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CONTINUOUS SHIFTWORKING IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES: DOES FIRM EFFICIENCY IMPLY HIGH HUMAN COSTS?

Cbesseredes HORTS

Journal of Human Ergology
1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
発行日: 1982/12/15
公開日: 2011/02/23

DOI https://doi.org/10.11183/jhe1972.11.Supplement_429

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MECHANISM FOR WATER FILM GENERATION AND LATERAL FLOW IN LIQUEFIED SAND LAYER

國生剛治

地盤工学会論文報告集
2000年 40 巻 5 号 99-111
発行日: 2000/10/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.40.5_99

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In view of the significant role of the water film effect in flow failure for a liquefied sandy deposit, the mechanism of water film generation is numerically studied based on a 1-dimensional model test. The process of water film growth and decay can be simulated to a certain extent by a simple consolidation analysis, which indicates that only a small difference in permeability in layered sand is enough for a water film to develop. A 1 G shaking table test for a two-dimensional slope model with an arc of silt within a saturated sand is then addressed to discuss the dilatancy effect exerted in sheared sand during flow failure. It is possible that, once the water film is formed, the transmission of shear stress through it is interrupted, leaving the sand below free from the dilatancy ; this eventually allows the water film to stay without being absorbed during flow failure. The result of another shaking table test for a trapezoidal slope with horizontal silt seams indicate that water films beneath the seams enable the soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films very gently inclined even after shaking. If a silt seam breaks due to excessive pressure in the water film, it triggers re-liquefaction in the upper sand and leads to further instability.
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48(P-13) ヒメマツタケ培養菌糸体の新規骨格化合物blazeispirol類の構造と生合成(ポスター発表の部)

廣谷正男, 金子麻美, 廣谷聖子, 浅田善久, 吉川孝文

天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集
2000年 42 巻 48/P-13
発行日: 2000/10/01
公開日: 2017/08/18

DOI https://doi.org/10.24496/tennenyuki.42.0_283

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Agaricus blazei is an important fungus for producing bioactive compounds. There are some reports of polysaccharides and steroid derivatives from the fruiting bodies of A. blazei. However, the chemical examination of the secondary metabolites of the cultured mycelia of this species has not been reported. Eight compounds, an unprecedented skeleton have been isolated from the cultured mycelia of A. blazei. The structures of the novel compounds each named blazeispirols A (1), B (2),
C
(3),
D
(
4
),
E
(
5
) X(
6
), Y (
7
) and Z (
8
) were confirmed by extensive 1
D
and 2
D
NMR spectral data and X-ray analysis. Blazeispirols A (1), B (2),
C
(3),
D
(
4
) and
E
(
5
) were des-A-ergostane type compounds having spiroacetal structure as a side chain. Blazeispirols X (
6
) and Y (
7
) were determined to be (20S,
22
S, 23R, 24S)-1 (10→
6
) abeo-14β,
22
:
22
, 25-diepoxyergosta-
5
,
7
,
9
,11-tetraene-3α,23-diol and (20S,
22
S, 23R, 24S)-14β,
22
:
22
,25-diepoxy-
9
,23-dihydroxyergosta-
4
,
7
,11-triene-3,
6
-dione by comparison of extensive 1
D
and 2
D
NMR spectral data with that of blazeispirol A. The biosynthesis of blazeispirol A was investigated by feeding ^<13>
C
-labeled acetates and methionine to the growing cultures of A. blazei. The labeling patterns of 1 derived from singly and doubly ^<13>
C
-labeled acetates were consistent with that of ergosterol reported previously except for the A-ring and then ^<14>
C
-labeled ergosterol was incorporated into blazeispirol A. Taking the structures of blazeispirols Z and
D
into consideration, it can be assumed that blazeispirol A is biosynthesized from ergosterol by the cleavage of
C
-
4
,
C
-
5
and
C
-1,
C
-10 bonds on retro aldol condensation and Michael reaction via such as intermediate A as shown in Fig.
4
. A large number of ergostane-type steroids have been isolated from many fungi. However, blazeispirol A is the first example of a naturally occurring des-A-ergostane-type steroid including a spiroacetal structure moiety as a side chain.
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(
22E
, 24S)
5α
-Stigmasta-3,
22
-dien-
6
-one: An Intermediate of the Isomerization of (
22E
, 24S)-3α,
5
-Cyclo-
5α
-stigmast-
22
-en-
6
-one into (
22E
, 24S)-
5α
-Stigmasta-2,
22
-dien-
6
-one

Suguru TAKATSUTO, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
1988年 52 巻 12 号 3217-3218
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2006/04/05

DOI https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.3217

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ESTIMATE OF ELASTIC SHEAR MODULUS IN HOLOCENE SOIL DEPOSITS

澁谷啓, 田中洋行

地盤工学会論文報告集
1996年 36 巻 4 号 45-55
発行日: 1996/12/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.36.4_45

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An empirical equation in use for estimating the pseudo-elastic shear modulus, G_f, of subsoil, associated with shear strains less than 0.001% is proposed in this paper. In a series of in-situ seismic cone tests performed nationwide, the profiles of both G_f and the in-situ void ratio,
e₀
, with depth were successfully characterised at five sites, each comprising a soft clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. The database which comprised the original data from the field and laboratory tests, coupled with similar information on well-documented Holocene clay deposits in Europe, was statistically analyzed in attempts to determine a generalised relationship with which G_f of soft clay may be reasonably estimated only from routinely available borehole data; that is
e₀
and the current geostatic effective overburden pressure, σ'_v. An empirical relationship, G_f=
5
, 000
e₀
-
1.5
√(σ'_v) (kPa), was derived from the statistical analysis applied to data from seven different clays worldwide, for which
e₀
extended over a range between 1 and
5
, and the overconsolidation ratio ranged roughly between 1 and 2. The applicability of the proposed relationship was evaluated for two case records, each in which the clay exhibited unusual behavior; i.
e
., the undrained shear strength remained more or less constant with depth due to the existence of artesian pressure at one site, and, at the other, G_f decreased, whereas
e₀
increased, with depth. It was demonstrated that even in these clay deposits exhibiting exceptional profiles, the proposed relationship was capable of predicting G_f with a reasonable accuracy by determining the profiles of
e₀
and σ'_v with depth. In addition, the prediction when compared to G_max from carefully performed laboratory cyclic tests, yielded a better estimate of G_f from the in-situ seismic survey. Despite the fact that the empirical relationship was initially designated to estimate G_f of soft clays, it may be equally applicable to sandy deposits. This was verified by comparing it to similar, and well-established, relationships developed for sands. A case record as such is also described for a loose sand deposit at Higashi-Ohgishima in Tokyo Bay which was placed in 1960's by land reclamation.
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脂肪族ケトンオキシムのポリリン酸,ポリリン酸エステル,およびリン酸エステルによる Beckmann 転位反応-相対転位比の経時変化について-

尾形強, 佐藤治代, 吉田弘, 猪川三郎

日本化学会誌（化学と工業化学）
1974年 1974 巻 2 号 382-385
発行日: 1974/02/10
公開日: 2011/05/30

DOI https://doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1974.382

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The Beckmann rearrangement of aliphatic ketone oximes, R(CHs)
C
=NOH (R=Et (1); n-Pr (2); iso-Pr (3); iso-Bu (
4
)), with polyphosphoric acid (PPA), polyphosphate ester (PPE), and ester of phosphoric acid (2 P-
5
R) was carried out and migratory ratios ((a)/(b) in eq. (1)) were determined, The results are shown in Fig.1, 2, and 3, respectively.
In Fig.1 and 2, the migratory ratios decrease with reaction time and nearly approach to the ratios of anti-alkyl form/syn-alkylform in benzene(A1) or DMSO(A2)except for (3) (See Table 1). From this fact, it has been found that PPA and PPE are inactive for isomerization of the oximes andanti-alkyl oximes rearrange faster than syn-alkyl ones. ln the case of (3), migratery ratios are smaller than Ai or A2. As acetonitrile is detected by GLC, it is presumed that fission has been occurred simultaneously with rearrangement in anti-alkyl oxime (eq. (3)). In the case of 2 P-
5
R, all modes of the reaction arethe same as in above, except that the rate of fission is tnuch faster than that in PPA and PPE.
The reaction of anti-alkyl ketone oximes having a bulky grouphas been greatly influenced by the use of sterically demanding catalysts such asPPA, PPE, and 2 P-
5
R.
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Incoherent Scattering of an Electromagnetic Wave in the Mesosphere: A Theoretical Consideration

K. FUKUYAMA, W. KOFMAN

Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity
1980年 32 巻 2 号 67-81
発行日: 1980年
公開日: 2010/03/12

DOI https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.32.67

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Incoherent scatter spectra for a plasma with a negative ion component are calculated successively by the kinetic and hydrodynamic approaches. It is shown that mesospheric negative ions enhance significantly the scattered power and the width of the ion component of the incoherent scatter spectrum. A simplified method is proposed for determining the mesospheric parameters from the measured incoherent scatter spectrum.
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SMALL STRAIN SHEAR MODULUS OF CLAY SEDIMENTATION IN A STATE OF NORMAL CONSOLIDATION

澁谷啓, 三田地利之

土質工学会論文報告集
1994年 34 巻 4 号 67-77
発行日: 1994/12/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.34.4_67

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In this paper, consideration is given as to how to characterize depth-variation for the small-strain shear modulus of natural clay sedimentation, in a state of normal consolidation. A case study was carried out for a relatively uniform clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. Initially, the effects of both strain and in-situ stress levels on secant shear modulus were carefully examined in cyclic torsion shear tests using undisturbed samples, which were recovered at different depths in a test borehole. The range of shear strain examined was between 0.001% and 1%. Similar examination was made for a silty clay using reconstituted samples that were isotropically consolidated at different stress levels. On the basis of the results of these laboratory tests, together with the shear modulus from an in-situ seismic survey, the small-strain shear modulus was formulated in terms of the stress and strain levels, and linked also to undrained shear strength. Interactions of the small strain stiffness between in-situ and laboratory are discussed in depth with an attention paid to the existing aging effect in the original subsurface condition.
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Circuit Techniques to Enhance Linearity and Intrinsic Gain to Realize a 1.2V, 200MHz, +10.3dBm IIP3 and
7
th-Order LPF in a 65nm CMOS

Yasuhiro SUGIMOTO, Kazuma SAKATOH

IEICE Transactions on Electronics
2013年 E96.C 巻 6 号 867-874
発行日: 2013/06/01
公開日: 2013/06/01

DOI https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.E96.C.867

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Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS
7
th-order Gm-
C
linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a
7
th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -3dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, 3rd-order distortion, and 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.3dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.
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Stimulative Effects of (
22E
,24R)-Ergosta-
7
,
22
-diene-3β,
5α
,
6β
-triol from Fruiting Bodies of Tricholoma auratum, on a Mouse Osteoblastic Cell Line, MC3T3-
E
1

Keishi Hata, Fuyuki Sugawara, Naganori Ohisa, Saori Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hori

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
2002年 25 巻 8 号 1040-1044
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/08/01

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.1040

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-
E
1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS),
8
boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-
E
1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (
22E
,24R)-ergosta-
7
,
22
-diene-3β,
5α
,
6β
-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-
E
1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-
E
1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,
5α
,
6β
-triol (
4
),
7
-dehydrocholesterol (
5
) and cholecalciferol (
6
) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-
E
1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.
4
-fold by 10 μM
4
. However, 2, 3,
5
and
6
did not induce MC3T3-
E
1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at
C
-
5
and/or
C
-
6
of 1 and
4
played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-
E
1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-
E
1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.
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右房室弁の形態学的検索

その所属腱索および乳頭筋について

島田博

日本医科大学雑誌
1981年 48 巻 6 号 779-789
発行日: 1981/12/15
公開日: 2010/10/14

DOI https://doi.org/10.1272/jnms1923.48.779

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Although there have been numerous articles concerning the anatomy of the atrioventricular valve in man, only a few publications have recorded the relationship between the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship among the shape and size of the atrioventricular valve, the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. 50 subjects, as listed in Table 1, were analyzed by the Taniya-Hashimoto Method.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The right atrioventricular valve was classified into two types: 33 cases (66%) of three irregularly shaped cusps, i.
e
. type I, and 17 cases (34%) of four or five cusps, i.
e
. type II.
2) The average circumference of the right atrioventricular orifice (ostium atrioventriculare dextrum) was 11.96cm (
9
.63.15.06cm) in type I and 12.19cm (
9
.52.15.
22
cm) in type H. There existed no significant difference in the circumference of the atrioventricular orifice between type I and II.
3) The average length of the cusp-fundus (the length of the fixed margin of the cusp) was as follows:
type I: anterior cusp…………
4
.13cm (2.03-
6
.96cm)
posterior cusp…………3.62cm (1.21-
5
.44cm)
septalcusp……………
4
.21cm (3.11-
6
.08cm)
type II: anterior cusp…………
4
.10cm (2.68-
5
.42cm)
posterior cusp…………3.67cm (0.
94
-
5
.70cm)
septal cusp……………
4
.43cm (2.96-
6
.53cm)
4
) The average width of the cusp (the maximum distance between the apex and the fundus of the cusp) was as follows:
type I: anterior cusp…………1.86cm (1.26-2.29cm)
posterior cusp…………1.62cm (0.62-2.
94
cm)
septal cusp……………1.76cm (1.15-2.72 cm)
type II: anterior cusp…………1.
92
cm (1.40-2.34cm)
posterior cusp…………1.72cm (0.
94
-2.42cm)
septal cusp……………1.84cm (1.14-2.53cm)
The length or width of the cusp in type I was similar to that in type II.
5
) The papillary muscles consisted of five groups, which were named the anterior, postlateral, postmedial, postseptal and septal muscles. The average number of the papillary muscles per right ventricle was
5
.
7
(2.0.
9
.0). The chordae tendineae from the anterior papillarymuscles were attached to the anterior and posterior cusps and those from the postlateral and postmedial muscles were attached to the posterior and septal cusps. The chordae tendineae from the postseptal muscles were linked only to the septal cusp and those from the septal muscles were connected to the septal and anterior cusps.
6
) The average number of the stems of the chordae tendineae from the papillary muscles were as follows:
From the anterior papillary muscles………
7
.2 (2.0-14.0)
the postlateral papillary muscles……3.
5
(1.0-
8
.0)
the postmedial papillary muscles……
4
.0 (1.0-
8
.0) the postseptal papillary muscles……
4
.
5
(1.0-13.0) the septal papillary muscles………
5
.
7
(2.0-12.0)
The average n umber of the stems of the chordae tendineae per right ventricle was 24.
4
(16.0-35.0).
7
) The tip of the chordae tendineae are attached to the fixed margin of the valve cusp, i.
e
. type A, to the ventricular surface, i.
e
. type B and to the free margin, i.
e
. type
C
. The average number of them were 23.
4
(14.0-32.0) in type A, 19.2 (
4
.0-37.0) in type B and 68.1 (31.0-105.0) in type
C
. The average number of the apexes of the chordae tendineae per right ventricle was 110.
7
(53.0-166.0).
8
) The average number of the chordae tendineae for the anterior cusp was 34.
9
(12.0-64.0), for the posterior cusp 30.
5
(
5
.0-65.0) and for the septal cusp 45.3 (23.0-68.0).
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Ergonomic Issues in the USA

Thomas J. Albin

人間工学
1999年 35 巻 1Supplement 号 31
発行日: 1999/05/01
公開日: 2010/03/12

DOI https://doi.org/10.5100/jje.35.1Supplement_31

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不圧帯水層での揚水試験結果による不飽和浸透特性の算定方法

竹下祐二, 西垣誠, 河野伊一郎

土質工学会論文報告集
1990年 30 巻 2 号 199-210
発行日: 1990/06/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.30.2_199

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Furostanol Saponins from the Fresh Rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum

Jie Zhang, Bai-Ping Ma, Li-Ping Kang, He-Shui Yu, Yun Yang, Xian-Zhong Yan, Fang-Ting Dong

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
2006年 54 巻 7 号 931-935
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2006/07/01

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.54.931

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Ten furostanol saponins were isolated as five pairs of 25R and 25S epimers from the fresh rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum. Seven of them were identified as new compounds, (25S)-kingianoside
D
(2), (25S)-kingiano-side
C
(
4
), (25R,
22
)-hydroxylwattinoside
C
(
5
), kingianoside
E
(
7
), (25S)-kingianoside
E
(
8
), kingianoside F (
9
) and (25S)-kingianoside F (10), together with three known saponins, kingianoside
C
(1), kingianoside
D
(3), and
22
-hydroxylwattinoside
C
(
6
). The structures of the new saponins were determinded by detailed analysis of their 1
D
and 2
D
NMR spectra, and by comparison of the spectral data with those reported.
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An Efficient Preparation of (
22E
, 24S)-
5α
-Stigmasta-2,
22
-dien-
6
-one from (
22E
, 24S)-3α,
5
-Cyclo-
5α
-stigmast-
22
-en-
6
-one

Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Suguru TAKATSUTO

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
1988年 52 巻 8 号 2117-2118
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2006/04/05

DOI https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.2117

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CASE STUDIES OF IN-SITU STRUCTURE OF NATURAL SEDIMENTARY CLAYS

澁谷啓, 三田地利之, 黄聖春

地盤工学会論文報告集
2000年 40 巻 3 号 87-100
発行日: 2000/06/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.40.3_87

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Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus G_max and the undrained shear strength c_u with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey G_f. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding G_max behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.
e
., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.
e
., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate c_u"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory K_o test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".
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Engineering Education in Great Britain

H.
E
. Rose

工業教育
1962年 10 巻 1 号 236-243
発行日: 1962/12/25
公開日: 2009/07/23

DOI https://doi.org/10.4307/jsee1953.10.236

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ナガバノコウヤボウキから得られるセスキテルペノイドと青葉アルコール配糖体及びコウヤボウキのセスキテルペン配糖体

南雲清二, 河合賢一, 長瀬弘昌, 井上隆夫, 永井正博

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
1984年 104 巻 12 号 1223-1231
発行日: 1984/12/25
公開日: 2008/05/30

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.104.12_1223

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From the leaves of Pertya glabrescens SCH. BIP. (Compositae) a new germacranolide, 3-epipertilide (III),
C₁₅H₁₆O₄
, [α]^{17_D
+52°and a new glycoside (VIII), C₁₂H₂₂O₆
, [α]^{24_D
-36.5
°were isolated in addition to pertic acid (Ib), 3α-hydroxypertic acid (IIb), benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and methyl caffeate. On the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, III was determined to be stereoisomeric to pertilide (VI) at C
-3, namely [1 (10) Z, 4
E
]-(3S, 7
R, 8
S)-germacra-1 (10), 4
, 11 (13)-triene-12, 8
; 14, 3-diolide, and VIII, to be the β-D
-glucopyranoside of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (leaf alcohol). The conformation of III was assigned from the examination of its derivatives IV, Va and Vb in nuclear Overhouser effect and circular dichroism. A new bitter principle, glucohaageanolide (X), C₂₁H₃₀O₈
·H₂O, mp 155-165°C
(dec.), [α]^{20_D
+51.2°was isolated from the leaves of P. scandens (THUNB.) SCH. BIP. On hydrolysis X gave D
-glucose and a known sesquiterpene haageanolide (XI). In order to make clear the exact structure of X including its absolute streorchemistry, an X-ray structure analysis of X monohydrate was undertaken, resulting in determination of X to be [1 (10) E
, 4
E
]-(6
S, 7
S, 9
S)-9
-β-D
-glucopyranosyloxygermacra-1 (10), 4
, 11 (13)-trien-12, 6-olide.
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Antitumor-Promoting Constituents from Chaenomeles sinensis KOEHNE and Their Activities in JB
6
Mouse Epidermal Cells

Huiyuan Gao, Lijun Wu, Masanori Kuroyanagi, Kazunori Harada, Nobuo Kawahara, Takahisa Nakane, Kaoru Umehara, Ayako Hirasawa, Yoshiyuki Nakamura

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
2003年 51 巻 11 号 1318-1321
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2003/11/01

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.51.1318

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Primary screening of antitumor-promoting activity using soft agar colony assays with JB
6
cells was employed to isolate
22
compounds from Chaenomeles sinensis KOEHNE. These compounds were lyoniresinol-2a-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), lyoniresinol-2a-O-β-
D
-glucopyranoside (2), aviculin (3), betulinic acid (
4
), betulin (
5
), 3-O-(
E
)-p-coumaroylbetulin (
6
), 3-O-(
E
)-caffeoylbetulin (
7
), 3-O-(Z)-p-coumaroylbetulin (
8
), 3-O-(
E
)-caffeoyllupeol (
9
), alphitolic acid (10), sorbikortal II (11), tormentic acid (12), euscaphic acid (13), corosolic acid (14), maslinic acid (15), erythrodiol (16), 1-β-
D
-glucopyranosyloxy-3,
4
,
5
-trimethoxybenzene (17), avicularin (18),
7
-O-β-
D
-glucopyranosylkaempferol (19),
5
-O-β-
D
-glucopyranosylgenistein (20),
7
-O-β-
D
-glucopyranosylgenistein (21), epicatechin (
22
), and β-sitosterol (23) and were identified using spectral data such as MS, ¹H- and ^{13C
-NMR. Compound 1, having a rhamnosyl group, showed greater activity than 2, having a glucosyl group, and 3, which was a bis-demethoxy derivative of 1. Betulinic acid (4
), having a C
-28 carboxyl group, 3-O-(E
)-caffeoylbetulin (7
), and tormentic acid (12) showed more potent activity than betulin (5
), which has a C-28 hydroxymethyl group.
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Sterol Constituents from Five Edible Mushrooms

Yasunori YAOITA, Keiko AMEMIYA, Hiroyuki OHNUMA, Katsuyuki FURUMURA, Akihiro MASAKI, Toshihiko MATSUKI, Masao KIKUCHI

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1998年 46 巻 6 号 944-950
発行日: 1998/06/15
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.46.944

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Eight new sterols,
5α
,
8α
-epidioxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-23-methylergosta-
6
,
22
-dien-3β-ol (1), 3β,
5α
,
9α
-trihydroxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-23-methylergosta-
7
,
22
-dien-
6
-one (2), 3β,
5α
,
9α
-trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost-
7
-en-
6
-one (3), 3β,
5α
,
9α
, 14α-tetrahydroxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-
7
,
22
-dien-
6
-one (
4
), (
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-
7
,
22
-diene-3β,
5α
,
6α
,
9α
-tetrol (
5
),
5α
,
9α
-epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-
7
,
22
-dien-
6
-one (
6
),
5α
,
9α
-epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost-
7
-en-
6
-one (
7
) and
5α
,
6α
-epoxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-
8
,
22
-diene-3β,
7β
, 14α-triol (
8
), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (
9
-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.
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