Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (a and ), and -thiepins (a and ) were synthesized. Compounds a and were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric -methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated a and (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of a (trans), (cis), a (trans) and (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On

% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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11-Amino-, a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (a-d) and -oxepines (a-d) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (1a, )and -oxepines (a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products a-d and a-d, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) a and a, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) and , trans(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)c and c, and trans(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) d and d, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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(,)-,-エポキシ-,,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-,-ジエン()をフムレン1((,,)-,,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-,,-トリエン)より合成する既知の合成法は実際に牧率が低く合成的に問題がある.さらに,の合成はその反応性や物性の研究のために簡単に高牧率で行われることが望まれる.今回,の新たな合成法と簡便な精製法を見いだし,を高牧率で1から合成することができたので報告する.1のジエポキシ化,続く再結晶により得られたジエポキシド()は二価のチタンにより還元されて,1(273%)と(25%)と少量のを含むを主生成物(42.%)として与えた.1とは原料として再利用できる.の精製は1と同様硝酸銀()錯体の結晶で行い,純粋なは1から通算牧率32.0%で得られた.の既知方法による合成は段階の反応と数回のカラム分離及び10%含浸シリカゲルカラム分離を必要とし牧率が極端に低い.今回,新しいの合成法は段階の反応で1回のカラム分離と再結晶により高い通算牧率を示す.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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-Benzyl--chloro--mercapto- (H)-pyridazinone (1) was heated in ethanol under reflux for 10 hours to form concurrently , -dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-1, (H, H)-dione (Ia) (57% in yield) and , -dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-1, (H, H)-dione (IIa) (14% in yield). Assignment of the two products to the corresponding structures is established by their physico-chemical constants and chemical behaviors. The concurrent formation of the dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-1, -dithiin-1, (H, H)-dione and the -1, (H, H)-dione were observed in, not only heating -chloro--mercapto- (H)-pyridazinones (1-) in polar solvent, but warming -mercapto--chloro- (H)-pyridazinones (-) in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF. For the interpretation of the reaction, keto-thioketo carbenes as active intermediate species and a reversible interconversion among them are suggested on the basis of the fact that there was nonexistence of an equilibrium between the two compounds, such as Ia and IIa, under the reaction condition and a trapping keto-thioketo carbene species as -phenylimino--benzylpyridazo [, -d]-1, -dithiol- (H)-one (IVa) (14% in yield) along with the major products, (Ia) and (IIa), was furnished by warming 1 with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of triethylamine in dry benzene. On the contrary, participation of a reversible interconversion between Ia and IIa, to a considerable extent, with the concurrent formation of them in the case of benzylation of either Ib or IIb, by warming with benzylchloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF at °, might not be neglected, because an attempted approach to an equilibrium between Ia and IIa in a similar reaction condition except the use of benzylchloride realized, whereas non-existence of an equilibrium between Ib and IIb in the similar reaction condition was observed.

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.mol%Ni-.0mol%Mo-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.mol%Ni-.mol%Mo-30.mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.mol%Mo-10.mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
:L (1633K, 42.mol%Ni-40.mol%Mo-17.mol%)+Mo=+
:L (1812K, 53.mol%Ni-33.mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.mol%W-17.mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-.0mol%W-.0mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.mol%Ni-.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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Using the so-called pseudo-static method, a stability analysis was made for the mountain slide that took place at Mitake-iriya village at the time of the Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake of January 14, 1978. Undisturbed samples of volcanic clay were obtained in blocks from the exposed surface of the deposit identified to have been the sliding surface. The partially saturated clay samples were tested under consolidated undrained conditions using the triaxial test equipment. Dynamic axial stresses with irregular time histories were applied to the specimens in combination with statically sustained axial stresses to determine the soil strength under the conditions simulating in-situ states of stress during the earthquake. The results of the tests were expressed in terms of the Mohr-Coulomb type failure criterion which showed that, while the angle of internal friction remained almost unchanged, the cohesion component in irregular loading increased above values obtained in the static loading. Using the strength parameters thus determined, a pseudo-static analysis was made to check the stability of the soil masses that had actually slid during the 1978 earthquake. The maximum horizontal acceleration required to cause the slide was computed. The computed accelerations were shown to cover a range between 400 and 500 gals which is consistent with the range estimated by other investigators on the basis of overturning of tombstones in the vicinity of the slide area.

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A mixture of two monoterpenes was obtained as the opisthonotal gland secretion from unidentified Histiogaster sp. A096 (Acari: Acaridae), and their structures were elucidated to be ()-dehydrocitrals[(,)- and (Z,)-,-dimethyl-,,-octatrienals] by GC/MS, GC/FT-IR, UV and ¹H-NMR spectra. Both isomers of ()-dehydrocitral prepared by syntheses in steps from -methyl--butenal with 34.% yields (based on the ylide) were separated by column chromatography into the (,)- and (Z,)-,-dimethyl-,,-octatrienal. Mass spectra together with GC retention times of the purified natural ()-dehydrocitrals were identical with those of synthetic (,)-,-dimethyl-,,-octatrienal and (Z,)-,-dimethyl-,,-octatrienal. The geometry at the -C position of both synthetic ()-dehydrocitrals was confirmed by NOESY analyses. This is the first identification of ()-dehydrocitrals from the animal kingdom.

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Using two direct introduction methods, DNA synthesis or cell proliferation activities of three purified proteins from . coli, namely, human papillomavirus (HPV) proteins of type 16, a mutant type 16 (24 C-G) (transformation defective) and type , were measured in mouse fibroblast, C127 cells. By a microinjection method, the order of the cell mitotic indexes for the three proteins as determined by -bromo-'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) staining was type 16, and 16 (24 C-G). By the osmotic shock method, the

3H

-TdR incorporation and coloration by (

3

-carboxymethoxy phenyl)-

2

-(

4

-sulfophenyl)-

2

H-tetolazorium (MTS) for the three proteins correlated with the pRb binding and focus forming activities previously reported (hunger et al. 1991). These results indicate that the simple osmotic shock method for direct protein introduction may be generally useful for transformation assays of oncoproteins.

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Two new polyacetylene compounds (, , 12)-1-acetoxy--isovaleryloxytetradeca-, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (), and (, , 12)-1-acetoxy--(-methylbutyryloxy)tetradeca-, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (C) have been isolated along with (, , 12)-1-acetoxy--senecioyloxytetradeca-, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (A) from Atractylodes Rhizome (Karabyakujutu). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectral data.

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When a mudflow moves down a slope, the gravity induced shear stress, τ, is opposed by the combined effect of the undrained shear strength, c_u, of the mud, and its viscosity, η, which is associated with the velocity gradient in the mudflow, dv/dy. In equation form this can be expressed as : τ= c_u+η(dv/dy). The resistance provided by the mud involves the contribution of both c_u and η. For an understanding of the mobilization mechanics of mudflows, one needs then these two parameters. This study describes two methods that can be used to determine these parameters. The c_u of the muds is measured using a cylinder-strength meter devise. The technique associated with this devise consists in lowering a cylinder of known dimension and weight into a mud sample, measuring the depth of penetration of the cylinder into the mud, and calculating the strength, c_u, of the mud required to support the solid cylinder at that depth. The c_u of the mud is calculated using Sokolovski's theory designed to calculate the indentation pressures developed by a Tresca plastic when a cylinder penetrates it. The determination of the viscosity, η, of the mud is obtained from either the velocity measurements of the free surface of the mudflow, or from the difference between the velocity of the free surface of the mudflow and its velocity at the interface between the mudflow and the surface on which it moves. The viscosity η is obtained from a relationship that relates these velocities with η.

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In order to elucidate the typhoid and paratyphoid phage type distributions in Japan, during the period of 1956-1965, a total of 1, 808 typhoid cases from 1, 002 foci and 114 paratyphoid cases from foci were submitted for phage typing of their infected organisms, and the following results were obtained.
1. The typhoid strains tested fell into at least 30 Vi-phage types. The sequence of frequency as counted by foci was as follows : types D (20%), M1 (13%), 1 (12%), A (.%), N+D1 (.%), D1 (.%), D (.%), (.%), 39 (1.%), H (1.1%), J1 and 46 (0.%) ; C, L1 and 41 (0.50%) ; 1, , C, D, D10, , , , L, T, 28, 29, 36, 38 and 47 (less than 0.50%) . Distri-bution of typhoid Vi-phage types in Japan was characteristic of preponderance of types D and M1.
. Of the foci studied, .% could not be assigned that their causative organisms belonged to any hitherto recognized Vi-phage type.
. The prevalent typhoid Vi-phage types, D, M1, 1, A and N+D1 were evenly encountered throughout the last ten years and distributed among almost throughout the country.
. Some of the rearly recognized typhoid Vi-phage types were indigenous to the relatively limited areas.
. Three new Vi-phage types, 39, 41 and 47 were identified.
. Paratyphoid phage types encountered were as follows: Types a (49%), 1 (33%), (.%), Dundee (.%), aI (1.1%) and Beccles (1.1%) . The remainders could not he assigned to any known type.

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Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus G_max and the undrained shear strength c_u with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey G_f. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding G_max behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate c_u"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory K_o test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".

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