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Characteristics of InAlGaAs/InAlAs Superlattice Avalanche Photodiodes for Ultra-low Optical Power Detection in the Near Infrared

Yasunori SAITO, Tomoyuki MARUYAMA, Hideaki YAMAKI, Fumitoshi KOBAYASHI, Takuya D. KAWAHARA, Akio NOMURA, Mitsuyoshi TANAKA

Optical Review
1999年 6 巻 5 号 459-463
発行日: 1999/10/01
公開日: 2000/03/28

DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-999-0459-8

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Static characteristics of two different structured InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SLAPDs) cooled by liquid nitrogen were evaluated at a wavelength of 1.
5
μm. The dark current of the SLAPD having a thick superlattice layer of
0
.504 μm was
5
×10^-13 A. This was successively reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the thin layer SLAPD of
0
.231 μm at a breakdown voltage of around 20 V. The thickened layer was effective in suppressing tunneling dark current. An output current of 1.7×10^-12 A at a bias voltage of 15 V was measured for an optical input with a wavelength of 1.
5
μm and a signal power of 1×10^-12 W. This showed a sharp distinction from the dark current.
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より実用的な飛行機への探求

Grover Loening

日本航空学会誌
1963年 11 巻 119 号 373-380
発行日: 1963年
公開日: 2009/05/25

DOI https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1953.11.373

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The effect of extended aging on the optical properties of different zirconia materials

Tariq F. Alghazzawi

Journal of Prosthodontic Research
2017年 61 巻 3 号 305-314
発行日: 2017年
公開日: 2017/09/12

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2016.11.002

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass–ceramic (
e
.max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).
Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-BioZX², DD-cubeX², NexxZr; and
e
.max were used as a control. This resulted in a total of
80
samples in the experiment. The L*, a* and
b
* were measured for each sample, and then the optical properties including translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated. The samples were aged (20, 40, 60,
80
, 100h), and the optical properties were calculated after each interval.
Results: Most zirconia brands had lower L*, higher a*, higher
b
* with increased aging, which visually corresponds to darker, redder, and more yellow. Aging also increased CR, lowered TP, and lowered OP.
e
.max was also affected by aging but still had the highest TP (23.
9
±2.
8
), L* (
81
.7±
3
.
4
), and lowest CR (
0
.41±
0
.05) compared to any zirconia. The Zenostar had the closest TP (24.1±
0
.
4
), and L* (90.2±
0
.
5
) values to
e
.max before aging. However, after 100h of aging, the DD-cubeX² was least effected and had the highest TP (
22
.2±
0
.
6
) and lowest CR (
0
.43±
0
.01) compared with other zirconia samples and highest OP (11.
3
±
0
.2) of all ceramic samples.
Conclusions: The optical properties of zirconia and
e
.max materials were affected by aging with the effects increasing with time. The magnitude of change was affected by seven brands of dental zirconia.

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GENERALIZED LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM METHOD AND ITS RELATION TO SLIP LlNE METHOD

榎明潔, 八木則男, 矢田部龍一, 一本英三郎

土質工学会論文報告集
1991年 31 巻 2 号 1-13
発行日: 1991/06/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.31.2_1

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It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that F_s=1 and ∂F_s/∂θ=O, where F_s is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : (1) Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and (
3
) All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.
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虚血性心臟病におけるコレステロール負荷時の血清リポ蛋白変動(第2報)

―特にアポ蛋白Eの変化について―

本間康彦, 三神美和, 佐藤美智子, 石原仁一, 吉川広, 木下栄治, 田川隆介, 星合充基, 古屋秀夫, 井出満, 田辺晃久, 玉地寛光, 兼本成斌, 友田春夫, 中谷矩章, 五島雄一郎

動脈硬化
1984年 12 巻 3 号 599-603
発行日: 1984/08/01
公開日: 2011/09/21

DOI https://doi.org/10.5551/jat1973.12.3_599

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Seven hundred fifty mg of cholesterol were fed daily to 32 patients of the ischemic heart disease (IHD) for 2 weeks. Cholesterol amounts in VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL₂ and
HDL₃
were estimated on the
0
th, 7th and 14th days of cholesterol load. Plasma apoprotein A-I, A-II,
B
, C-II,
E
levels were also measured in 16 from 32 IHD subjects. Apoprotein levels were estimated by a method of single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). Before cholesterol administration, cholesterol amounts in VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL₂ and
HDL₃
were 15.
9
±7.
5
mg/dl (mean±SD), 150.
9
±58.1mg/dl 43.
8
±
9
.
6
mg/dl, 16.
4
±
5
.
8
mg/dl and 24.
9
±
6
.
3
mg/dl respectively. Plasma apoprotein A-I, A-II,
B
, C-II and
E
levels were
81
.7±
22
.
0
mg/dl, 15.1±
5
.
4
mg/dl,
93
.7±36.
0
mg/dl,
3
.83±1.00mg/dl and
4
.29±1.36mg/dl respectively. After 2 weeks' cholesterol feeding, all plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein levels did not change significantly. Correlation coefficients between plasma apoprotein and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were calculated. Apoprotein A-I and A-II correlated with HDL-C (r=
0
.348), HDL₂-C (r=
0
.612) and
HDL₃
(r=
0
.569). Apoprotein
B
correlated with total cholesterol (TC) (r=
0
.610), VLDL-C (r=
0
.341), LDL-C (r=
0
.726), HDL-C (r=
0
.432) and HDL₂-C (r=
0
.465). Apoprotein C-II correlated with TC (r=
0
.765), TG (r=
0
.679), VLDL-C (r=
0
.651), LDL-C (r=
0
.461) and HDL₂-C (r=
0
.326). Apoprotein
E
correlated with TC (r=
0
.580), TG (r=
0
.575) and VLDL-C (r=
0
.666). Interapoprotein's correlations were also calculated. Apoprotein A-I correlated with apoprotein A-II (r=
0
.468). Apoprotein
B
correlated with apoprotein C-II (r=
0
.393). Apoprotein C-II correlated with apoprotein
B
(r=
0
.393) and
E
(r=
0
.549). Apoprotein
E
only correlated with apoprotein C-II (r=
0
.549).
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(
22E
, 24S)
5α
-Stigmasta-
3
,
22
-dien-
6
-one: An Intermediate of the Isomerization of (
22E
, 24S)-
3α
,
5
-Cyclo-
5α
-stigmast-
22
-en-
6
-one into (
22E
, 24S)-
5α
-Stigmasta-2,
22
-dien-
6
-one

Suguru TAKATSUTO, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
1988年 52 巻 12 号 3217-3218
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2006/04/05

DOI https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.3217

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MICROSEISM BARRIERS

M. L. GHOSH

Journal of Physics of the Earth
1972年 20 巻 2 号 165-186
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2009/04/30

DOI https://doi.org/10.4294/jpe1952.20.165

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.
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Role of Vitamins C and
E
in Regulating Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Markers in Preeclampsia

Mohd Suhail, Mohd Faizul Suhail, Hina Khan

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
2008年 43 巻 3 号 210-220
発行日: 2008年
公開日: 2008/10/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2008067

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We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group
B
which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins C and
E
. MDA increased from
6
.
22
± 2.
8
(placebo) to
8
.48 ± 1.2 (A) and
8
.02 ± 1.
8
nmol/gHb (
B
). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19.
3
±
4
.2 (P) to 23.
8
±
6
.
4
(A) and 24.1 ±
5
.
4
μmol/L (
B
). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2.
81
(P) to
8
.02 ± 2.92 (A) and
9
.39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (
B
), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from
0
.98 ±
0
.28 (P) to 1.24 ±
0
.29 (A) and 1.08 ±
0
.12 μmol/g Hb (
B
). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in
B
; GRx decreased 27% in A and
5
.
5
% in
B
; GPx decreased 12% in A and
9
.
6
% in
B
. Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in
B
as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins C and
E
should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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INSTALLATION TORQUE OF SCREW ANCHORS IN DRY SAND

ASHRAF GHALY, ADEL HANNA, MIKHAIL HANNA

土質工学会論文報告集
1991年 31 巻 2 号 77-92
発行日: 1991/06/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.31.2_77

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The performance of single pitch and multi pitch screw anchors during the application of installation torque is presented. An experimental testing program was conducted using five models of screw anchors with different geometry. The effect of the shape of the screw element, sand properties, and installation depth on the required installation torque value was examined. A theoretical model was developed from which the required installation torque value can be calculated in terms of the influencing factors. The required installation torque can be determined in terms of the ultimate uplift resistance calculated from any of the available theories. Based on the actual installation torque value measured in the field, the anticipated pullout capacity can be back calculated from the present theory. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement. Also, good agreement was observed when the present theoretical results were compared with the available field results reported in the literature.
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Cloning of Six Full-Length cDNAs Encoding Pig Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Gene Expression of these Enzymes in the Liver and Kidney

Misaki Kojima, Takeya Morozumi

Journal of Health Science
2004年 50 巻 5 号 518-529
発行日: 2004年
公開日: 2004/10/01

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.50.518

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Six full-length cDNAs encoding pig cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, CYP1A1, CYP2A19, CYP2
B
22
, CYP2C33v
4
, CYP2C49, and CYP2
E
1, were isolated and sequenced. The cDNA sequences of pig CYP1A1, CYP2A19, CYP2
B
22
, CYP2C49, and CYP2
E
1 showed high similarity to human CYP1A1 (85.
4
%), CYP2A13 (88.
6
%),
CYP2B6
(
81
.1%), CYP2C18 (85.
3
%), and
CYP2E1
(
82
.
5
%), respectively, and pig
CYP2C33v4
cDNA showed high similarity to rat CYP2C23 (79.2%). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays revealed hepatic gene expression of all these pig CYP enzymes: the order of expression was
CYP2C33v4
and
CYP2E1
> CYP2C49 > CYP1A1 and CYP2A19 >
CYP2B22
. In the kidney, the
CYP2C33v4
gene was expressed at the same level as in the liver, but the CYP1A1, CYP2A19, and
CYP2B22
genes were expressed at lower levels than in the liver. Little renal gene expression of CYP2C49 and CYP2
E
1 was observed. We revealed for the first time the full-length cDNA sequences encoding pig CYP1A1 and five CYP enzymes belonging to the CYP2 gene family, thus making it possible to examine the gene expression levels of these CYP enzymes in pig tissues by RT-PCR.

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カナダにおける製紙原料供給の現状

増大する資源

E
. F. Boswell

紙パ技協誌
1998年 52 巻 7 号 885-889
発行日: 1998/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19

DOI https://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.52.885

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The world is in the midst of a huge fundamental shift in fibre supply, demand balances, and policy changes. Governments around the world are introducing policy changes which influence the supply demand balance as the politicians' thoughts are uttered. Government agencies and their bureaucrats are imposing changes on industry even before the legislation is passed by the government in question.
This ad hoc change process will continue for a time to come until the countries in question show a tough-mindedness with regard to their land use policies. Policies affecting forest areas such as protection areas, Native land claims, the protection of biodiversity and a true goal of sustainable development ; which addresses the combined issues of cultural, environmental, social and economic matters.
Eventually all of these difficult issues will reach essential closure. Then there will be great new opportunities for investment to meet the growing demand for forest products ; leading to a strengthening competitive position in the more traditional producing areas such as Canada.
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Potential causes of different gastric stability of original and generic proton pump inhibitors

Daria Kurguzova, Svetlana Serebrova, Alexey Prokofiev, Ludmila Krasnykh, Galina Vasilenko, Marina Zhuravleva, Elena Smolyarchuk, Anton Barkov

日本薬理学会年会要旨集
2018年 WCP2018 巻 WCP2018_PO3-5-27
発行日: 2018年
公開日: 2020/09/10

DOI https://doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.WCP2018.0_PO3-5-27

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Background
The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.
Methods
Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G1;2;
3
;
4
) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH 1.2 (1.2±
0
.05) to pH 7.
0
(7.
0
±
0
.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH 7 exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is
4
minutes, i.
e
. the active substance should not be released within
4
minutes at pH 7. The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH
4
(
4
.
0
±
0
.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH 7 with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.
Results
Omeprazole concentrations after
4
, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH 7 solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were
4
,7±
0
,7%; 41,
4
±
3
,
0
%; 62,
8
±
4
,
0
%; 79,
5
±2,
9
%; 83,
5
±2,
9
%;
81
,
6
±2,
9
%;
80
,
6
±
4
,
4
%; for Generic1 -
0
; 49,
3
±
9
,
9
%; 88,
8
±2,
8
%; 90,
4
±
3
,7%; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,
3
±2,
0
%; 85,
9
±1,1%; for Generic2 -
0
; 30,
6
±
6
,
3
%; 66,7±
8
,2%; 76,
4
±7,
4
%;
82
,
8
±
5
,
3
%; 86,
0
±
3
,7%; 84,
6
±
3
,
3
%: for Generic
3
-
80
,
8
±
3
,
6
%; 83,
5
±1,
9
%; 83,
8
±
3
,2%; 83,
3
±2,7%;
81
,
9
±2,1%;
82
,1±2,
0
%;
82
,
0
±2,
4
%; for Generic
4
-
82
,
5
±1,7%; 84,
4
±
0
,
8
%; 84,2±1,2%;
82
,
9
±
0
,
9
%;
82
,
9
±
0
,
9
%;
82
,
9
±
0
,
9
%;
82
,
8
±1,1%, respectively.
An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH 7 solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO -
4
,
4
±
0
,
6
%; 40,
5
±
3
,
0
%; 62,
8
±2,
0
%;
80
,
0
±
3
,1%; 85,
4
±2,
9
%;
82
,
8
±
3
,
4
%;
80
,
9
±
3
,
5
%; for Generic1 -
0
; 67,
0
±7,
8
%; 89,7±2,
3
%; 91,
9
±
4
,
3
%; 89,1±1,
6
%; 88,
3
±1,
4
%; 87,
8
±1,2%; for Generic2 -
0
; 42,2±
5
,
6
%; 75,1±7,
3
%;
81
,
0
±
6
,
0
%; 88,
4
±
3
,2%; 88,
6
±1,
3
%; 87,
9
±1,
0
%; for Generic
4
- 85,
5
±
0
,
5
%; 85,
6
±
0
,
5
%; 84,7±
0
,
9
%;
82
,7±
3
,
0
%; 84,
4
±
0
,
3
%; 84,
4
±
0
,
3
%; 84,
3
±
0
,
4
%, respectively. Generic
3
release and degradation were completely realized at pH
4
.
Conclusion
Decreased gastric stability of Generic
3
and Generic
4
makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

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A biosynthetic pathway for (
E
)-methyl cinnamate formation in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake

Takefumi Hattori, Hiromitsu Tsuzuki, Hiroe Amou, Kumio Yokoigawa, Masanori Abe, Akira Ohta

Mycoscience
2016年 57 巻 3 号 181-186
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2023/03/07

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.01.001

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A biosynthetic pathway for (
E
)-methyl cinnamate formation was evaluated in Tricholoma matsutake by tracer experiments using ¹³C- and ²H-labeled precursors. One hundred percent selective ¹³C incorporation was observed when L-[1,2,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,7,
8
,
9
-^{13C₉
, ^15/N]phenylalanine was converted to (E
)-[1,2,3
,4
,5
,6
,7,8
,9
-^{13C₉
]cinnamate and (E
)-[1,2,3
,4
,5
,6
,7,8
,9
-^{13C₉
]methyl cinnamate. Similarly, 100% selective ¹³C incorporation was observed when (E
)-[1,2,3
,4
,5
,6
,7,8
,9
-^{13C₉
]cinnamate was converted to (E
)-[1,2,3
,4
,5
,6
,7,8
,9
-^{13C₉
]methyl cinnamate. In contrast, the ²H incorporation selectivities were 82
.1% and 81
.4
% when L-[2,3
,4
,5
,6
,7,7,8
-^{2H₈
]phenylalanine was converted to (E
)-[2,3
,4
,5
,6
,7,8
-²H₇]cinnamate and (E
)-[2,3
,4
,5
,6
,7,8
-²H₇]methyl cinnamate, respectively. Thus, T. matsutake synthesizes (E
)-methyl cinnamate from L-phenylalanine via (E
)-cinnamate. (E
)-cinnamate was likely formed through two pathways: one was major and the other was a minor.
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英国における過去半世紀 (1922～1972) 間の冶金用コークスの研究

George W. Lee

燃料協会誌
1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
発行日: 1973/03/20
公開日: 2010/06/28

DOI https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.171

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E
群色素性乾皮症の
3
例

袋秀平, 近藤靖児, 川田暁, 佐藤吉昭, 藤原美定, 比留間政太郎, 岡村理栄子, 儘田晃, 中山坦子

西日本皮膚科
1987年 49 巻 5 号 801-807
発行日: 1987/10/01
公開日: 2012/03/10

DOI https://doi.org/10.2336/nishinihonhifu.49.801

ジャーナル認証あり

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E
群色素性乾皮症(以下XP)の
3
例を報告した。XP
80
TO(50才), XP
81
TO(42才), XP
82
TO(41才)のいずれも女子で, XP
80
TOの両親が従兄妹である以外血族結婚はない。いずれも
5
∼
9
才ごろに日焼けしやすいことに気づいた。XP
80
TO,
81
TOはそれぞれ46才, 41才のときに顔面に皮膚腫瘍(basalioma)が発生し, 切除術を受けた。臨床的に露光部に粟粒大から大豆大までの色素斑, 脱色素斑を認めるが, 眼症状はみられない。一般臨床検査, 神経学的検査でも異常を認めない。光線テストで, 紫外線紅斑反応のピークはXP
80
TO,
81
TOでは48時間後, XP
82
TOでは24時間後で, 最小紅斑量(MED)は全例に中等度の低下を認めた。培養線維芽細胞の不定期DNA合成は正常の40∼44%で, また254nm紫外線に対する患者由来細胞の致死感受性はn=1.
3
∼1.
8
,
D₀
=2.2∼2.
8
J/m²であり, これらの値は正常人とA群XP患者の中間に位置した。相補性テストで
3
例とも
E
群と決定した。現在までに報告された本邦の
E
群患者例には血族結婚および皮膚腫瘍の発生はみられないが, 自験例で示されたごとく, 本邦例でも家系内同症や皮膚腫瘍について留意すべきであると考えた。
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Assessing the Optimal Location of Near Side Bus Stop to Enhance Advantages of Bus Signal Priority (BSP)

*Pradeep Kumar SHRESTHA, Fumihiko NAKAMURA, Toshiyuki OKAMURA

Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies
2009年 2009 巻
発行日: 2009年
公開日: 2010/08/25

DOI https://doi.org/10.11175/eastpro.2009.0.234.0

会議録・要旨集フリー

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In this paper, bus signal priority (BSP) with different near side bus stop position in reference to the average queue during red time of the selected intersection and bus detection after bus departure from stop was modeled. Three alternative positions such as bus stop within normal queue, at the end of normal queue and beyond the distance of normal queue were evaluated for traffic flow ratios of
0
.7,
0
.
9
and 1.1 by simulation method. Two objective functions i.
e
. decrease in delay for priority movement and increase in delay for non-priority movements were considered. Since there are two objective functions, Pareto-optimal situation arises. The optimal case was selected based on the shortest normalized distance to Pareto optimal sets. Bus stop at the end of normal queue outperforms reducing total person delay in priority direction with least increase in total person delay on non-priority direction.
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An Efficient Preparation of (
22E
, 24S)-
5α
-Stigmasta-2,
22
-dien-
6
-one from (
22E
, 24S)-
3α
,
5
-Cyclo-
5α
-stigmast-
22
-en-
6
-one

Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Suguru TAKATSUTO

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
1988年 52 巻 8 号 2117-2118
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2006/04/05

DOI https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.2117

ジャーナルフリー

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男子尿中 Estrogen の測定

R. I.・Ittrich-Fluorometry

田中啓幹

日本泌尿器科學會雑誌
1969年 60 巻 12 号 1125-1142
発行日: 1969年
公開日: 2010/07/23

DOI https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol1928.60.12_1125

ジャーナルフリー

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Urinary estrogens have been assayed chiefly with the Kober hydroquinone colorimetry or sulfuric acid fluorimetry. However, it is difficult to determine accurately small amounts of estrogens such as in urines from males, oophorectomized women or menopausal women. In this study, male urinary estrogens were determined by a modification of the method reported by Kambegawa and some experimental studies were made on male urines. 200ml aliquot of 24-hour urine is hydrolyzed by the
3
-step hydrolysis, added with estrone-
6
, 7³H, 17β-estradiol-
6
, 7³H and estriol-
6
, 7³H, and extracted with ether, followed by alkaline washes, methylation by a supersonic wave mixer, thin layer and column chromatography, liquid scintillation spectrometry and the Ittrich fluorometry. Results of experimental studies and estimation of urinary estrogens in males are as follows: 1) After the
3
-step hydrolysis, 54.
5
% of the urinary estrogens were collected as the glucuronide, 30% in the solvolyzed fraction and 15.
5
% as the hot acid hydrolyzate. 2) The methylation of estrogens was achieved 10-20% better by the use of the supersonic wave mixer than by a magnetic stirrer.
3
) Calculating efficiency of the Packard Tri-carb liquid scintillation spectrometer was tested in varieties of the estrogen concentrations using the dilution and the external standardization methods. There was noted no influence of the estrogen concentrations on the counting efficiency in the determination ranges.
4
) In the range of 2×10^{-3
-1.0μg
, a linear relationship on the standard curve was obtained applying the Allen's correction, when fluorometry was conditioned with the excitation light wave length of 510mμ and the fluorescence wave lengths of 530, 550 and 570mμ for each of the three estrogen-methyl ethers. 5
) Urinary estrogens were determined in 15 normal males. In 5
subjects (2-13 years old) the values were: E₁
: 1.06±1.09; E₂
: 0
.64±0
.54; E₃
: 0
.76±0
.68 and the total E
: 2.46±1.99μg/24hr. In 5
men (22
-38 years old), E₁
: 5
.02±1.57; E₂
: 2.58±0
.21; E₃
: 4
.11±1.82
and the total E
: 11.72±2.97μg/24hr. In 5
men (46-72 years old), E₁
: 3
.81
±0
.31; E₁
: 1.71±0
.48; E₃
: 3
.51±0
.94 and the total E
: 9
.03±1.33μg/24hr. 6) Urinary estrogens were also determined in patients with a variety of clinical syndromes.
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CONTINUOUS SHIFTWORKING IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES: DOES FIRM EFFICIENCY IMPLY HIGH HUMAN COSTS?

Cbesseredes HORTS

Journal of Human Ergology
1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
発行日: 1982/12/15
公開日: 2011/02/23

DOI https://doi.org/10.11183/jhe1972.11.Supplement_429

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10H-Benz [
b
] pyridazino [
3
,
4
-
e
] [1,
4
] thiazin und
5
H-Benz [
b
] pyridazino [
4
,
3
-
e
] [1,
4
] thiazin

米田文郎, 大高孝之, 新田義博

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1963年 11 巻 7 号 954-956
発行日: 1963/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.11.954

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