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中国でヒトに感染した鳥インフルエンザA(H7N
9
) ウイルスの性状，検査系の開発およびワクチン開発とその問題点

小田切孝人, 田代眞人

ウイルス
2013年 63 巻 2 号 233-240
発行日: 2013/12/25
公開日: 2014/10/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.63.233

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Syntheses of
6
,
6
a, 7,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-Octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
b
,
e
] oxepins and
6
,
6
a, 7,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-Octahydro-11-oxodibenzo [
b
,
e
] thiepins

黒川美貴雄, 吉田耕治, 永井保嵩, 宇野準

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1983年 31 巻 12 号 4312-4318
発行日: 1983/12/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.31.4312

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems,
6
,
6
a, 7,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
b
,
e
] oxepins (3a and 3
b
), and -thiepins (
4
a and
4
b
) were synthesized. Compounds
4
a and
4
b
were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10
b
). Deuterated
4
a and
4
b
(11a and 11
b
) were prepared starting from butadiene-
d₆
(12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3
b
(cis),
4
a (trans) and
4
b
(cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10
b
, 11a and 11
b
on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.
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脂肪族ケトンオキシムのポリリン酸,ポリリン酸エステル,およびリン酸エステルによる Beckmann 転位反応-相対転位比の経時変化について-

尾形強, 佐藤治代, 吉田弘, 猪川三郎

日本化学会誌（化学と工業化学）
1974年 1974 巻 2 号 382-385
発行日: 1974/02/10
公開日: 2011/05/30

DOI https://doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1974.382

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The Beckmann rearrangement of aliphatic ketone oximes, R(CHs)
C
=NOH (R=Et (
1
); n-Pr (2); iso-Pr (3); iso-Bu (
4
)), with polyphosphoric acid (PPA), polyphosphate ester (PPE), and ester of phosphoric acid (2 P-
5
R) was carried out and migratory ratios ((a)/(
b
) in eq. (
1
)) were determined, The results are shown in Fig.
1
, 2, and 3, respectively.
In Fig.
1
and 2, the migratory ratios decrease with reaction time and nearly approach to the ratios of anti-alkyl form/syn-alkylform in benzene(A
1
) or DMSO(A2)except for (3) (See Table
1
). From this fact, it has been found that PPA and PPE are inactive for isomerization of the oximes andanti-alkyl oximes rearrange faster than syn-alkyl ones. ln the case of (3), migratery ratios are smaller than Ai or A2. As acetonitrile is detected by GLC, it is presumed that fission has been occurred simultaneously with rearrangement in anti-alkyl oxime (eq. (3)). In the case of 2 P-
5
R, all modes of the reaction arethe same as in above, except that the rate of fission is tnuch faster than that in PPA and PPE.
The reaction of anti-alkyl ketone oximes having a bulky grouphas been greatly influenced by the use of sterically demanding catalysts such asPPA, PPE, and 2 P-
5
R.
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GEOTECHNICAL SIMULATION TEST FOR THE NIKAWA LANDSLIDE INDUCED BY JANUARY 17, 1995 HYOGOKEN-NAMBU EARTHQUAKE

汪発武, 佐々恭二, 福岡浩

地盤工学会論文報告集
2000年 40 巻 1 号 35-46
発行日: 2000/02/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.40.35

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By employing an undrained cyclic loading ring-shear apparatus, a series of tests to reproduce the dynamic behavior of the Nikawa landslide induced by the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, is conducted. The test sample is Osaka-group coarse sandy soil taken from the landslide. The initial stress condition acting on a soil element in the sliding surface is applied to the sample. Based on the seismic records monitored at the JR Takarazuka Station, the input seismic wave is synthesized to reproduce the seismic stress acting on the sliding surface. The test results show that the soil failed due to the dynamic loading of the earthquake. The most important results are the excess pore water pressure generation and the acceleration of shear displacement continuing after the main shock. Combined with the grain crushing at the shear zone and the volume reduction in the drained constant-speed ring-shear test, the mechanism of this landslide is interpreted as, shear displacement causing grain crushing in the shear zone and volume reduction, and then resulting in a localized liquefaction phenomenon, "sliding-surface liquefaction". This geotechnical simulation test provides a reasonable interpretation of this highly mobile landslide.
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CASE STUDIES OF IN-SITU STRUCTURE OF NATURAL SEDIMENTARY CLAYS

澁谷啓, 三田地利之, 黄聖春

地盤工学会論文報告集
2000年 40 巻 3 号 87-100
発行日: 2000/06/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.40.3_87

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Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus G_max and the undrained shear strength c_u with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey G_f. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding G_max behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.
e
., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.
e
., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate c_u"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory K_o test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".
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BINDING OF TOBRAMYCIN TO ESCHERICHIA COLI RIBOSOMES: CHARACTERISTICS AND EQUILIBRIUM OF THE REACTION

FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, FRÉDÉRIC TANGY, BERNARD MOREAU

The Journal of Antibiotics
1979年 32 巻 12 号 1288-1292
発行日: 1979年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOI https://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.32.1288

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A sample of [³H] tobrarnycin (
5
, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
tiirough of the messenger RNA.
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Sythesis and Stereochemistry of 11-Amino-
6
,
6
a, 7,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibenzo[
b
,
e
]thiepines and-oxepines

黒川美貴雄, 糸川彰, 松本純一, 福本吉久, 月原冨武

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1992年 40 巻 9 号 2270-2274
発行日: 1992/09/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.40.2270

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11-Amino-
6
,
6
a, 7,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[
b
,
e
]thiepines (
6
a-
d
) and -oxepines (7a-
d
) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of
6
,
6
a, 7,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[
b
,
e
]thiepines (
1
a,
b
)and -oxepines (2a,
b
) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products
4
a-
d
and
5
a-
d
, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(
6
a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H)
6
a and 7a, cis(
6
a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H)
6
b
and 7
b
, trans(
6
a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)
6
c
and 7
c
, and trans(
6
a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H)
6
d
and 7
d
, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with ^{1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.
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Polyacetylene Compounds from Atractylodes Rhizome

鹿野美弘, 櫻井徹朗, 小松健一, 山田浩之, 斉藤謙一

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1990年 38 巻 4 号 1082-1083
発行日: 1990/04/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.38.1082

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Two new polyacetylene compounds (
4
E
,
6
E
, 12
E
)-
1
-acetoxy-3-isovaleryloxytetradeca-
4
,
6
, 12-trien-
8
, 10-diyn-14-ol (
B
), and (
4
E
,
6
E
, 12
E
)-
1
-acetoxy-3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tetradeca-
4
,
6
, 12-trien-
8
, 10-diyn-14-ol (
C
) have been isolated along with (
4
E
,
6
E
, 12
E
)-
1
-acetoxy-3-senecioyloxytetradeca-
4
,
6
, 12-trien-
8
, 10-diyn-14-ol (A) from Atractylodes Rhizome (Karabyakujutu). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectral data.
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顎関節症における関節円板のMRIによる検討

関節円板の前方転位の程度と復位および臨床所見との関係

松木宏真, 尾崎登喜雄

日本口腔外科学会雑誌
1999年 45 巻 4 号 241-251
発行日: 1999/04/20
公開日: 2011/07/25

DOI https://doi.org/10.5794/jjoms.45.241

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To determine the position of the anteriorly displaced articular disc, we examined temporomandibular joints by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 54 patients with unilateral temporomandibular joint dysfunction. MRI was done before conservative therapy in the occlusal and maximal open-mouth position. We drew a straight line connecting the lowest point of the articular eminence (point A) and the highest point of the external acoustic pore (point
E
) by tracing the sagittal view on MRI. On the standard A-
E
line, points
B
',
C
', and
D
' were sought by dropping perpendicular lines from the deepest point of the glenoid fossa (point
B
), the highest point of the condylar head (point
C
), and the most posterior point of the articular disc (point
D
). We then determined the sagittal position of the articular disc in the glenoid fossa by measuring the distances
AD
' and
C'D
' and sought the correlation between these distances and clinical findings. The results were as follows.
1
. The distance
AD
' in 33 patients with MRI-defined irreversible displacement of the disc was shorter than that in 10 patients with reversible displacement (3.7±
1
.
9
mm vs
6
.
8
±2.0mm, p<0.0001). In contrast, the distance
C'D
' in the former was longer than that in the latter (
6
.0±
1
.7mm vs 3.
4
±
1
.
5
mm, P<0.0001). Of 29 discs displaced anteriorly less than
5
mm in distance
C'D
', 19 (66%) had reversible or no displacement. However, 23 (92%) of 25 discs displaced more than
5
mm in distance
C'D
' had irreversible displacement. 2. Disc deformity and abnormal signal intensity bands in the condylar head closely correlated with distances
AD
' and
C'D
'. In 17 patients without disc deformity, mean
AD
' and
C'D
' distances were
9
.
8
± 2.7mm and 0.2± 2.
8
mm, respectively. In 19 and 18 patients with mild to moderate and severe deformity, the mean
AD
'(
C'D
') distances were
5
.
4
±
1
.
8
mm (
4
.
5
±
1
.
6
mm) and 2.7±
1
.
8
mm (
6
.
8
±
1
.
5
mm), respectively. 3. Although distance
AD
' and
C'D
' did not correlate with clinical symptoms, the degree of anterior disc displacement correlated with the therapeutic effect of conservative therapy. The mean
AD
' distance (7.3±3.7mm) in 15 patients with a complete response to conservative therapy was longer than that (3.
4
±
1
.
4
mm) in
5
patients with no improvement. These results indicate that the sagittal position of the articular disc can be determined by MRI and that successful conservative therapy is unlikely if anterior disc displacement extends beyond
5
mm from the top of the condylar head, often resulting in irreversible displacement.
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わが国における主要中晩生および香酸カンキツ染色体のCMA染色

山本雅史, 久保達也, 冨永茂人

園芸学会雑誌
2005年 74 巻 6 号 476-478
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/02/24

DOI https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.74.476

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わが国における主要中晩生および香酸カンキツ染色体のクロモマイシンA₃ (CMA) 染色を行った. 染色体はCMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から
5
種類に区分できた. すなわち, CMA(+) をA: 両端および動原体近傍に有する,
B
: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する,
C
: 両端に有する,
D
: 一方の端部に有する,
E
: CMA(+) がない, である. 各種はこれらのうち
4
,
5
種類の染色体を有し, 独自のCMAバンドパターンを示した. ハッサクでは
1
A+
1
C
+
8
D
+
8
E
, ヒュウガナツでは2A+2
C
+
5
D
+
9
E
, ‘川野なつだいだい’では
1
A+2
C
+7
D
+
8
E
, ‘宮内伊予柑’では
1
A+
1
B
+
1
C
+
8
D
+7
E
, タンカン‘垂水
1
号’では
1
A+
1
B
+
1
C
+
8
D
+7
E
, カボスでは3
B
+2
C
+
5
D
+
8
E
, スダチでは
1
B
+2
C
+
9
D
+
6
E
およびユズ‘山根’では2
B
+
1
C
+11
D
+
4
E
であった. 以上の結果, 本研究においても近縁の種間では似通ったCMAバンドパターンが観察された.
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DAMAGE FACTORS FOR SMALL EMBANKMENT DAMS DUE TO THE HYOGOKEN-NAMBU EARTHQUAKE : CASE STUDY ON HOKUDAN TOWN

藤井弘章, 国政華菜, 難波明代, 横溝隆之, 西村伸一, 島田清, 堀俊男, 西山竜朗

地盤工学会論文報告集
2000年 40 巻 6 号 117-131
発行日: 2000/12/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.40.6_117

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This study was performed to clarify which factors affected damage to tame-ike (small embankment dams for irrigation) in Hokudan Town as a result of the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. Factors were assumed to be : Location (
e
.g., Distance to Epicenter, etc.), Structure (
e
.g., Angle to Nearest Fault, Embankment Volume, etc.), Soil Properties of Embankment, Geology of Dam Site and History (Era of Construction, Repaired, etc.). Multivariate statistical analyses were performed for documentary data (damaged : 181, undamaged : 328). Ordinary statistical analyses were conducted for the data investigated in situ for soil properties of the embankment. The results show that the factors causing damage to dam are : (
1
) Nearest Fault (Nojima, Mizukoshi and
D
2), (2) Distance to Nearest Fault (less than 500 m), (3) Distance to Epicenter (approximately
8
to 14 km, which almost agrees with the location of seismic intensity 7 JMA), (
4
) Elevation of Dam Site (higher than 100 m), (
5
) Embankment Volume (the greater the volume the more damage was caused), (
6
) Direction of Dam Axis (normal or diagonal to the epicenter or to nearest the fault), (7) Plan View of Dam Axis (3 or
4
axes), (
8
) Surface Geology of Dam Site (non-cohesive soil type ground), (
9
) Era of Construction (prior to 1891) and (10) Soil Properties of Embankment (sand, not silty sand or gravel, penetration resistance that is 10% smaller than the undamaged dams).
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カンキツ主要種における染色体の CMA 染色

山本雅史, Abkenar Asad Asadi, 松本亮司, 根角博久, 吉田俊雄, 國賀武, 久保達也, 冨永茂人

園芸学会雑誌
2007年 76 巻 1 号 36-40
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/03/06

DOI https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.76.36

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A₃(CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 7 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，
B
: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，
C
: 両端に有する，
D
: 一方の端部に有する，
E
: CMA(+) がない，F: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する
D
型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～
6
種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．C
. medica では 2
B
+
8
D
+
8
E
，C
. limon では
1
B
+
1
C
+
8
D
+
8
E
，C
. aurantifolia では 2
B
+
9
D
+ 7
E
，C
. aurantium では
1
A +
1
B
+
1
C
+ 7
D
+
8
E
，C
. sinensis では 2
B
+ 2
C
+ 7
D
+ 7
E
，C
. maxima では 3A + 3
C
+
4
D
+
8
E
，C
. paradisi では 2A + 3
C
+
6
D
+ 7
E
，C
. ichangensis では 2
B
+ 2
C
+ 12
D
+ 2
E
，C
. latipes では 2A +
5
C
+
8
D
+ 3
E
，C
. micrantha では
1
B
+ 11
D
+
4
E
+ 2Dst，C
. macroptera では 2
B
+
1
C
+ 11
D
+ 3
E
+
1
F，C
. hystrix では 3
B
+
1
C
+
8
D
+ 3
E
+ 2F +
1
Dst であった．

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Synthesis of Pyridazine Derivatives with Sulfur-Containing Substituent. II. A Novel Cyclization Furnishing the Concurrent Formation of 2, 7-Dibenzyldipyridazo-[
4
,
5
-
b
:
4
',
5
'-
e
]-
1
,
4
-dithiin-
1
,
6
(2H, 7H)-dione and 2,
8
-Dibenzyldipyridazo [
4
,
5
-
b
:
4
',
5
'-
e
]-
1
,
4
-dithiin-
1
,
9
(2H,
8
H)-dione. (
1
)

鍛治健司, 葛谷昌之 /, RAYMONDN. CASTLE

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1970年 18 巻 1 号 147-156
発行日: 1970/01/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.18.147

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2-Benzyl-
4
-chloro-
5
-mercapto-3 (2H)-pyridazinone (
1
) was heated in ethanol under reflux for 10 hours to form concurrently 2, 7-dibenzyldipyridazo [
4
,
5
-
b
:
4
',
5
'-
e
]-
1
,
4
-dithiin-
1
,
6
(2H, 7H)-dione (Ia) (57% in yield) and 2,
8
-dibenzyldipyridazo [
4
,
5
-
b
:
4
',
5
'-
e
]-
1
,
4
-dithiin-
1
,
9
(2H,
8
H)-dione (IIa) (14% in yield). Assignment of the two products to the corresponding structures is established by their physico-chemical constants and chemical behaviors. The concurrent formation of the dipyridazo [
4
,
5
-
b
:
4
',
5
'-
e
]-
1
,
4
-dithiin-
1
,
6
(2H, 7H)-dione and the -
1
,
9
(2H,
8
H)-dione were observed in, not only heating
4
-chloro-
5
-mercapto-3 (2H)-pyridazinones (
1
-3) in polar solvent, but warming
4
-mercapto-
5
-chloro-3 (2H)-pyridazinones (
4
-
6
) in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF. For the interpretation of the reaction, keto-thioketo carbenes as active intermediate species and a reversible interconversion among them are suggested on the basis of the fact that there was nonexistence of an equilibrium between the two compounds, such as Ia and IIa, under the reaction condition and a trapping keto-thioketo carbene species as 2-phenylimino-
5
-benzylpyridazo [
4
,
5
-
d
]-
1
, 3-dithiol-
4
(
5
H)-one (IVa) (14% in yield) along with the major products, (Ia) and (IIa), was furnished by warming
1
with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of triethylamine in dry benzene. On the contrary, participation of a reversible interconversion between Ia and IIa, to a considerable extent, with the concurrent formation of them in the case of benzylation of either Ib or IIb, by warming with benzylchloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF at
80
°, might not be neglected, because an attempted approach to an equilibrium between Ia and IIa in a similar reaction condition except the use of benzylchloride realized, whereas non-existence of an equilibrium between Ib and IIb in the similar reaction condition was observed.
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英国における過去半世紀 (1922～1972) 間の冶金用コークスの研究

George W. Lee

燃料協会誌
1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
発行日: 1973/03/20
公開日: 2010/06/28

DOI https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.171

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LABORATORY SHEAR TESTS ON VISCOUS NATURE OF LIQUEFIED SAND

西村聡, 東畑郁生, 本多剛

地盤工学会論文報告集
2002年 42 巻 4 号 89-98
発行日: 2002/08/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.42.4_89

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The rate dependent nature of liquefied sand was investigated by laboratory shear tests. Since previous experience has revealed the many difficulties inherent in maintaining the state of liquefaction of a sandy specimen, new measures were attempted. The test results indicate that the measured shear stress consists of frictional and rate dependent components, and a viscosity coefficient was assessed from the latter component. The measured viscosity varies with the rate of strain as well as the magnitude of strain itself. A similar test on a dry specimen revealed less viscosity and implied that a major part of rate dependency comes from the behavior of pore liquid in the case of water-saturated sand. It was interesting, moreover, that sand with fines was of less viscosity. Finally, a numerical analysis was conducted on a real liquefaction-induced ground deformation and the results were consistent with the observation.
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REPETITIVE LIQUEFACTION AT A GRAVELLY SITE AND LIQUEFACTION IN OVERCONSOLIDATED SANDS

LIVIO SIROVICH

地盤工学会論文報告集
1996年 36 巻 4 号 23-34
発行日: 1996/12/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.36.4_23

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Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA2 programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.
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ESTIMATE OF ELASTIC SHEAR MODULUS IN HOLOCENE SOIL DEPOSITS

澁谷啓, 田中洋行

地盤工学会論文報告集
1996年 36 巻 4 号 45-55
発行日: 1996/12/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.36.4_45

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An empirical equation in use for estimating the pseudo-elastic shear modulus, G_f, of subsoil, associated with shear strains less than 0.001% is proposed in this paper. In a series of in-situ seismic cone tests performed nationwide, the profiles of both G_f and the in-situ void ratio,
e₀
, with depth were successfully characterised at five sites, each comprising a soft clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. The database which comprised the original data from the field and laboratory tests, coupled with similar information on well-documented Holocene clay deposits in Europe, was statistically analyzed in attempts to determine a generalised relationship with which G_f of soft clay may be reasonably estimated only from routinely available borehole data; that is
e₀
and the current geostatic effective overburden pressure, σ'_v. An empirical relationship, G_f=
5
, 000
e₀
-
1.5
√(σ'_v) (kPa), was derived from the statistical analysis applied to data from seven different clays worldwide, for which
e₀
extended over a range between
1
and
5
, and the overconsolidation ratio ranged roughly between
1
and 2. The applicability of the proposed relationship was evaluated for two case records, each in which the clay exhibited unusual behavior; i.
e
., the undrained shear strength remained more or less constant with depth due to the existence of artesian pressure at one site, and, at the other, G_f decreased, whereas
e₀
increased, with depth. It was demonstrated that even in these clay deposits exhibiting exceptional profiles, the proposed relationship was capable of predicting G_f with a reasonable accuracy by determining the profiles of
e₀
and σ'_v with depth. In addition, the prediction when compared to G_max from carefully performed laboratory cyclic tests, yielded a better estimate of G_f from the in-situ seismic survey. Despite the fact that the empirical relationship was initially designated to estimate G_f of soft clays, it may be equally applicable to sandy deposits. This was verified by comparing it to similar, and well-established, relationships developed for sands. A case record as such is also described for a loose sand deposit at Higashi-Ohgishima in Tokyo Bay which was placed in 1960's by land reclamation.
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Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Microstructure and Properties of a Low Carbon Copper Bearing Steel

M. K. Banerjee, P. S. Banerjee, S. Datta

ISIJ International
2001年 41 巻 3 号 257-261
発行日: 2001/03/15
公開日: 2007/05/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.41.257

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A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.
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GEOTECHNICAL RECONNAISSANCE STUDY ON DAMAGE CAUSED BY 2001 GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE, INDIA

東畑郁生, PRASAD S.K., 本多剛, CHANDRADHARA G.P.

地盤工学会論文報告集
2002年 42 巻 4 号 77-88
発行日: 2002/08/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.42.4_77

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The Gujarat earthquake in India occurred in January, 2001, and caused significant damage in the province of Gujarat. The Japanese Geotechnical Society sent a small reconnaissance team to the damaged region after the quake. The present text presents the report from this activity. The major attention of the team was focused on geotechnical aspects of the damage which were related to earthfill dams and harbor land fills. It was found that a significant portion of damage was concentrated in fills resting on soft natural soils. Swedish weight soundings which were conducted at two places demonstrated the existence of such a soft subsoil. From this, it was concluded that amplification of earthquake shaking as well as the permanent deformation in the soft foundation soil induced such kinds of damage as subsidence, cracking, and lateral spreading in overlying artificial fills. For the better seismic resistance of those affected fills during future earthquakes, the improvement of soft subsoil seems essential.
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DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF FLEXIBLE RECTANGULAR FOUNDATIONS EMBEDDED INTO A VISCOELASTIC HALF-SPACE TO OBLIQUELY INCIDENT WAVES

蒋通, 栗林栄一

土質工学会論文報告集
1988年 28 巻 1 号 56-64
発行日: 1988/03/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.28.56

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The boundary element method expanded in frequency domains is presented to analyze the dynamic interaction between an embedded flexible rectangular foundation and soil with consideration of the obliquely incident waves. Numerical results describing the influence of the flexibility of the foundation on the dynamic responses of the foundation due to obliquely incident waves indicate that the flexibility of actual foundations can diminish the reduction of translation responses and increase the rotational responses in the high frequency range. These phenomena are more conspicuous as the embedment ratio is larger and the value of the wave velocity ratio of the soil and the foundation approaches to unity. When the high frequency components of the input ground motion are important and the basement has higher flexibility (for example ₂v_s/_{1v_s
>0.4), the analysis method which considers the basement as a rigid foundation may lead to unsafety estimations and the estimation of the flexibility of the foundation is necessary as analysing the effective input motion with consideration of the incident waves.
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