At low levels, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli should be selectively isolated by suppressing competing microflora in meat samples. In conventional methods, MacConkey II Agar with C-T Sorbitol (cefixime-tellurite, CT-SMAC) which utilizes the ability of

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. coli O157 to ferment sorbitol, and media containing -specific chromogenic substrates, are used for detecting

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. coli O157.
In this study, we compared two types of CHROMagar^TM O157 for the isolation of enterohemorrhagic

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. coli O157 (improved CHROMagar^TM O157 and conventional CHROMagar^TM O157) with CT-SMAC by using the Miles-Misra method and evaluating the recovers from ground beef and human fecal samples. The results obtained are described below:
1. In the inoculation test with three media by the Miles-Misra method, improved CHROMagar^TM O157 inhibited the growth of all organisms except

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. coli O157 better than the two other media and allowed easy differentiation from

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. hermannii, which could not be distinguished on CT-SMAC.
2. In the

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. coli O157 detection test for ground beef artificially inoculated with

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. coliO157 at 1 cfu/g, the detection rate of improved CHROMagar ^TM O157 was 95%, CTSMAC 75% and conventional CHROMagar^TM O157 40%, respectively.
. In the

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. coli O157 detection test for

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. coli O157 positive human fecal samples, the detection rate of improved CHROMagar^TM O157 was 54.5%, CT-SMAC 50% and conventional CHROMagar^TM O157 .%, respectively.

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60歳，女性。1984年11月に貧血，白血球増加と胃潰瘍を指摘され入院。脾腫無く，WBC 33,000/μl, Hb .8g/dl, Plt .×10⁴/μl, 骨髄はNCC ×10⁴/μl, Meg 188/μl, M/=.91で染色体分析では46, XX, t (; ) (q34; q11)であった。CMLと診断し，1985年1月14日よりIFN-α600万単位連日皮下注を開始した。日間連日投与後2月26日まで隔日投与を行い，以後10∼20日に一度間欠投与を継続していた。血液所見は正常域に保たれ，35月後よりPh¹陽性率が減少し66月後に0%となった。

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In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

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Chemical properties of ergosta-, 6, 8(14), -tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give 6α, -epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-, , -trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to 6α, ;8α, -diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-, -dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy--hydroxyergosta-, , -triene-3, 6-dione () under these reaction conditions.

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The effect of supratentorial mass lesions on the local cerebral blood flow (1CBF) of the brain-stem was evaluated with special reference to the following three points. 1) The level of the intracranial pressure (ICP) at which the 1CBF of the brain-stem begins to decrease. 2) Alterations in the 1CBF of the upper brain-stem at the beginning of uncal herniation. 3) Alterations in the 1CBF of the medulla oblongata during the Cushing response.
Using 40 cats, platinum electrodes were placed stereotaxically in the thalamus (Th), inferior colliculus (IC), and medulla oblongata (MO) for measurement of 1CBF by the hydrogen clearance method. The 1CBF of the brain-stem was serially measured before and after intermittent increase in ICP produced by inflation of an extradural balloon. Arterial blood pressure and supra and infratentorial extradural pressures were continuously recorded. The mean control 1CBF in the Th, IC, and MO were 37.5±., 42.1±8.6, and 30.±. ml/100 g/min, respectively. At 20 to 30mmHg of supratentorial pressure (STP), the 1CBF of the Th started to decrease, and at 20 to 30mmHg of infratentorial pressure (ITP), the 1CBF of the IC started to decrease. Finally, at 40 to 60mmHg of ITP, the 1CBF of the MO was affected. At the beginning of the uncal herniation suggested by anisocoria, the mean 1CBF of the IC abruptly decreased from 33. to 19.6 ml/100 g/min (n = 16). In this stage, the pressure gradient between the supra and infratentorial spaces was 24.6±11.mmHg. The Cushing response was evoked at STP .±14.6mmHg and ITP of 49.±6.8mmHg (n=16). The blood pressure significantly increased from 121.5 to 140.OmmHg. However, immediately before and during vasopressor response, little change was noted in the mean cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) of the posterior fossa, i.

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., from .0 to .6mmHg. The 1CBF of the MO did not show significant change either, i.

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., from .8 to 20. ml/100 g/min. The data suggested that in supratentorial mass lesion, the 1CBF of the thalamus decreased first, followed by the 1CBF of the inferior colliculus, and then of the medulla oblongata. At the beginning of uncal herniation, the 1CBF of the upper brain-stem markedly decreased. During the Cushing response, the 1CBF of the MO did not change significantly.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,5α,6β-triol (), -dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.-fold by 10 μM . However, 2, 3, 5 and 6 did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C-6 of 1 and played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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A monoclonal antibody, 6 established from mice injected with dolphin peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was characterized. In addition to its reactivity against .% of dolphin PBLs, 6 reacted with 33.1% of bovine PBLs of which % were CD5 ⁺, 11.1% were CD5^-. 6 recognized a 34 kD protein on the surface of dolphin and bovine PBLs. Analysis of the protein's N-terminal amino acid sequence indicated that 6 recognizes bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens. These results suggested that 6 recognized MHC class II antigens on bovine PBLs. As we have already produced an anti-dolphin MHC class I monoclonal antibody, analysis of immune system using these monoclonal antibodies will advance our understanding of the evolution of the mammalian immune system.

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Fatty acid compositions of neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) have been analyzed for a unique sample of Ophiuroidea (brittle star) Ophiura sarsi containing novel nonmethylene-interruped (NMI) fatty acids, ,-icosadienoic (20:2), ,,17Z-icosatrienoic (20:3), ,,19Z-docosatrienoic (:3), and ,,,19Z-docosatetraenoic (:) acids. All of the NMI fatty acids were concentrated in NL (mainly triacylglycerols) rather than in PL (mainly phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines). On the other hand, 6,,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3) usually observed in Ophiuroidea lipids was found in PL at higher concentration than in NL. Biological property and origin of the novel NMI fatty acids appear to be different from those of 24:6n-3.

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Glucosylceramide (G1cβ1-1Cer) was isolated from the spermatozoa of the starfish, Asterias amurensis. The long-chain bases of the glycolipid consisted of dihydroxy (d18:2, d18:3, d19:3, and d:2), and trihydroxy (t:1) types. Long-chain aldehydes derived from them were analyzed mainly by proton nuclear-magnetic resonance to determine the detailed structures. Two of the tri-unsaturated bases were identified as (, , )-2-amino-, 8, 10-octadecatriene-1, 3-diol (d18:3) and (, , )-2-amino--methyl-, 8, 10-octa-decatriene-1, 3-diol (d19:3), which is a novel base. Both d:2 and t:1 had a cis double bond at the C or C13 position. All fatty acids were 2-hydroxylated (C₁₄-C₂₅):Most of themwere saturated and unbranched. About 10% was mono-unsaturated and unbranched (-C₂₅), while saturated but branched (iso- and anteiso-types) C₁₅-C₁₈ acids were found as mi-nor components. The main fatty acids, which summed up to more than % of the fatty acids in the glucosylceramide, were n-14h: 0, n-15h:0, n-16h : 0, n-17h : 0, n-18h : 0, and n-24h:1.

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Eight new sterols, 5α, 8α-epidioxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-6, -dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, 5α, -trihydroxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien-6-one (2), 3β, 5α, -trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one (3), 3β, 5α, , 14α-tetrahydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6α, -tetrol (5), 5α, -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (6), 5α, -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one () and 5α, 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, , 14α-triol (8), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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Murata hat seine einfache Methode für die Serodiagnose der Syphilis schon mehrmals mitgeteilt (Japan. Zeitschr. f. Dermat. u. Syphilis. . H. 11, . 23 H. 6, Zentralbl. f. Haut- u. Geschlechtskrankh. . , S. 133 usw.).
Ich habe diese Methode in 743 Fällen geprüft u. die Uebereinstimmung in 694 (, %) mit WR. gefunden. Die Muratasche Methode fällt beim seronegativen primären Stadium und in der negativen Zeit von WR. nach der antisyphilitischen Behandlung oft positiv aus; also scheint sie empfindlicher als WR. zu sein. Sie reagiert besser im inaktiven Serum als im aktiven. Doch ist sie sowohl im hämolytischen als auch im getrübten Serum vom schwach positiven Blut schwer ablesbar, wenn sie auch dabei im stark positiven Serum leicht verständlich ist. Ich bin überzeugt davon, dass sie einfache u. gute Methode ist und der WR. gute Beihilfe leisten kann.

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Six new sterols, 5α, 6α;8α, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (1), 5α, 6α;8α, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (2), 5α, 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, -diol (3), (, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (), (, 24R)-23-methulergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6β, -tetrol (5) and (24S)-ergost--ene-3β, 5α, 6β, -tetrol (6), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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N-(2-フルオレニル) -マレイミド (I), N-1-(-アセトキシナフチル) -マレイミド (II), N-2-(-アセトキシフルオレニル) -マレイミド (III) の単独重合, 共重合をアゾビスイソブチロニトリル (IV) を開始剤としてテトラヒドロフラン中, 60℃で行った. 単独重合の初速度 (R_p) は, R_p=k [I] ^2.11 [IV] ^0.64, R_p=k [II] ^2.26 [IV] ^0.72, R_p=k [III] ^1.76 [IV] ^0.52となった. kは速度定数である. 全重合の活性化エネルギー (), 頻度係数 (A) は=26.kcal/mol (I), 23.3kcal/mol (II), .8kcal/mol (III), A=3.×10¹⁵ (I), 2.×10¹¹ (II), 1.5×10¹¹ (III) となった. またN置換マレイミドとメタクリル酸メチル (V) との共重合におけるモノマー反応性比, Q, 値を次のように決定した.
I (M₁) -V (M₂) 系で, r₁=0.24, r₂=0., Q₁=0.43, =1.82, II (M₁) -V (M₂) 系で, r₁=0.17, , Q₁=0.51, =1.37, III (M₁) -V (M₂) 系で, r₁=0.068, r₂=1.34, Q₁=0.87, =1.90となった.

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Eight novel sterols, , -dimethyl-5α-poriferasta-, 25-dien-3β-ol, (24)-24-ethyl-29-nor-5α-lanosta-, 24(24¹)-dien-3β-ol, (24)-24-ethyl-29-nor-5α-lanosta-(11), 24(24¹)-dien-3β-ol, (24)-24-ethyl-29-nor-5α-lanosta-, (11), 24(24¹)-trien-3β-ol, (, 24Z)-5α-stigmasta-, , 24(24¹)-trien-3β-ol, 5α-stigmasta-, (11)-dien-3β-ol, (24)-5α-stigmasta-, (11), 24(24¹)-trien-3β-ol, and (24)-14α-methyl-5α-stigmasta-, 24(24¹)-dien-3β-ol, were isolated (as acetates) from the saponified neutral fraction of Bryonia dioica root extract. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. The compounds are new because the , -dimethy--cholestene-, , 14α-dimethyl--cholestene (or 29-nor--lanostene)-, and 14α-methyl--cholestene-skeletons and the (, 24Z)-, 24(24¹)-stigmastadiene side chain have not been found before in nature. Abundances are given of fifty three identified triterpene alcohols and sterols.

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From the black coral Antipathies dichotoma, a sphingolipid (2S*,3S*,,)-2N-[tetradecanoyl]-(),8()-icosadiene-1,3-diol (1) and a steroid ()-methylcholesta-5,-diene-1α,3β,-triol (2) were isolated. Other known compounds, 3β,-dihydroxy-cholest-5-ene (3), (,24S),5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6,-dien-3β-ol () and (,24S),5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6,(11),-trien-3β-ol (5). The structures were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature. The antibacterial activity of five compounds was evaluated.

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Chemical synthesis of (, 24R)- and (, 24S)-1, 24-dihydroxy--vitamin D₃ has been achieved starting with the commercially available dinorcholenic acid acetate. Synthesis involved introduction of the 1-hydroxy group by a reduction of the 1, 2-epoxide generated by epoxidation of the 1, , 6-trien-3-one. The side chain on the steroid was then constructed by means of a Wittig reaction followed by introduction of the bond by standard methods and its protection with 1-phenyl-1, 2, -triazoline-3, 5-dione. Subsequent reduction of the hydroxy groups in the steroid side chain followed by reduction of the Diels-Alder addition products yielded the both 24-isomers. The 5, -dienes were irradiated and the corresponding vitamin D compounds isolated. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to identify individual isomers. The (, 24S)-1, 24-hydroxyvitamin D₃ compound bound equally well to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor as 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, while the 24R-isomer was approximately ten times less active. In vivo, both isomers were less active than 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ ; however, the 24S-isomer was considerably more active than the 24R-isomer approaching the activity of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃.

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