We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins and . MDA increased from . ± 2.8 (placebo) to 8.48 ± 1.2 (A) and 8.02 ± 1.8 nmol/gHb (). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19.3 ± .2 (P) to 23.8 ± . (A) and 24.1 ± . μmol/L (). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2.81 (P) to 8.02 ± 2.92 (A) and .39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from .98 ± .28 (P) to 1.24 ± .29 (A) and 1.08 ± .12 μmol/g Hb (). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in ; GRx decreased 27% in A and .% in ; GPx decreased 12% in A and .% in . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins and should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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Pironetin 1 (PA-48153) is a novel unsaturated δ-lactone derivative isolated from the fermentation broths of Streptomyces species which shows immunosuppressive and plant growth regulating activities. Several total syntheses of 1 have been reported to date, but we show here a novel approach to 1 via a convergent route using our chiral building block, (1S,S,R)--hydroxybicyclo[.1.]heptan-2-one . We dissected pironetin at -7 and employed the coupling of the epoxide 16 with the dithiane 25, which would be derived from , as a key step. The THP ether of was methylated and the following reduction gave an inseparable mixture of four diastereomers 8. After etherification, removal of THP group afforded separable isomers a and in a ratio of 13 to 1. The desired major isomer a was oxidized to ketone . Oxidation of via silyl enol ether with osmium tetroxide gave ketol 21 in quantitative yield. Reduction of cyclopropylketone moiety of 21 under Birch condition afforded a mixture of a and . The ketol moiety of a and was oxidatively cleaved with lead tetraacetate in benzene-methanol to give the single aldo-ester 23. Acetalization of 23 followed by reduction of ester group gave aldehyde 24. Introduction of 2-unit via Takai's protocol as -olefin formation followed by thioacetalization afforded the dithiane 25, as 7-14 unit of pironetin. Meanwhile, the epoxide 16 as 1- unit was prepared from known epoxy alcohol 3 in steps. Coupling reaction of two units, the dithiane 25 and the the epoxide 16, successfully gave the product with the whole skeleton 26 in high yield. Mercuric ion assisted hydrolysis of the thioacetal 26 gave ketol 27. Selective reduction of β-hydroxyketone 27 by Mori's method afforded and-diol 28a predominantly (91: ). Finally, desilylation and oxidation with manganese dioxide afforded pironetin 1.

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Agaricus blazei is an important fungus for producing bioactive compounds. There are some reports of polysaccharides and steroid derivatives from the fruiting bodies of A. blazei. However, the chemical examination of the secondary metabolites of the cultured mycelia of this species has not been reported. Eight compounds, an unprecedented skeleton have been isolated from the cultured mycelia of A. blazei. The structures of the novel compounds each named blazeispirols A (1), (2), (3), D (), () X(), Y (7) and Z (8) were confirmed by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral data and X-ray analysis. Blazeispirols A (1), (2), (3), D () and () were des-A-ergostane type compounds having spiroacetal structure as a side chain. Blazeispirols X () and Y (7) were determined to be (20S, S, 23R, 24S)-1 (10→) abeo-14β, :, 25-diepoxyergosta-,7,,11-tetraene-3α,23-diol and (20S, S, 23R, 24S)-14β,:,25-diepoxy-,23-dihydroxyergosta-,7,11-triene-3,-dione by comparison of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral data with that of blazeispirol A. The biosynthesis of blazeispirol A was investigated by feeding ^<13>-labeled acetates and methionine to the growing cultures of A. blazei. The labeling patterns of 1 derived from singly and doubly ^<13>-labeled acetates were consistent with that of ergosterol reported previously except for the A-ring and then ^<14>-labeled ergosterol was incorporated into blazeispirol A. Taking the structures of blazeispirols Z and D into consideration, it can be assumed that blazeispirol A is biosynthesized from ergosterol by the cleavage of -, - and -1, -10 bonds on retro aldol condensation and Michael reaction via such as intermediate A as shown in Fig. . A large number of ergostane-type steroids have been isolated from many fungi. However, blazeispirol A is the first example of a naturally occurring des-A-ergostane-type steroid including a spiroacetal structure moiety as a side chain.

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3,3,7,11-Tetramethyltricyclo[.3..^<2,>]undecane skeleton is found in a number of natural products, which are divided into two groups, aromadendranes (I) and alloaromadendranes (II). Recently, some coupled compounds with other organic moieties were found, .g., macrocarpals (3), which were exhibiting HIV-RTase inhibitory activities. We planned to develop a general synthetic route to these compounds. We selected 7-substituted tricyclo[.3..^2,>]undecenone derivatives () as common key intermediates for both groups, I and II. Both nuclei would be obtained by control in the stereochemistry of the reduction of -8-- double bond. (+)-3-Carene () was converted to a cyclic β-keto ester 8 in a -step sequence. -Methyl derivatives (10 and 11) and -CH_2OTBDMS derivatives (12 and 13) were synthesized from 8. Compound 10 was converted to a tricyclic enone (a) by allylation at -2, the Wacker oxidation followed by the aldol ring closing reaction. Similarly, the enone was obtained from 12. Stereoselective introduction of a methyl group at -11 of was accomplished to afford 18 and selectively. Deoxygenation of 18 gave (+)-1,2-didehydroaromadendrane (24). Catalytic hydrogenation of afforded a /-trans compound 25 preferentially. The Birch reduction of also produced only 25. Compound 25 was converted to (+)-aromadendrene (1) by reduction of the ketone, esterification with PTC-Cl, radical reductive deoxygenation, deprotection of TBDMS, mesylation followed by elimination with DBU. (-)-Alloaromadendrene (2) was obtained from by an intramolecular-type hydrogen migration occurring in the reduction of the tosylhydrazone with a hydride as a crucial step.

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Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS 7th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a 7th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -3dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, 3rd-order distortion, and 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.3dBm, respectively, all with a ±.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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Various serum lipid levels (hypo-, normo- and hyper-cholesterolemic) are shown in dys-β-lipoproteinemia (-LP). Though type III hyper-LP (hypercholesterolemic dys-β-LP) is characterized by abnormal lipid composition of VLDL and elevaied level of apolipoprotein (apo ), diagnosis of normo- and hypo-cholesterolemic dys-β-LP are offenly difficult. At the present study, we established simple and sensitive methods to diagnose dys-β-LP only by measurement of serum apolipoproteins. In purpose to define new approach for diagnosis of dys-β-LP, serum apo , apo -II, apo -III and apo levels were determined by the method of single radial immunodiffusion. These apolipoproteins were analysed in subjects with dys-β-LP (n=7), hyper-LP (n=67) and normo-LP (n=41). A serum apo /apo -III ratio in dys-β-LP was 1.37±.59 (mean±SD). This value was significantly higher than the ratios among normo-LP (.45±.17), type IIa (.51±.11), type IIb (.45±.17), type IV (.45±.13) and type V (.47±.). A serum apo /apo (×100) ratio in dys-β-LP was 25.2±10.2. This value was also significantly higher than the ratios among normo-LP (.±1.), type IIa (.±.), type IIb (.7±1.), type IV (7.2±3.1) and type V (15.±.). Based on these data, it is proposed that the apo /apo -III ratio of >1. was diagnostic value of type III and the apo /apo (×100) ratio of >10. was also diagnostic value of normo- and hypo-cholesterolemic dys-β-LP. As to determine serum apolipoproteins very simple by single radial immunodiffusion method, the ratios will be useful for diagnosis and detection of dys-β-LP in clinical and epidemiological studies.

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A sample of [³H] tobrarnycin (, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
tiirough of the messenger RNA.

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Transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcPCO2) were continuously measured during open heart surgery for fifteen patients aging from to 58.
The Hagihara transcutaneous CO2 electrode was used. This modified Severinghaus blood gas electrode consists of a PH-sensitive glass electrode and a silver-silver chloride reference electrode covered by a hydrophobic CO2 permeable membrane from which they are separated by a sodium bicarbonate electrolyte solution. The heating unit is also contained in this sensor-unit to dilate skin capillaries. Sensor temperature was maintained at 44° throughout the study.
This sensor was attached at the thigh of the patient. During open heart surgeries, 117 arterial blood samples were taken for the determination of PaCO2. The regression curve between tcPCO2 and PaCO2 was
tcPCO2=1.11×PaCO2+..
Using this formula, corrected tcPCO2 was calculated. During operation, at every thirty minutes the tcPCO2 and PaCO2 was determined and during . . ., at every fifteen minutes, the determination was made.
The mean value of corrected tcPCO2 showed no statistical difference from that of PaCO2 throughout the study. Before . . ., the corrected tcPCO2 ranged between 26.8 and 34. and the PaCO2 between 27. and 34.2 During . . ., the corrected tcPCO2 ranged between 18. and ., PaCO2 between 17. and 21.. After . . ., the corrected tcPCO2 ranged between .2 and 37., PaCO2 between 24.8 and 33.8mmHg respectively.
This value of tcPCO2 with this machine proved to have a good coefficient with that of PaCO2 (r=.93).
In conclusion, this transcutaneous CO2 electrode is very useful for the monitoring of PaCO2 during open heart surgery.

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A review of the actinide and lanthanide extraction chemistry by N, N-dialkylamides and N, N'- tetraalkylamides is given. It includes the extraction equilibria of inorganic acids. The prospects of using. these completely incinerable extractants in the nuclear fuels cycle is discussed.

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Nine isoquinoline alkaloids belonging to the protoberberine, proaporphine and bisbenzyl-isoquinoline series were isolated from Caryomene olivascens (Menispermaceae). Four compounds are new : (-)-2-norlimacine (), (-)-caryolivine (), (+)-1, 2-dehydro-2-norlimacusine () and N-formylstepharine (3). The last one is the first N-formyl derivative to be reported in the proaporphine group. Its biogenetic origin is discussed. Structures were established on the basis of 360 MHz (FT) nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and also by chemical correlation in the case of 3.

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A full account is given of the chemical behavior observed for 7, -dialkyladeninium salts (16). On treatment with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH for 60min, 16a, , d, (X=I), 16 (X=Br), and 16f (X=) rearranged to isomeric , 7-dialkyladenines (21a-f) in 50-91% yields. Treatment of the salts with .N aqueous Na₂CO₃ at room temperature for 30-90min or with Amberlite CG-400 (OH^-) in H₂O at room temperature gave the ring-opened derivatives a-f (in the trans-formamide form) in 56-83% yields, and rate constants for the ring-opening reactions of 16a, , d-g (X=) and 16 (X=Br) leading to a-g were determined in H₂O at pH .84 and ionic strength .50 at 25°. Cyclization of a with NaH in AcNMe₂ at room temperature or with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH produced 21a in 84% or 72% yield, respectively.In solution, the trans-formamides seemed to transform slowly into the cis-formamides 23, attaining equilibria. The existence of such an equilibrium in D₂O or Me₂SO- at 25° or in H₂O at pH .84 and ionic strength .50 at 25° was kinetically confirmed in the case of a, and the mechanism of the rearrangement of 16 to 21 through is discussed on the basis of the above kinetic results and Deslongchamps' theory of stereoelectronic control. On treatment with in MeOH at room temperature, 16a (X=I) furnished the 7, 8-dihydro derivative 28 (84% yield), which slowly decomposed in H₂O at 60° to give a in 49% yield.The 7, -dialkyladeninium salts (16) were found to be obtainable from N'-alkoxy-1-alkyl--formamidoimidazole--carboxamidines () through an alternative synthetic route : Alkylations of with alkyl halides in HCONMe₂ in the absence of base, followed by hydrogenolysis of the N'-alkoxy group and cyclizatio (or vice versa) produced 16 in acceptable yields. In order to interpret the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a, the 2-deuterated species 26 was also synthesized from 24 via 25 and 27.

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