The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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The paper examines how well standard sources of impact sounds(bang-machine, A-ball, NF-ball, new rubber ball)imitate real impact sounds(human jumping and hopping).The compared sounds were described from psychoacoustic point of view.At the same time similarities between the impact sounds were judged in the psychoacoustic experiment.Results were compared with the existing standards expressed in F- and S-maximum sound levels:L_{A max, F}, L_{A max, S} and sound exposure level L_AE.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M-2 mixing ratio δ, and the 0-2 mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=−+0.26, and μ_k≤6.×10⁻⁴ respectively. The 2 branching ratio (2; +→0_g⁺): (2; +→2₁⁺): (2; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:.0:5..

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3- cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (). induced ALP activities of MC3T3- cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3- cells by , ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,5α,6β-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3- cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3, 5 and 6 did not induce MC3T3- cell ALP activity at 0.—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C-6 of and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3- cells. Furthermore, suppressed induction of MC3T3- cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Using two direct introduction methods, DNA synthesis or cell proliferation activities of three purified proteins from . coli, namely, human papillomavirus (HPV) proteins of type 16, a mutant type 16 (24 C-G) (transformation defective) and type 6, were measured in mouse fibroblast, C127 cells. By a microinjection method, the order of the cell mitotic indexes for the three proteins as determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) staining was type 16, 6 and 16 (24 C-G). By the osmotic shock method, the ³H-TdR incorporation and coloration by (3-carboxymethoxy phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetolazorium (MTS) for the three proteins correlated with the pRb binding and focus forming activities previously reported (hunger et al. 1991). These results indicate that the simple osmotic shock method for direct protein introduction may be generally useful for transformation assays of oncoproteins.

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There has been strong demand for enhancement techniques of single-phase forced convection heat transfer because of its wide area of application on the one side and because of inferior heat-transfer capability, when compared with phase change heat transfer such as boiling and condensation, on the other side. The enhancement techniques are indispensable when gases are used as heat-transfer media. In this article the basic principles of enhancement of single-phase forced convection heat transfer are described in the first place. Three principal techniques currently employed, i..,(a) interrupted fins, () twisted tapes, and (c) turbulence promoters, are introduced. Mechanisms of heat-tansfer enhancement and the state-of-the art review on the R&D are presented for these techniques. In addition to these, supplementary remarks are given on techniques utilizing multiphase flow and electrostatic field.

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Using the so-called pseudo-static method, a stability analysis was made for the mountain slide that took place at Mitake-iriya village at the time of the Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake of January 14, 1978. Undisturbed samples of volcanic clay were obtained in blocks from the exposed surface of the deposit identified to have been the sliding surface. The partially saturated clay samples were tested under consolidated undrained conditions using the triaxial test equipment. Dynamic axial stresses with irregular time histories were applied to the specimens in combination with statically sustained axial stresses to determine the soil strength under the conditions simulating in-situ states of stress during the earthquake. The results of the tests were expressed in terms of the Mohr-Coulomb type failure criterion which showed that, while the angle of internal friction remained almost unchanged, the cohesion component in irregular loading increased above values obtained in the static loading. Using the strength parameters thus determined, a pseudo-static analysis was made to check the stability of the soil masses that had actually slid during the 1978 earthquake. The maximum horizontal acceleration required to cause the slide was computed. The computed accelerations were shown to cover a range between 400 and 500 gals which is consistent with the range estimated by other investigators on the basis of overturning of tombstones in the vicinity of the slide area.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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This paper describes not only the application of Forchheimer's formula, which is a discharge equation for flat, open-bottom impermeable casing wells, to the estimation for the discharge of dewatered excavation as a large circular well but also the practical utility of a proposed method for estimating the radius of influence which was derived from Forchheimer's formula. The investigation was conducted by comparing the observed results of an actual dewatered excavation with the calculated results. Also, the study was made of the application of the existing methods for estimating the radius of influence in the dewatered excavation as a large circular well with open-bottom impermeable casing. The results of the investigation are as follows : () The calculated results of discharge by Forchheimer's formula are in good agreement with the observed results ; the error between these two results is under 14 per cent. (2) The calculated results of the radius of influence by the proposed equation with s_R = 0.2m agree approximately with the observed results ; the error between these two results is under 20 per cent. (3) The calculated results of the radius of influence by the existing methods are quite different from the observed results.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb¹⁵² activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586. keV +→2₁⁺ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M-2 mixing ratio, δ², and the dimensionless ratio X of 0-2 mixing of the 586. keV transition are obtained to be δ²≤0.16 and 0.034≤X≤0.038, respectively. The 2 branching ratio (2; +→0_g⁺): (2; +→2₁⁺): (2; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.023 : .0 : 5.6.

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When a mudflow moves down a slope, the gravity induced shear stress, τ, is opposed by the combined effect of the undrained shear strength, c_u, of the mud, and its viscosity, η, which is associated with the velocity gradient in the mudflow, dv/dy. In equation form this can be expressed as : τ= c_u+η(dv/dy). The resistance provided by the mud involves the contribution of both c_u and η. For an understanding of the mobilization mechanics of mudflows, one needs then these two parameters. This study describes two methods that can be used to determine these parameters. The c_u of the muds is measured using a cylinder-strength meter devise. The technique associated with this devise consists in lowering a cylinder of known dimension and weight into a mud sample, measuring the depth of penetration of the cylinder into the mud, and calculating the strength, c_u, of the mud required to support the solid cylinder at that depth. The c_u of the mud is calculated using Sokolovski's theory designed to calculate the indentation pressures developed by a Tresca plastic when a cylinder penetrates it. The determination of the viscosity, η, of the mud is obtained from either the velocity measurements of the free surface of the mudflow, or from the difference between the velocity of the free surface of the mudflow and its velocity at the interface between the mudflow and the surface on which it moves. The viscosity η is obtained from a relationship that relates these velocities with η.

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The results of an experimental investigation on the drivability of helix-shaped units into submerged sand and sand subjected to upward seepage flow are presented. In this research study, the helical units are used as structural anchoring elements. A testing program is conducted to study the effect of water existence in a sand deposit on the driving moment (torque) required to install helix-shaped units, with reference to torque required to install the same in dry sands. Dense sand is used in this study with water conditions varying from hydrostatic pressure to upward seepage flow with three different velocities. Measurements are recorded for the installation torque versus depth of installation. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the existence of water in the sand bed material facilitates the installation and reduces the torque required to drive the helical units. It is also found that helix drivability improves with the increase of the velocity of seepage flow, however, this seepage flow negatively reflects on the resistibility of these units to pullout forces. It is recommended that the design of both the driving technique and the pullout resistance of helix-shaped foundation units be balanced in a way that the easiness of installation and the obtained pullout resistance are optimized. It is also recommended that pullout resistance of anchors should not be compromised to achieve higher drivability.

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A new type of infinite element for groundwater analysis which is capable of including the infinitely distanced constant head boundary conditions from the area of disturbance (.g. pumping) is proposed by employing a series function type of mapping functions derived based on the asymptotic far field behavior of an aquifer for typical boundary value problems. The proposed infinite element can be classified as a type of FESC (Finite Element with Singular Contraction) by Rajapakse and Karasudhi (1985). A figure to indicate the required size of the near field to obtain accurate drawdown at specified points is also proposed based on some calculations. The infinite element is also successfully applied to a real pumping test problem conducted to examine the performance of a recently developed continuous sheet cut-off wall, which shows excellent agreement with the observation.

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Failure problems of saturated soils are classified in the present study into the following four types : Type I : The failure of loose and/or normally consolidated soils under fully drained loading conditions. Type II : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. Type III : The failure of dense and/or overconsolidated soils under fully drained conditions. Type IV : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. The soil-water coupling limiting equilibrium analysis on the basis of the critical state concept is shown possible to draw a distinction between type I, II and IV problems, and the limitations of the analysis procedure happen in solving the type problem in the above. This is demonstrated experimentally, in which seepage failure experiments in laboratory with the use of a saturated silty sand are employed to make distinctions clearly between the four types of failure problems. The definite distinctions both in failure load and failure mode appeared in the four types of experiments are summarized as follows : () the smallest failure load in loose sand in the undrained condition, (2) the largest failure load with the largest failure region in dense sand under undrained loading, (3) the observation of no global deformation before failure within the soil under the fully drained condition that suggests the development of very localized shear deformation in the sand. Three out of four experiments are described well by the limit analysis computation mentioned above as far as the failure load and the shape and the size of the failure region after boiling failure are concerned, and thus the type III problem is identified to be the problem that should be solved by any other means in near future.

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The reconnaissance results and a preliminary analysis of soil liquefactions, which occurred during the Chi-Chi earthquake are presented. The study focuses on: () the characteristics of ground motion; (2) major liquefaction locations and characteristics of the soil at these locations; (3) liquefaction phenomena and damage; (4) damage to buildings and restoration of this damage; and (5) liquefaction analysis by using various empirical SPT-N methods commonly used in Taiwan. These results should provide extensive documentation of liquefaction that was observed during the Chi-Chi earthquake.

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We have discussed the resolution of submicron photoluminescence (PL) imaging using a solid immersion lens (SIL), which collects an evanescent light field. We apply the SIL microscope to measure PL image of a strip-line-patterned GaAs quantum well structure at low temperature. An improved resolution beyond diffraction limit and high collection efficiency of PL are realized.

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The series /W of Hokuriku Shinkansen is a new rolling stock that East Japan Railway Company (series ) and West Japan Railway Company (series W) jointly developed aiming at the Kanazawa opening of Hokuriku Shinkansen. Our company developed the LED interior light to the green car and the ordinary car of the series /W. The light is a semi-indirect lighting of unique skills that combined an indirect lighting with the direct lighting and we create a soft lighting environment without glare that matched to the concept of the series /W. The illuminance fills the standard of JIS. The brightness equally obtains an illuminance in any seats. The correlation color temperature of the green is 3000K to create a relaxing atmosphere, and the ordinary car is 5000K to create a vivid bright cabin. Power consumption can be reduced by 40 percent compared with a past fluorescent lamp.

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