Such comparison is essential since there is no mathematical proof that the variational analysis indeed yields a minimum and thus, physically produce significant results. The safety factors compared well, indicating the variational analysis is on a par with acceptable existing rigorous methods. Availability of a user-friendly computer code may make the variational analysis useful to practicing engineers. However, its greatest potential at the moment is in -D applications; i.., unlike other methods, its extension to -D is straightforward.

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(,)-2,-エポキシ-,,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-,-ジエン(2)をフムレン1((2,,)-,,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-2,,-トリエン)より合成する既知の合成法は実際に牧率が低く合成的に問題がある.さらに,2の合成はその反応性や物性の研究のために簡単に高牧率で行われることが望まれる.今回,2の新たな合成法と簡便な精製法を見いだし,2を高牧率で1から合成することができたので報告する.1のジエポキシ化,続く再結晶により得られたジエポキシド(8)は二価のチタンにより還元されて,1(273%)と8(25%)と少量のを含む2を主生成物(42.%)として与えた.1とは原料として再利用できる.2の精製は1と同様硝酸銀()錯体の結晶で行い,純粋な2は1から通算牧率32.0%で得られた.2の既知方法による合成は段階の反応と数回のカラム分離及び10%含浸シリカゲルカラム分離を必要とし牧率が極端に低い.今回,新しい2の合成法は2段階の反応で1回のカラム分離と再結晶により高い通算牧率を示す.

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A procedure for limit equilibrium slope analysis based on a realistic consideration of the mobilized interslice shear forces is presented in this paper. This new approach ensures that solutions are kinematically admissible and the possibility of convergence problems, often associated with numerical solutions, is minimized. The proposed approach recognizes the importance of slip surface geometry in estimating interslice shear forces whether vertical or non-vertical slices are used in a limit equilibrium analysis. Illustrative examples are presented and the results shown to be reasonable. The calculated factors of safety based on the new method compare very well with values based on recognized methods of analysis. Yet the method is more direct and enables a proper visualization of the transfer of mobilized normal and shear forces through a sloping soil mass above a potential slip surface. The method also gives consistent results with non-vertical slices even if the shape of non-vertical slices is varied.

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It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that F_s=1 and ∂F_s/∂θ=O, where F_s is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : (1) Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and () All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.

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A biosynthetic pathway for (

)-methyl cinnamate formation was evaluated in Tricholoma matsutake by tracer experiments using

13C

- and ²H-labeled precursors. One hundred percent selective

13C

incorporation was observed when L-[1,2,

3

,

4

,

5

,

6

,

7

,8,

9

-

13C₉

, ^15/N]phenylalanine was converted to (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,

4

,

5

,

6

,

7

,8,

9

-

13C₉

]cinnamate and (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,

4

,

5

,

6

,

7

,8,

9

-

13C₉

]methyl cinnamate. Similarly, 100% selective

13C

incorporation was observed when (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,

4

,

5

,

6

,

7

,8,

9

-

13C₉

]cinnamate was converted to (

E

)-[1,2,

3

,

4

,

5

,

6

,

7

,8,

9

-

13C₉

]methyl cinnamate. In contrast, the ²H incorporation selectivities were 82.1% and

81

.

4

% when L-[2,

3

,

4

,

5

,

6

,

7

,

7

,8-²H₈]phenylalanine was converted to (

E

)-[2,

3

,

4

,

5

,

6

,

7

,8-

2H₇

]cinnamate and (

E

)-[2,

3

,

4

,

5

,

6

,

7

,8-

2H₇

]methyl cinnamate, respectively. Thus, T. matsutake synthesizes (

E

)-methyl cinnamate from L-phenylalanine via (

E

)-cinnamate. (

E

)-cinnamate was likely formed through two pathways: one was major and the other was a minor.

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A new analytical method is proposed for determining the inextensible grid reinforcement pullout resistance and pullout force/pullout displacement curve by using basic backfill soil and grid reinforcement properties. The pullout skin friction resistance/pullout displacement relationship is simulated by linear elastic-perfectly plastic model. A hyperbolic model has been proposed to represent the pullout bearing resistance/pullout displacement relationship in which the maximum bearing resistance of a single bearing member is determined using a new bearing capacity equation proposed in this paper. The influences of the grid bearing member spacing ratio, S/D, the bearing member deflection rigidity, and the pullout softening behavior on the mobilization of pullout bearing resistance are explicitly included in the proposed model. Good agreement has been obtained between calculated values and laboratory test results.

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From the fronds of Polystichum tripteron (KUNZE) P_R. a new norcarotenoid glycoside was isolated and shown to be (R, , R)--hydroxy-megastigma-, -dien--one--O-β-D-glucoside. The fronds of Dennstaedtia wilfordii (MOORE) CHRIST. contain the same glucoside.

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This paper presents the results of 24 centrifuge model tests of nailed soil slopes and vertical walls, constructed out of dry Leighton buzzard sand. The walls were initially supported by fluid pressure from flexible rubber bags against the face, and excavation was modelled by gradually draining the fluid from the bags. The finished model walls were 200 mm high and were initially tested at 30 g acceleration to correspond to a prototype structure .0 m high. If failure was not obtained, the acceleration was increased progressively to a maximum of 80 g. No surcharges were applied. The main parameters varied in the tests were the wall slope, nail length, nail surface roughness, nail inclination, facing stiffness and facing roughness. Observations were made of the mechanism of failure when it occurred, of soil pressures on the facing, and of pre-failure deformations. Failure was always by pull-out rather than breakage of the nails, and a series of pull-out tests of the model nails was conducted to aid interpretation of the results. Failure surfaces were seen to have the shape of logarithmic spirals, and limit equilibrium analyses based on these surfaces agreed well with experimental observations. Prior to failure, earth pressures on the facing compared reasonably well with those calculated by Coulomb's method, except at the base of the wall. One test set out to model a full-scale trial wall, and although the construction process could not be exactly modelled in the small-scale centrifuge tests, comparisons were sufficiently good to give confidence in the model test results.

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This paper deals with the overall stability of an embankment foundation failure that lies at km 40+700 of the new Irbid-Amman Highway in Jordan. Slope stability back analysis was carried out for the slope to assess the conditions at time of failure, and estimate most representative shear strength parameters of foundation materials. Slope stability analysis was also carried out for proposed remedies. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis was carried out for the landslide site. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) value of 0.2 g was estimated for design. This corresponds to a 90% probability of non-exceedence in a 50 year design life of the highway. Pseudo-static slope stability analysis was also carried out. The study concluded that the landslide movement occurred within the foundation colluvium material. It resulted primarily from the excessive load of the embankment and excess piezometric pressures generated within the slope. The most feasible remedial measure to stabilize the landslide area was removal of existing failed embankment down to the top of sandstone layer, and reconstruction (using imported free-drainage rockfill) of a split level embankment together with the construction of surface and subsurface drainage system. These measures were successfully implemented in the field.

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To remove some weak points of the limit equilibrium slope stability method, the authors have tried so far to develop a hybrid slope stability analysis method, in which stress and strain developed in a slope are determined by the finite element method, while the basic concept of the limit equilibrium method is adopted in the overall stability analysis. In this paper, first, the theory behind the hybrid slope stability analysis method is presented, together with the comparison of the proposed hybrid method and the conventional Bishop's method. Then, reinforcement mechanism and stability characteristics of the reinforced slope cutting are examined through numerical examples by the proposed method. Finally, practical application of the proposed method to an in-situ reinforcement slope stabilization project is presented. In consequence, the applicability and simplicity of the proposed method to the practical design works of reinforcement slope stabilization are demonstrated in success.

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Nアルキル,:,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸モノアンヒドリド=モノイミド[a～]と芳香族アミン(アニリン,p-トルイジン,p-アニシジン,,-キシリジン,-アミノナゾベンゼン,およびo-フェニレンジアミン)を縮合して非対称型,:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体-N-アルキル-N'-アリール-,:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(〔a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,〔8a～〕,〔a～〕,および〔10a～b〕)を合成した. これらの各誘導体はすべて赤色系の色相を示し, 顔料試験の結果N-ブチル-N'-アリール-,:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(たとえば〔〕や〔〕)がとくにすぐれた耐光性を示した.

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