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  • 澁谷 啓, 三田地 利之, 黄 聖春
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 3 号 87-100
    発行日: 2000/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus Gmax and the undrained shear strength cu with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey Gf. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding Gmax behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.
    e
    ., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.
    e
    ., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate cu"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory Ko test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".
  • 廣谷 正男, 金子 麻美, 廣谷 聖子, 浅田 善久, 吉川 孝文
    天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集
    2000年 42 巻 48/P-13
    発行日: 2000/10/01
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Agaricus blazei is an important fungus for producing bioactive compounds. There are some reports of polysaccharides and steroid derivatives from the fruiting bodies of A. blazei. However, the chemical examination of the secondary metabolites of the cultured mycelia of this species has not been reported. Eight compounds, an unprecedented skeleton have been isolated from the cultured mycelia of A. blazei. The structures of the novel compounds each named blazeispirols A (
    1
    ),
    B
    (2),
    C
    (3),
    D
    (4),
    E
    (5) X(
    6
    ), Y (7) and Z (8) were confirmed by extensive
    1
    D
    and 2
    D
    NMR spectral data and X-ray analysis. Blazeispirols A (
    1
    ),
    B
    (2),
    C
    (3),
    D
    (4) and
    E
    (5) were des-A-ergostane type compounds having spiroacetal structure as a side chain. Blazeispirols X (
    6
    ) and Y (7) were determined to be (20S,
    22
    S, 23R, 24S)-
    1
    (10→
    6
    ) abeo-14β,
    22
    :
    22
    , 25-diepoxyergosta-5,7,
    9
    ,11-tetraene-3α,23-diol and (20S,
    22
    S, 23R, 24S)-14β,
    22
    :
    22
    ,25-diepoxy-
    9
    ,23-dihydroxyergosta-4,7,11-triene-3,
    6
    -dione by comparison of extensive
    1
    D
    and 2
    D
    NMR spectral data with that of blazeispirol A. The biosynthesis of blazeispirol A was investigated by feeding ^<13>
    C
    -labeled acetates and methionine to the growing cultures of A. blazei. The labeling patterns of
    1
    derived from singly and doubly ^<13>
    C
    -labeled acetates were consistent with that of ergosterol reported previously except for the A-ring and then ^<14>
    C
    -labeled ergosterol was incorporated into blazeispirol A. Taking the structures of blazeispirols Z and
    D
    into consideration, it can be assumed that blazeispirol A is biosynthesized from ergosterol by the cleavage of
    C
    -4,
    C
    -5 and
    C
    -
    1
    ,
    C
    -10 bonds on retro aldol condensation and Michael reaction via such as intermediate A as shown in Fig. 4. A large number of ergostane-type steroids have been isolated from many fungi. However, blazeispirol A is the first example of a naturally occurring des-A-ergostane-type steroid including a spiroacetal structure moiety as a side chain.
  • WILSON H. TANG, TIMOTHY
    D
    . STARK, MAURICIO ANGULO
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1999年 39 巻 5 号 73-80
    発行日: 1999/10/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The advantages and disadvantages of using a back analysis of slope failures to evaluate soil shear strength are discussed. A methodology is presented herein that allows the implied level of reliability associated with soil shear strength parameters back calculated from slope failures to be estimated. A reliability approach is also used to estimate the probability of failure for a given limit equilibrium slope stability method, design factor of safety, and combination of back calculated Mohr-Coulomb shear strength parameters,
    c
    ' and φ'. The methodology is illustrated using 39 landslides in the Orinda Formation in the San Francisco Bay area. The impact of additional case histories in the same geologic setting, i.
    e
    ., a larger data set, on the required design factor of safety for a given probability of failure is also investigated.
  • /, 三浦 哲彦, NORIHIKO MIURA
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 4 号 11-22
    発行日: 1996/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A new analytical method is proposed for determining the inextensible grid reinforcement pullout resistance and pullout force/pullout displacement curve by using basic backfill soil and grid reinforcement properties. The pullout skin friction resistance/pullout displacement relationship is simulated by linear elastic-perfectly plastic model. A hyperbolic model has been proposed to represent the pullout bearing resistance/pullout displacement relationship in which the maximum bearing resistance of a single bearing member is determined using a new bearing capacity equation proposed in this paper. The influences of the grid bearing member spacing ratio, S/
    D
    , the bearing member deflection rigidity, and the pullout softening behavior on the mobilization of pullout bearing resistance are explicitly included in the proposed model. Good agreement has been obtained between calculated values and laboratory test results.
  • 堀 幹夫, 片岡 貞, 清水 洋, 小野木 和弘
    YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
    1978年 98 巻 9 号 1189-1197
    発行日: 1978/09/25
    公開日: 2008/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a fundamental study on dibenzothiepins, reaction of 11-phenyl-
    6
    , 11-dihydrodibenzo [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] thiepin-11-ol (10) or 11-chloro-11-phenyl-
    6
    , 11-dihydrodibenzo [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] thiepin (14) with triphenylmethyl cation or SbCl5 was examined under various conditions. 11-Phenyl-
    6
    , 11-dihydrodibenzo [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] thiepin-11-ylium salt (8) was isolated as a black powder (perchlorate) and a green powder (hexachloroantimonate), but BF4 salt was obtained only as a solution. Treatment of the hexachloroantimonate with excess of SbCl5 was found to result in a novel dehydrocyclization reaction to give selectively
    9
    , 13
    b
    -dihydrofluoreno [
    1
    ,
    9
    a,
    9
    -
    c
    ,
    d
    ] [2]-benzothiepin-13
    b
    -ylium hexachloroantimonate (19). Some discussions were made on the mechanism of the formation of 19.
  • *江部 典子, 横山 三紀, 岩崎 剣吾, 柳下 正樹, 和泉 雄一
    特定非営利活動法人 日本歯周病学会学術大会 プログラムおよび講演抄録集
    2009年 2009s 巻 B-09-1500
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2009/04/15
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • 小田切 孝人, 田代 眞人
    ウイルス
    2013年 63 巻 2 号 233-240
    発行日: 2013/12/25
    公開日: 2014/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
  • (テーマ1:遺伝子多型と薬物動態研究)
    千葉 寛
    薬物動態
    2001年 16 巻 5 号 461-465
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2007/03/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Molecular genetics of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in relation to the drug development and drug treatment are reviewed. CYPs play a key role in the metabolism of various drugs. The capacity of CYPs varies from one person to another, leading to variable rates of drug metabolism. This variability is mainly due to the genetic polymorphism of CYPs. A number of different functional alleles of different CYPs have been identified. CYP2
    D
    6
    , CYP2
    C
    19 and CYP2
    C
    9
    are the three most well studied and best characterized. On the other hand, CYP3A4 is the most important isoform of CYPs which metabolizes more than half of substrate drugs of CYPs. Although CYP3A4 is known to show wide inter-individual variation, it has not been attributed to genetic factor but to rather induction and inhibition of this enzyme. However, up to now the existence of 12 mutant alleles have been reported for this enzyme and variable capacity of CYP3A4 is now recognized to be explainable in part by the genetic factors. In this article, CYP2
    D
    6
    , CYP2
    C
    19, CYP2
    C
    9
    and CYP3A4 will be dealt with in some detail but other CYPs will be covered in outline.
  • Nicholas ISYUMOV, Eric HO, Peter KING, David SURRY, Barry VICKERY
    日本風工学会誌
    2010年 35 巻 4 号 265-271
    発行日: 2010/10/31
    公開日: 2011/04/01
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Giorgio Gabella
    Journal of Smooth Muscle Research
    2021年 57 巻 19-34
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/09/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    The characteristic mechanical activities of the smooth muscles found in all organs of the body are highly variable and depend mainly on the spatial arrangement of the muscle cells and the stroma: mass, orientation, relationships, links, constraints, which are deployed in various configurations. These structural features are examined here for their mechanical relevance, in light and electron microscopic views of several muscles of viscera and blood vessels, in a selection of mammalian species. Smooth muscles are incompressible and therefore maintain constant volume. They do not have available space and any movement of a part requires displacement of another part. Most of them have no terminations or points of attachment, and in hollow organs such as intestines, blood vessels and uro-genital tract they usually form structures closed onto themselves, such as rings or bag-like containers In these situations, changes in the size of the lumen is achieved very efficiently by a concentric inward enlargement that accompanies muscle contraction. The longitudinal arrangement of collagen blocks an elongation of small blood vessels upon contraction, further enhancing the efficiency of lumen reduction. In other muscles, links between layers and special arrangements of the stroma allow both shortening and elongation of a tubular organ to occur. The mechanics of smooth muscles has many characteristic features (some unique, some shared with those of hydrostats, some at variance with other muscles) and histological data are a contribution to our understanding of these properties.

  • Giorgio Gabella
    Journal of Smooth Muscle Research
    2019年 55 巻 34-67
    発行日: 2019年
    公開日: 2019/11/09
    ジャーナル フリー

    All the cells of rat detrusor muscle fall into one of five ultrastructural types: muscle cells, fibroblasts, axons and glia, and vascular cells (endothelial cells and pericytes). The tissue is ~79% cellular and 21% non-cellular. Muscle cells occupy 72%, nerves ~4% (

    1
    /3 axons, 2/3 glia), and fibroblast >3% of space. Muscle cells (up to
    6
    µm across and ~600 µm long, packed to almost 100,000 per mm2) have surface-to-volume ratio of 2.4 µm2/µm3 ~93% of cell volume is contractile apparatus, 3.
    1
    % mitochondria and 2.5% nucleus. Cell profiles are irregular but sectional area decreases regularly towards either end of the cell. Muscle cells are gathered into bundles (the mechanical units of detrusor), variable in length and size, but of constant width. The musculature is highly compact (without fascia or capsule) with smooth outer surfaces and extensive association and adhesion between its cells. Among many types of intercellular contact and junction, digitations are very common, each muscle cell issuing minute finger-like processes that abut on adjacent cells. Sealed apposition are wide areas of specialized contact, possibly forming a chamber between two muscle cells, distinct from the extracellular space at large (stromal space). The innervation is very dense, virtually all intramuscular axons being varicose (including afferent ones). There are identifiable neuro-muscular junctions on each muscle cell, often several junctions on a single cell. There are also unattached terminals. Fibroblasts (involved in the production of collagen), ~
    1
    % of the total number of cells, do not make specialized contacts.

  • 宮本 富美子, 直木 秀夫, 納谷 洋子
    天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集
    1979年 22 巻 11
    発行日: 1979/09/20
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Examination of the secreted wax of a scale insect, Ceroplastes ceriferus has shown the presence of various compounds of considerable biogenetic interest. (a) The sesquiterpenes were enantiomeric with respect to those from
    C
    . rubens, which infests the same host tree. Each insect may possess a specific set of
    C
    -
    C
    cyclases for the formation of sesquiterpenes. (
    b
    ) Among the identified twelve diterpenes, two of labdane skeletons were the first naturally occurring compounds. (
    c
    ) The sesterterpenes (
    1
    -
    6
    )(7-10) having 14-membered monocyclic skeletons were the first naturally occurring compounds being independent of the host tree. Remarkable is the finding of sesterterpenes resulting from different biogenetic cyclization mode from the same species, collected in different districts, or from the different species of the same genus. (
    d
    ) The "cyclic" wax were the esters consisting of fatty acids (
    C
    _<10>-
    C
    _<32>) and unusual cyclic alcohols (diterpenes and sesterterpenes). Structures and stereochemistry of nine new sesterterpenes will be discussed on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods: Cericerol-I (
    1
    ), cericerol-II (2), 13-methoxy cericerene (3), 13-ethoxy cericerene (4), α-cericerol-I (5), cericeroic acid (
    6
    ), 18-dihydro-19-ol cericeroic acid (7), cericera-2(
    E
    ),
    6
    (Z),10(
    E
    ),15(
    22
    ), 18-pentene-25-acid (8), cericera-2(
    E
    ),
    6
    (Z),10(
    E
    ),15(
    22
    ), 18-pentene-24-acid (
    9
    ), and cericerene-15,24-diol (10). Possibility of the configurational isomers for the structures (8)and (
    9
    ) at the position
    C
    -24 and
    C
    -25 are still remained to be elucidated. Bridged hydrocarbon (16) which was obtained by acid treatment of tosylate of cericerol-I (
    1
    ) indicated the crown shape (A) for (
    1
    ).
  • 田尻 要, 中山 洋, 今泉 繁良
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 2 号 159-168
    発行日: 1992/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • *森元 陽子, 川原 幸一, 菊池 清志, 松山 孝司, 中島 結実子, 小薗(藤崎) 清香, 町頭 三保, 丸山 征郎, 和泉 雄一
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • *森元 陽子, 川原 幸一, 菊池 清志, 中島 結実子, 丸山 征郎, 和泉 雄一
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • 安福 規之, / 大嶺 聖, 落合 英俊, HIDETOSHI OCHIAI
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2001年 41 巻 3 号 17-30
    発行日: 2001/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present paper aims at developing a simplified model for a stress-strain relationship at small strains up to an initial yielding of homogeneous saturated frozen sand. The modelling of elastic moduli for an ice-sand mixture as a composite geomaterial is first introduced based on previous studies, where a saturated frozen sand is treated as the icesand mixture. The applicability of modelling the elastic moduli under constant temperature is then discussed from the theoretical and experimental points of view. In addition, the hyperbolic stress-strain modelling of saturated frozen sand at small strain is presented. The effect of the volume fraction of sand, stiffness of sand inclusion and temperature changes on the elastic moduli and the stress-strain behaviour up to about
    1
    -2% axial strain, which is defined as an upper yield stress, are investigated through the model, whose applicability is verified in comparison with the experimental data.
  • 山本 大生
    日本化学会誌(化学と工業化学)
    1974年 1974 巻 2 号 381-382
    発行日: 1974/02/10
    公開日: 2011/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Studies of EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analysis) profiles of the screw dislocation on the agate surface have not probably been made. The author measured the profiles acrossing the dislocation on a polished agate surface which hadbeen treated with uranium salt solution.The purpose of the application of uranium was to emphasize the dislocation features apd to reveal a germ stage of epitaxial growth of the radioactive element on the dislocation.
    A topograph of thesubjected, area was measured by using secondary electron for the sake of. comparison of it with UM.line-profile.
    The result obtained is as follows: the profiles showed remarkably heterogeneous deposition of uranium on the dislocation site
  • Özkan ASLANTAŞ, Ebru Şebnem YILMAZ
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
    2017年 79 巻 6 号 1024-1030
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/06/16
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/04/27
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

    E
    . coli isolates were detected in 95 (
    22
    .2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-
    1b
    (42), blaCMY-2 (
    22
    ), blaCTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-
    1
    (15), blaOXA-
    1
    (
    9
    ) and blaSHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group
    A1
    (35.8%), followed by group
    D2
    (
    22
    .
    1
    %),
    B
    1
    (15.8%),
    D1
    (
    9
    .5%), A0 (7.4%),
    B22
    (5.3%) and
    B23
    (4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(
    6
    ’)-Ib-cr,
    qnrS1
    and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.5 and
    1
    .
    1
    % of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.8% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing
    E
    . coli
    clone O25
    b
    :ST131/
    B
    2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing
    E
    . coli
    isolates among dogs in Turkey.

  • R.
    D
    . Russell, T.K. Ahern
    Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan
    1977年 25 巻 3 号 217-221
    発行日: 1977/09/30
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    We observed transients during the isotopic analysis of carbon dioxide, which could not be attributed to mixing processes because of their asymmetry, and to explain these we were led to consider the effects of diffusion on gas flow in the sample line. In particular, we investigated the propagation by diffusion of a concentration anomaly against a steady gas flow. If fractionation of isotopic(or chemical)species at the leak is to cause a change with time of the composition of the gas in the sample reservoir, then the effects of the fractionation must diffuse backwards as far as the gas reservoir.Using a one-dimensional Green's function, we obtained explicit analytical functions for the steady state concentration variation along a connecting tube between the leak and the reservoir, and for the composition variations with time at the leak. It is shown that the isotopic composition in the sample reservoir need not vary with time, even with a fractionating leak, provided that bulk gas velocity in the connecting tube is large enough. It is also shown that the diffusion process in combination with a fractionating leak can lead to the type of transients we observed.
  • *嶋田 照子, 菅野 直之, 好士 亮介, 小幡 純, 仙田 直樹, 田中 一, 落合 邦康, 伊藤 公一
    特定非営利活動法人 日本歯周病学会学術大会 プログラムおよび講演抄録集
    2007年 2007s 巻 B-8-1020
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/05/07
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
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