両性イオン型高分子をレーヨンに混合紡糸した臭気物質のための新規な繊維状吸着材を試作し，水溶性臭気物質に対する吸着・除去特性を調べた．アンモニアに対する吸着特性を調べたところ，本繊維状吸着材は，繊維母材であるレーヨンと比較して明らかに大きい吸着量と吸着速度を示した．また，消臭加工繊維製品認証試験に従った減少率評価試験を行ったところ，本繊維状吸着材は酸やアミンに対して高い減少率を示したが，アルデヒドや硫化水素に対しては低い値であった．これらの結果から，本繊維状吸着材の吸着機構は，吸着材表面に形成される水和層への分配と両性イオン型官能基への静電的相互作用であることが示唆された．さらに，本繊維状吸着材の再利用の可能性について調べたところ，酢酸に対しては水洗浄により再生可能であることが判った．本検討の結果，本繊維状吸着材は水溶性でかつイオン性を有する臭気物質の吸着・除去に適用可能であると考えられた．

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日本人は昔から毎日の入浴習慣があり， 体臭も比較的少なく，香りは控えめのものを好む傾向があった．しかし近年，香水や様々な海外製品に触れる機会が多くなったことや食べ物も欧米化したことなどから，香りの嗜好が多様化していることがうかがえる．香りを嗅いでリラックスやリフレッシュをしたい，香りで楽しく幸せな気分で家事をしたいなどのニーズがあらわれてきている．本稿では，重要な役割を占めるようになってきたトイレタリー製品の香り開発事例について報告する．

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化粧に関する心理学的研究は，1980年代から盛んになってきた．化粧は慈しむ化粧（スキンケア）と飾る化粧（メーキャップ・フレグランス)に大別されるが，感情に及ぼす影響に関する研究は，そのいずれもが高揚と鎮静をめぐるものであった. 喩えるなら，メーキャップによって心を固く結んで「公」の顔をつくって社会に飛び出し，帰宅後にはメーキャップを落とし，スキンケアをすることで心の結び目を解いて「私」の顔に戻るのである．すなわち，化粧は日常生活に組み込まれた感情調節装置である．

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本研究では，色と香りの印象的次元における調和性を検討した．まず，色や香りの印象的次元の抽出と調和関係を検討した．その結果，印象的次元としてMILD，CLEARの2次元が得られ，これらを変数として調和予測式を構成した．次に，色と香りの調和，不調和ぺアを用いて組み合わせによる効果を検討した．そこから，調和ぺアでは，色，香りの本来の印象が強調されること，調和ぺアの方がストレス緩和効果が高いことが分かった．以上を踏まえ，調和予測式を可逆的に確かめた上で，色と香りの調和モデルを提案した．

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においに対するヒトの感覚強度は，加齢とともに変化することが確認されており，高齢者では徐々に感度が低下する．一方，においの質の違いを嗅ぎ分けるような識別力は，においの種類によって結果に違いが生じる．例えば，食品は身近で日常的に慣れ親しんでいるものであり，そのにおいとそうでないにおいとでは，馴染みのあるにおいのほうが識別率は高い．また，においに対する嗜好には，生活環境や習慣が関与する．ここでは，においに対する識別や嗜好の様子から，においがヒトの認知機能にどのような関わり方をしているのか考えてみたい．

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本研究では，都市ガスの臭質カテゴリーを用い，現行の付臭剤および付臭剤候補の臭気の反復提示が臭質カテゴリーへの適合度評定に用いられるテンプレートの様相に及ぼす影響について検討した．実験協力者は，異なる提示スケジュールで臭気の反復提示を経験した後に各臭気における「都市ガスのニオイ」という臭質カテゴリー名に対する違和感評定課題を実施する2つの反復提示あり群，もしくは違和感評定課題のみに参加する反復提示なし群のいずれかに振り分けられた．違和感評定値に基づいて，群ごとに実験協力者を更に新規付臭剤敬遠群（以後，敬遠群）と新規付臭剤受容群（以後，受容群）に分割し， 3群間で敬遠群と受容群の人数分布を比較したところ，臭気の反復提示により両群の人数分布は変化し，敬遠群が受容群に変容する可能性が示唆された．従って，臭気の反復提示後には臭質カテゴリーへの適合度評定に新たなテンプレートが用いられる可能性が示された．

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本論文では，形の印象に関する研究を概観し，つづいて形がにおいの印象に及ぼす影響を検討した実験を紹介した.「角がある」図形を伴ったにおいは強く感じられ，曲線性の低い図形が刺激的な感情を伝えた可能性が考えられた．この現象は，「角がある」印象を有するにおいで顕著であり，においと形の印象が合致すると刺激が強く感じられることが示唆された．オノマトぺを用いたにおいの印象評価においても，形の印象の影響を受けることが示され，その傾向は特に普段においに関心のない人で明確であった．しかしにおいの快不快には形の影響は見られなかった．

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,5α,-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,5α,-triol (), -dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.-fold by 10 μM . However, 2, 3, 5 and did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C- of 1 and played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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In order to study the flavor of French fries (FFs) prepared in different frying oils, we identified and compared the volatiles of FFs fried in high-oleic sunflower oil (HSO), sunflower oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), and palm oil (PO) during prolonged 24 h frying time. 47 different kinds of volatiles were presented, and aldehydes were the most abundant compounds. The FFs prepared in SO were rich in alkadienals, especially the (

, )-2,-decadienal, thus inducing the highest deep-fried odor. The content of alkenals was higher in FFs prepared in HSO, among which ()-2-nonenal and 2-undecenal provided the undesirable oily flavor. Whereas, FFs prepared in PO were rich in alkanals, and showed an undesirable green aroma because of hexanal. Besides, the aldehydes in FFs fried in LO were the least with more undesirable flavor substances (.g. (, )-2,-heptadienal). In addition, except for the FFs fried in LO, the aldehydes in other FFs showed an increasing trend. While, the volatiles from the Maillard reaction (.g. pyrazines) showed no clear pattern. Meanwhile, frying process had optimum frying window (approximately 12 h with total polar compounds content of 14.5%-.2% in different oils), and the French fries prepared in this period obtained higher flavor score. Therefore, the comparison related to volatiles of FFs provided a basis for the flavor control to a certain extent.

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In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

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The Japanese macaque is an endemic species consisting of two subspecies: Macaca fuscata fuscata (MFF) and Macaca fuscata yakui (MFY). The MFY is indigenous to Yakushima Island and represents a subspecies of MFF that lives from Honshu to Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan. However, the differences in the skulls of the MFY and MFF are unknown, despite these subspecies having different skull sizes. The maxillary sinus (MS) indicates that the features of the frontal view reflect the transversal growth of the maxilla of the skull. In this study, we show the MS structures of the MFF (n = 9, 18 sides) and MFY (n = 10, 20 sides) using a cone-beam computed tomography instrument. Base on three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images the MS and nasal cavity were found to present almost to no significant differences between MFF and MFY. However, we designated three classifications of the sinus floor based on the 3D MS images of these Japanese macaques: a round-like shape (type a, MFF = 66.% (12/18), MFY = 45% (9/20)), a flat-like shape (type b, MFF = .2% (/18), MFY = 35% (/20)), and an irregular shape (type c, MFF = 11.1% (2/18), MFY = 20.0% (/20)). The sinus floor shapes of the MFF were mostly type a, while those of the MFY were mostly type b. The prevalence of a root contacting the cortical bone is higher in the canine (26.%, (8/30)) and second premolar (20%, (/30) of the MFY at the nasal cavity, moreover, this value is higher in the third molar (42.9%, (9/21)) of the MS in the MFY. These results suggest that the features of the floor of the MS are related to the differences in maxillary root apices teeth between MMF and MMF.

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Osteoporosis is leaving bones more fragile and susceptible to fracture. It has a massive impact, both physically and mentally, markedly diminishing quality of life. A new form of therapeutic exercise or physical therapy that mitigates the abrupt decrease in bone density in postmenopausal women must quickly be developed to avoid those problems. In this study, ovariectomy (OVX) mice were used as models to simulate the decrease in bone density observed in postmenopausal women. Physical therapy via a shaking stimulus, in the form of moving a platform that rotates in a roughly circular motion in the horizontal plane, was studied as a way to prevent the decrease in bone density of the lumbar vertebrae by analysis of bone histomorphometry, a feat that the stimulus from conventional therapeutic exercise and physical therapy have failed to achieve. Comparison of the stimulus/ovariectomized (+/+) group with the -/+ group indicated significant increases in ES (P < 0.01), N. Mu. Oc (P < 0.05), OV (P < 0.05), O. Th (P < 0.01), and L. Th (P < 0.01) in the +/+ group. If this finding is used clinically, we believe that it could lead to therapy that would prevent compression fractures of the lumbar vertebrae.

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Using the so-called pseudo-static method, a stability analysis was made for the mountain slide that took place at Mitake-iriya village at the time of the Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake of January 14, 1978. Undisturbed samples of volcanic clay were obtained in blocks from the exposed surface of the deposit identified to have been the sliding surface. The partially saturated clay samples were tested under consolidated undrained conditions using the triaxial test equipment. Dynamic axial stresses with irregular time histories were applied to the specimens in combination with statically sustained axial stresses to determine the soil strength under the conditions simulating in-situ states of stress during the earthquake. The results of the tests were expressed in terms of the Mohr-Coulomb type failure criterion which showed that, while the angle of internal friction remained almost unchanged, the cohesion component in irregular loading increased above values obtained in the static loading. Using the strength parameters thus determined, a pseudo-static analysis was made to check the stability of the soil masses that had actually slid during the 1978 earthquake. The maximum horizontal acceleration required to cause the slide was computed. The computed accelerations were shown to cover a range between 400 and 500 gals which is consistent with the range estimated by other investigators on the basis of overturning of tombstones in the vicinity of the slide area.

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A study was conducted on olive oils extracted from olives collected in South West Calabria (Southern Italy) over three harvest years 2010-2011-2012. Three autochthonous cultivars were considered: Cassanese, Ottobratica and Sinopolese and seven allochtonous cultivars: Coratina, Itrana, Leccino, Nocellara Messinese, Nociara, Pendolino and Picholine. Thin Layer Chromatography – Gas Chromatograph (TLC-GC) technique permitted the separation and analysis of the fatty alcohol compounds. A general decline in fatty alcohol content was found during the three months of sampling, most evident in hexacosanol. Pendolino showed the greatest decline. A less evident decrease was measured in the odd chained fatty alcohols, mainly in heptacosanol. Both harvest date and cultivar significantly influenced the fatty alcohol content. This is the first report about the fatty alcohol variation during ripening in olive oil produced in South West Calabria (Southern Italy).

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CAST-128 is a block cipher used in a number of products, notably as the default cipher in some versions of GPG and PGP. It has been approved for Canadian government use by the Communications Security Establishment. Haruki Seki et al. found 2-round differential characteristics and they can attack 5-round CAST-128. In this paper, we studied the properties of round functions F₁ and F₃ in CAST-128, and identified differential characteristics for F₁ round function and F₃ round function. So we identified a -round differential characteristic with probability 2^-53 under 2^-23.8 of the total key space. Then based on -round differential characteristic, we can attack 8-round CAST-128 with key sizes greater than or equal to 72bits and 9-round CAST-128 with key sizes greater than or equal to 104bits. We give the summary of attacks on reduced-round CAST-128 in Table 10.

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人は自らの情動を表出したいという願望を持っているが、その実施は困難であったり、社会的な問題を引き起こすことも多い。表出筆記とは、自らの感情を包み隠さず自由に書き表すことを指し、これは、制約下がある多くの状況においても行なうことができる。本論文は、筆記開示とその心身の健康に及ぼす効用についてこれまでの研究を概観していく。自らの感情を筆記することは、健常群でも臨床群でも心身の健康に効果をもたらすことが示されている。この効果は、文化を超えて、また幅広い参加者において繰り返し報告されている。本論文後半では、効果が生じるメカニズムと開示の弊害、そして新たな試みについて論じる。開示を行なうと、一般に短期的なストレス反応が生じた後、長期的な改善効果が見られる。このような開示の効果のメカニズムについては、現在までに、複数の見解が提案され研究が進められている。近年では、筆記開示は新たなテクノロジーと組み合わされて、様々な場面に適用され始めている。

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