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  • 黒川 美貴雄, 吉田 耕治, 永井 保嵩, 宇野 準
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1983年 31 巻 12 号 4312-4318
    発行日: 1983/12/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems,
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] oxepins (3a and 3
    b
    ), and -thiepins (4a and 4
    b
    ) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4
    b
    were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10
    b
    ). Deuterated 4a and 4
    b
    (11a and 11
    b
    ) were prepared starting from butadiene-
    d6
    (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3
    b
    (cis), 4a (trans) and 4
    b
    (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10
    b
    , 11a and 11
    b
    on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.
  • 澁谷 啓, 三田地 利之, 黄 聖春
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 3 号 87-100
    発行日: 2000/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus Gmax and the undrained shear strength cu with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey Gf. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding Gmax behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.
    e
    ., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.
    e
    ., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate cu"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory Ko test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".
  • 黒川 美貴雄, 糸川 彰, 松本 純一, 福本 吉久, 月原 冨武
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1992年 40 巻 9 号 2270-2274
    発行日: 1992/09/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    11-Amino-
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[
    b
    ,
    e
    ]thiepines (
    6
    a-
    d
    ) and -oxepines (
    7
    a-
    d
    ) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[
    b
    ,
    e
    ]thiepines (
    1
    a,
    b
    )and -oxepines (2a,
    b
    ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a-
    d
    and
    5
    a-
    d
    , respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H)
    6
    a and
    7
    a, cis(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H)
    6
    b
    and
    7
    b
    , trans(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)
    6
    c and
    7
    c, and trans(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H)
    6
    d
    and
    7
    d
    , were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with
    1H
    -nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.
  • Joey
    B
    . Tanney, Leonard J. Hutchison
    Mycoscience
    2012年 53 巻 1 号 31-35
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

    1
    ,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

  • 小田切 孝人, 田代 眞人
    ウイルス
    2013年 63 巻 2 号 233-240
    発行日: 2013/12/25
    公開日: 2014/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 澁谷 啓, 田中 洋行
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 4 号 45-55
    発行日: 1996/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    An empirical equation in use for estimating the pseudo-elastic shear modulus, Gf, of subsoil, associated with shear strains less than 0.001% is proposed in this paper. In a series of in-situ seismic cone tests performed nationwide, the profiles of both Gf and the in-situ void ratio,
    e0
    , with depth were successfully characterised at five sites, each comprising a soft clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. The database which comprised the original data from the field and laboratory tests, coupled with similar information on well-documented Holocene clay deposits in Europe, was statistically analyzed in attempts to determine a generalised relationship with which Gf of soft clay may be reasonably estimated only from routinely available borehole data; that is
    e0
    and the current geostatic effective overburden pressure, σ'v. An empirical relationship, Gf=
    5
    , 000
    e0
    -
    1.5
    √(σ'v) (kPa), was derived from the statistical analysis applied to data from seven different clays worldwide, for which
    e0
    extended over a range between
    1
    and
    5
    , and the overconsolidation ratio ranged roughly between
    1
    and 2. The applicability of the proposed relationship was evaluated for two case records, each in which the clay exhibited unusual behavior; i.
    e
    ., the undrained shear strength remained more or less constant with depth due to the existence of artesian pressure at one site, and, at the other, Gf decreased, whereas
    e0
    increased, with depth. It was demonstrated that even in these clay deposits exhibiting exceptional profiles, the proposed relationship was capable of predicting Gf with a reasonable accuracy by determining the profiles of
    e0
    and σ'v with depth. In addition, the prediction when compared to Gmax from carefully performed laboratory cyclic tests, yielded a better estimate of Gf from the in-situ seismic survey. Despite the fact that the empirical relationship was initially designated to estimate Gf of soft clays, it may be equally applicable to sandy deposits. This was verified by comparing it to similar, and well-established, relationships developed for sands. A case record as such is also described for a loose sand deposit at Higashi-Ohgishima in Tokyo Bay which was placed in 1960's by land reclamation.
  • 汪 発武, 佐々 恭二, 福岡 浩
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 1 号 35-46
    発行日: 2000/02/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    By employing an undrained cyclic loading ring-shear apparatus, a series of tests to reproduce the dynamic behavior of the Nikawa landslide induced by the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, is conducted. The test sample is Osaka-group coarse sandy soil taken from the landslide. The initial stress condition acting on a soil element in the sliding surface is applied to the sample. Based on the seismic records monitored at the JR Takarazuka Station, the input seismic wave is synthesized to reproduce the seismic stress acting on the sliding surface. The test results show that the soil failed due to the dynamic loading of the earthquake. The most important results are the excess pore water pressure generation and the acceleration of shear displacement continuing after the main shock. Combined with the grain crushing at the shear zone and the volume reduction in the drained constant-speed ring-shear test, the mechanism of this landslide is interpreted as, shear displacement causing grain crushing in the shear zone and volume reduction, and then resulting in a localized liquefaction phenomenon, "sliding-surface liquefaction". This geotechnical simulation test provides a reasonable interpretation of this highly mobile landslide.
  • 澁谷 啓, 三田地 利之
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1994年 34 巻 4 号 67-77
    発行日: 1994/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, consideration is given as to how to characterize depth-variation for the small-strain shear modulus of natural clay sedimentation, in a state of normal consolidation. A case study was carried out for a relatively uniform clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. Initially, the effects of both strain and in-situ stress levels on secant shear modulus were carefully examined in cyclic torsion shear tests using undisturbed samples, which were recovered at different depths in a test borehole. The range of shear strain examined was between 0.001% and
    1
    %. Similar examination was made for a silty clay using reconstituted samples that were isotropically consolidated at different stress levels. On the basis of the results of these laboratory tests, together with the shear modulus from an in-situ seismic survey, the small-strain shear modulus was formulated in terms of the stress and strain levels, and linked also to undrained shear strength. Interactions of the small strain stiffness between in-situ and laboratory are discussed in depth with an attention paid to the existing aging effect in the original subsurface condition.
  • OSAMU MATSUO
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 Special 号 235-240
    発行日: 1996年
    公開日: 2012/08/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Among the rivers damaged by the earthquake, two most severely damaged along the Yodo-gawa River are described. In the left levee, the settlement exceeded 2 m for a length of
    1
    .4 km, with a maximum settlement of 3 m. Sand boils were observed extensively on the ground surface near the damaged dikes. Holocene sandy soil with an SPT N-value of 10 or less existed in the upper part of the subsoil profile. These facts indicate that liquefaction of the soil was the major cause of the embankment damage. The cyclic stress ratio required to cause liquefaction was 0.30 as determined from cyclic triaxial tests on undisturbed samples.
  • M. K. Banerjee, P. S. Banerjee, S. Datta
    ISIJ International
    2001年 41 巻 3 号 257-261
    発行日: 2001/03/15
    公開日: 2007/05/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.
  • M. L. GHOSH
    Journal of Physics of the Earth
    1972年 20 巻 2 号 165-186
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2009/04/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.
  • Özkan ASLANTAŞ, Ebru Şebnem YILMAZ
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
    2017年 79 巻 6 号 1024-1030
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/06/16
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/04/27
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

    E
    . coli isolates were detected in 95 (
    22
    .2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-
    1b
    (42), blaCMY-2 (
    22
    ), blaCTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-
    1
    (15), blaOXA-
    1
    (
    9
    ) and blaSHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group
    A1
    (35.
    8
    %), followed by group
    D2
    (
    22
    .
    1
    %),
    B
    1
    (15.
    8
    %),
    D1
    (
    9
    .
    5
    %), A0 (
    7
    .4%),
    B22
    (
    5
    .3%) and
    B23
    (4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(
    6
    ’)-Ib-cr,
    qnrS1
    and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.
    5
    and
    1
    .
    1
    % of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.
    8
    % for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing
    E
    . coli
    clone O25
    b
    :ST131/
    B
    2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing
    E
    . coli
    isolates among dogs in Turkey.

  • 香山 滉一郎, 森下 政夫, 張 国鋒
    粉体および粉末冶金
    2006年 53 巻 5 号 419-429
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/12/19
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo-
    B
    and Ni-W-
    B
    ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol%
    B
    were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
    E1
    :L (1365K, 71.
    5
    mol%Ni-
    6
    .0mol%Mo-
    22
    .
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E2
    :L (1355K, 62.
    5
    mol%Ni-2.
    5
    mol%Mo-30.
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni3B
    +
    Ni2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E3
    :L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.
    6
    mol%Mo-10.3mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    P1
    :L (1812K, 34.
    9
    mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-
    22
    .
    8
    mol%
    B
    )+MoB=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P2:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%
    B
    )+Mo=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P3:L (1812K, 53.
    5
    mol%Ni-33.
    7
    mol%Mo-12.
    8
    mol%
    B
    )+Mo=NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    E1
    :L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.
    6
    mol%W-17.4mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+W+
    NiW2B2

    E2
    :L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-
    7
    .0mol%W-
    22
    .0mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    E3
    :L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.
    8
    mol%W-29.
    8
    mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni2B
    +
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P1
    :L (2115K, 23.
    8
    mol%Ni-43.
    1
    mol%W-33.
    1
    mol%
    B
    )+WB=
    W2B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P2:L (1657K, 48.
    9
    mol%Ni-33.
    1
    mol%W-18.0mol%
    B
    )+
    W2B
    =W+
    NiW2B2

    The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.
  • 宮北 隆志, 三浦 創, 伊藤 昭好, 山本 剛夫
    産業医学
    1981年 23 巻 6 号 619-631
    発行日: 1981/11/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effects of noise exposure on aural reflex (AR) were investigated. The threshold of AR (ART) was measured in two groups exposed to occupational noise (Group A and
    B
    ) by the electro-acoustic impedance bridge (Madsen, ZO-72). White noise (WN), and pure tones of
    1
    and 4 kHz were selected as activating stimuli for AR, and ARTs for these stimuli (ARTWN,
    ART1k
    , ART4k) were determined respectively. The results were compared with the ARTs in the normal group (Group C) reported by the authors previously. Group A consisted of 31 male workers exposed mainly to steady noise, and Group
    B
    included 65 male workers exposed maily to impulsive noise. Group C consisted of 50 males and 50 females, who had normal hearing acuity without any history of occupational noise exposure (Fig. 12). Mean age was 37.2 years in Group A, 49.
    9
    in Group
    B
    . Mean period of noise exposure was 13.3 years in Group A, 26.
    1
    in Group
    B
    . In both groups, the hearing loss was observed in the higher frequency region at 4 and/or
    8
    kHz, while normal hearing acuity was reserved at
    1
    kHz (Fig. 3 and 4). Because of no significant difference between Group A and
    B
    in each of the mean ARTs (Table 3), Groups A and
    B
    were summarized as the exposed group to noise. ARTs for three different stimuli (ARTWN,
    ART1k
    , ART4k) in the exposed group showed significant differences compared to those in the non-exposed group (Group C); i.
    e
    . mean ARTWN was 92.0 dB SPL in the exposed group and 83.
    8
    in Group C, mean
    ART1k
    was
    93
    .
    8
    dB SPL in the exposed group and
    96
    .2 in the non-exposed, mean ART4k was 102.
    1
    dB SPL in the former and
    97
    .
    5
    in the latter group (Table
    5
    ). There was a significant negative correlation between the hearing level at 4 kHz (HL4k) and the value of [ART4k-HL4k] (Fig. 14). The difference between
    ART1k
    and ARTWN, [
    ART1k
    -ARTWN], was significantly reduced in the exposed group; i.
    e
    .
    1
    .
    9
    dB in the exposed group and 12.4 in Group C (Table
    6
    ). For the purpose of our study, the exposed group was re-classified into another two groups according to their HLs at 4 and
    8
    kHz; i.
    e
    . Group
    D
    (HL(4k+
    8
    k)/2
    <25 dB) and Group
    E
    (HL(4k+
    8
    k)/2
    >__=25 dB). The mean values of ARTs and HLs in Groups
    D
    ,
    E
    and C, which are summarized in Table
    7
    , show two interesting points. First, the significant elevation of ARTWN is observed not only in Group
    E
    but also in Group
    D
    with normal hearing acuity. Second. the lowering of
    ART1k
    is observed in Group
    E
    only. These results indicate that the elevation o ARTWN probably depends upon the exposure history to occupational noise but not upon the hearing loss, and that lowering of
    ART1k
    may be caused by the hearing loss of the subjects in the higher frequency region. These estimations may be supported by the fact that [
    ART1k
    -ARTWN] was 3.
    7
    dB in group
    D
    and 0.
    6
    dB in Group
    E
    (Table
    8
    ). Since damages of outher hair cells (OHC) in the Corti's organ do not always lead to hearing loss, it is conceivable that the reduction of [
    ART1k
    -ARTWN] is the results of the widening of the critical band width for AR due largely to the damage of OHC caused by the occupational noise exposure. Under this conception, the value of [
    ART1k
    -ARTWN] may be used as a sensitive and objectibe indicator for detecting and evaluating the early stages of noise-induced hearing impairment and individual susceptibility to noise.
  • 尾形 強, 佐藤 治代, 吉田 弘, 猪川 三郎
    日本化学会誌(化学と工業化学)
    1974年 1974 巻 2 号 382-385
    発行日: 1974/02/10
    公開日: 2011/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Beckmann rearrangement of aliphatic ketone oximes, R(CHs)C=NOH (R=Et (
    1
    ); n-Pr (2); iso-Pr (3); iso-Bu (4)), with polyphosphoric acid (PPA), polyphosphate ester (PPE), and ester of phosphoric acid (2 P-
    5
    R) was carried out and migratory ratios ((a)/(
    b
    ) in eq. (
    1
    )) were determined, The results are shown in Fig.
    1
    , 2, and 3, respectively.
    In Fig.
    1
    and 2, the migratory ratios decrease with reaction time and nearly approach to the ratios of anti-alkyl form/syn-alkylform in benzene(A
    1
    ) or DMSO(A2)except for (3) (See Table
    1
    ). From this fact, it has been found that PPA and PPE are inactive for isomerization of the oximes andanti-alkyl oximes rearrange faster than syn-alkyl ones. ln the case of (3), migratery ratios are smaller than Ai or A2. As acetonitrile is detected by GLC, it is presumed that fission has been occurred simultaneously with rearrangement in anti-alkyl oxime (eq. (3)). In the case of 2 P-
    5
    R, all modes of the reaction arethe same as in above, except that the rate of fission is tnuch faster than that in PPA and PPE.
    The reaction of anti-alkyl ketone oximes having a bulky grouphas been greatly influenced by the use of sterically demanding catalysts such asPPA, PPE, and 2 P-
    5
    R.
  • 金田 義宏, 加茂前 秀夫, 百目鬼 郁男, 尹 漢武, 中原 達夫
    家畜繁殖学雑誌
    1978年 24 巻 4 号 169-173
    発行日: 1978/12/05
    公開日: 2008/05/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    放牧牛において,prostaglandin F(PGF)とestradiol benzoate(
    E2B
    )の同時筋肉注射による発情同期化効果及び同期化された発情期における受胎性にっいて検討し,次の成績を得た。
    1
    .放牧牛31頭(ホルスタイン種未経産牛)において,黄体期にPGF15mgを筋肉注射(A群15頭)あるいはこれと同時に
    E2BO
    .
    5
    mgを筋肉注射(
    B
    群16頭)した結果,処置後31~
    96
    時間に発情が発現したものはA群では13頭(86.
    7
    %),
    B
    群では15頭(
    93
    .
    8
    %)であり,両群の間には大差がなかった。しかし,発情はA群では処置後37~84時間に13頭 (86.
    7
    %),
    B
    群では31~60時間に14頭(87.
    5
    %)に集中して発現し,
    E2B
    の併用によって発情発現までの時間は短縮した。
    2.排卵は,A群では処置後73~120時間に13頭(86.
    7
    %),
    B
    群では61~
    96
    時間に14頭(87.
    5
    %)に起こり,
    E2B
    の併用によって排卵の時期は処置後早期に,かつ短い時間帯に集中した。
    3.同期化された発情期に授精したA群の13頭中
    7
    頭(53.
    9
    %),
    B
    群の16頭中
    9
    頭(56.3%)がそれぞれ受胎し,受胎率において両群の間に差異はなかった。
    4.以上の成績から,PGF
    E2B
    を同時に併用筋肉注射することは,発情及び排卵の同期化に効果的であることを認めたが,この処置によって同期化された発情期の受胎性については,さらに多数例について検討する必要がある。
  • 増大する資源
    E
    . F. Boswell
    紙パ技協誌
    1998年 52 巻 7 号 885-889
    発行日: 1998/07/01
    公開日: 2009/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The world is in the midst of a huge fundamental shift in fibre supply, demand balances, and policy changes. Governments around the world are introducing policy changes which influence the supply demand balance as the politicians' thoughts are uttered. Government agencies and their bureaucrats are imposing changes on industry even before the legislation is passed by the government in question.
    This
    ad
    hoc change process will continue for a time to come until the countries in question show a tough-mindedness with regard to their land use policies. Policies affecting forest areas such as protection areas, Native land claims, the protection of biodiversity and a true goal of sustainable development ; which addresses the combined issues of cultural, environmental, social and economic matters.
    Eventually all of these difficult issues will reach essential closure. Then there will be great new opportunities for investment to meet the growing demand for forest products ; leading to a strengthening competitive position in the more traditional producing areas such as Canada.
  • 山本 雅史, Abkenar Asad Asadi, 松本 亮司, 根角 博久, 吉田 俊雄, 國賀 武, 久保 達也, 冨永 茂人
    園芸学会雑誌
    2007年 76 巻 1 号 36-40
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/03/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A3(CMA) 染色を行った.染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から
    7
    種類に区分できた.すなわち,CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する,
    B
    : 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する,C: 両端に有する,
    D
    : 一方の端部に有する,
    E
    : CMA(+) がない,F: 動原体近傍に有する,Dst: 付随染色体を有する
    D
    型,である.各種はこれらのうち 2~
    6
    種類の染色体を有し,独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した.C. medica では 2
    B
    +
    8
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. limon では
    1
    B
    +
    1
    C +
    8
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. aurantifolia では 2
    B
    +
    9
    D
    +
    7
    E
    C. aurantium では
    1
    A +
    1
    B
    +
    1
    C +
    7
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. sinensis では 2
    B
    + 2C +
    7
    D
    +
    7
    E
    C. maxima では 3A + 3C + 4
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. paradisi では 2A + 3C +
    6
    D
    +
    7
    E
    C. ichangensis では 2
    B
    + 2C + 12
    D
    + 2
    E
    C. latipes では 2A +
    5
    C +
    8
    D
    + 3
    E
    C. micrantha では
    1
    B
    + 11
    D
    + 4
    E
    + 2Dst,C. macroptera では 2
    B
    +
    1
    C + 11
    D
    + 3
    E
    +
    1
    F,C. hystrix では 3
    B
    +
    1
    C +
    8
    D
    + 3
    E
    + 2F +
    1
    Dst であった.
  • 山本 雅史, 久保 達也, 冨永 茂人
    園芸学会雑誌
    2005年 74 巻 6 号 476-478
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2006/02/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    わが国における主要中晩生および香酸カンキツ染色体のクロモマイシンA3 (CMA) 染色を行った. 染色体はCMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から
    5
    種類に区分できた. すなわち, CMA(+) をA: 両端および動原体近傍に有する,
    B
    : 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する, C: 両端に有する,
    D
    : 一方の端部に有する,
    E
    : CMA(+) がない, である. 各種はこれらのうち4,
    5
    種類の染色体を有し, 独自のCMAバンドパターンを示した. ハッサクでは
    1
    A+
    1
    C+
    8
    D
    +
    8
    E
    , ヒュウガナツでは2A+2C+
    5
    D
    +
    9
    E
    , ‘川野なつだいだい’では
    1
    A+2C+
    7
    D
    +
    8
    E
    , ‘宮内伊予柑’では
    1
    A+
    1
    B
    +
    1
    C+
    8
    D
    +
    7
    E
    , タンカン‘垂水
    1
    号’では
    1
    A+
    1
    B
    +
    1
    C+
    8
    D
    +
    7
    E
    , カボスでは3
    B
    +2C+
    5
    D
    +
    8
    E
    , スダチでは
    1
    B
    +2C+
    9
    D
    +
    6
    E
    およびユズ‘山根’では2
    B
    +
    1
    C+11
    D
    +4
    E
    であった. 以上の結果, 本研究においても近縁の種間では似通ったCMAバンドパターンが観察された.
  • 西村 聡, 東畑 郁生, 本多 剛
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2002年 42 巻 4 号 89-98
    発行日: 2002/08/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The rate dependent nature of liquefied sand was investigated by laboratory shear tests. Since previous experience has revealed the many difficulties inherent in maintaining the state of liquefaction of a sandy specimen, new measures were attempted. The test results indicate that the measured shear stress consists of frictional and rate dependent components, and a viscosity coefficient was assessed from the latter component. The measured viscosity varies with the rate of strain as well as the magnitude of strain itself. A similar test on a dry specimen revealed less viscosity and implied that a major part of rate dependency comes from the behavior of pore liquid in the case of water-saturated sand. It was interesting, moreover, that sand with fines was of less viscosity. Finally, a numerical analysis was conducted on a real liquefaction-induced ground deformation and the results were consistent with the observation.
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