詳細検索結果
以下の条件での結果を表示する: 検索条件を変更
クエリ検索: %22%E7%9B%86%E6%A0%BD%22
4,918,025件中 1-20の結果を表示しています
  • Yukichi Yamaguchi, Jian-zhi Runan(Gen), Teruaki Nagahara
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
    1975年 38 巻 4 号 911-916
    発行日: 1975/04/15
    公開日: 2007/06/01
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the 116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1-
    E
    2 mixing ratio δ, and the
    E
    0
    -
    E
    2 mixing ratio μk are obtained for 818.
    7
    keV
    22
    +→21+ transition to be δ=1.52
    0.22
    +
    0.26
    , and μk
    6
    .1×10−4 respectively. The
    E
    2 branching ratio
    B
    (
    E
    2;
    22
    +→
    0g
    +):
    B
    (
    E
    2;
    22
    +→21+):
    B
    (
    E
    2;
    22
    +→01+) is determined to be
    0
    .0158:1.
    0
    :5.
    86
    .
  • Yasuyuki Gono, Manabu Fujioka, Tamotsu Toriyama
    Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
    1970年 29 巻 2 号 255-258
    発行日: 1970/08/05
    公開日: 2007/06/01
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb152 activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586.
    7
    keV
    22
    +→21+ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M1-
    E
    2 mixing ratio, δ2, and the dimensionless ratio X of
    E
    0
    -
    E
    2 mixing of the 586.
    7
    keV transition are obtained to be δ2
    0
    .16 and
    0
    .034≤X
    0
    .038, respectively. The
    E
    2 branching ratio
    B
    (
    E
    2;
    22
    +→
    0g
    +):
    B
    (
    E
    2;
    22
    +→21+):
    B
    (
    E
    2;
    22
    +→01+) is determined to be
    0
    .023 : 1.
    0
    : 5.
    6
    .
  • 香山 滉一郎, 森下 政夫, 張 国鋒
    粉体および粉末冶金
    2006年 53 巻 5 号 419-429
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/12/19
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo-
    B
    and Ni-W-
    B
    ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol%
    B
    were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
    E1
    :L (1365K, 71.5mol%Ni-
    6
    .
    0
    mol%Mo-
    22
    .5mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E2
    :L (1355K, 62.5mol%Ni-2.5mol%Mo-30.5mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni3B
    +
    Ni2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E3
    :L (1445K, 42.
    0
    mol%Ni-30.
    6
    mol%Mo-10.3mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    P1:L (1812K, 34.
    9
    mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-
    22
    .8mol%
    B
    )+MoB=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P2:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%
    B
    )+Mo=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P3:L (1812K, 53.5mol%Ni-33.
    7
    mol%Mo-12.8mol%
    B
    )+Mo=NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    E1
    :L (1622K, 51.
    0
    mol%Ni-31.
    6
    mol%W-17.4mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+W+
    NiW2B2

    E2
    :L (1260K, 71.
    0
    mol%Ni-
    7
    .
    0
    mol%W-
    22
    .
    0
    mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    E3
    :L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.8mol%W-29.8mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni2B
    +
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P1:L (2115K, 23.8mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%
    B
    )+WB=
    W2B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P2:L (1657K, 48.
    9
    mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.
    0
    mol%
    B
    )+
    W2B
    =W+
    NiW2B2

    The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.
  • Keishi Hata, Fuyuki Sugawara, Naganori Ohisa, Saori Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hori
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2002年 25 巻 8 号 1040-1044
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2002/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-
    E
    1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-
    E
    1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (
    22E
    ,24R)-ergosta-
    7
    ,
    22
    -diene-3β,5α,
    -triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-
    E
    1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-
    E
    1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,5α,
    -triol (4),
    7
    -dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol (
    6
    ) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-
    E
    1 cells were increased 3.
    0
    -fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3, 5 and
    6
    did not induce MC3T3-
    E
    1 cell ALP activity at
    0
    .1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C-
    6
    of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-
    E
    1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-
    E
    1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.
  • Suguru TAKATSUTO, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE
    Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
    1988年 52 巻 12 号 3217-3218
    発行日: 1988年
    公開日: 2006/04/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 松井 吉光, 伊藤 稔明, 松田 正久
    日本物理学会講演概要集
    1997年 52.2.1 巻 22a-E-1
    発行日: 1997/09/02
    公開日: 2018/03/04
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • 黒川 美貴雄, 吉田 耕治, 永井 保嵩, 宇野 準
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1983年 31 巻 12 号 4312-4318
    発行日: 1983/12/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems,
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    , 8,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] oxepins (3a and 3
    b
    ), and -thiepins (4a and 4
    b
    ) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4
    b
    were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10
    b
    ). Deuterated 4a and 4
    b
    (11a and 11
    b
    ) were prepared starting from butadiene-
    d6
    (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3
    b
    (cis), 4a (trans) and 4
    b
    (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10
    b
    , 11a and 11
    b
    on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.
  • Özkan ASLANTAŞ, Ebru Şebnem YILMAZ
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
    2017年 79 巻 6 号 1024-1030
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/06/16
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/04/27
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

    E
    . coli isolates were detected in 95 (
    22
    .2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-
    1b
    (42), blaCMY-2 (
    22
    ), blaCTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-1 (15), blaOXA-1 (
    9
    ) and blaSHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A1 (35.8%), followed by group D2 (
    22
    .1%),
    B
    1 (15.8%), D1 (
    9
    .5%),
    A0
    (
    7
    .4%),
    B22
    (5.3%) and
    B23
    (4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(
    6
    ’)-Ib-cr, qnr
    S1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.5 and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.
    0
    % for tobramycin to 56.8% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing
    E
    . coli
    clone O25
    b
    :ST131/
    B
    2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing
    E
    . coli
    isolates among dogs in Turkey.

  • 小林 優, 神田 扶由子, S. M. D. Kumar, Ch. V. Lakshmana Rao, D. Srinivasa Rao, D. Venkata Rao, C. Bheemasankara Rao
    天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集
    1990年 32 巻 20
    発行日: 1990/09/25
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Melithasterols A-D (1-4), isolated from a gorgoinan coral Melithaea ocracea of Okinawa, were shown to be cholestane-, 24-methyl-
    22
    -dehydrocholestane-,
    22
    -dehydrocholestane-, and 24-methylenecholestane-derivatives. respectively, having a common 3β,
    7
    α -dihydroxy-5α,
    6
    α-epoxy-Δ^8 steroid nucleus. This was confirmed by direct comparison with the authentic sample prepared by lead tetra-acetate oxydation of cholest-
    6
    -ene- 3β, 5α, 8α-triol 3-monoacetate. Twelve new polyhydroxysterols were isolated from an Alcyonium sp. (
    7
    ,8,
    9
    ), and Sclerophytum sp. (14,16,19
    b
    ,20,21,
    22
    a,23,26,28) soft corals collected off the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean. All the Sclerophytum sp. soft corals contained 17a or its 25-deacetyl derivative. Compounds
    7
    to
    9
    were identified as 24-methylenecholest-5-ene- 3β, 16β-diol-3-
    0
    -α-L fucoside (
    7
    ) and its
    7
    β-(8) and
    7
    α-hydroxy (
    9
    ) derivatives. Compound 14 was shown to be 24S-24-methylcholest-5-ene-3β,25ξ,26-triol and was correlated to the known compound 15 by 5α,
    6
    β-glycolation. Compound 16 was shown to be 5β,
    6
    α-isomer of 17
    b
    , correlating to 17
    b
    by PCC oxidation followed by dehydration. Compound 19
    b
    was identified with 25-deacetyl derivative of the known compound lobosterol (19a) by hydrolysis of authentic lobosterol. Compounds 20 and 21 were shown to be
    7
    -dehydro-(20) and
    22
    E
    -dehydro-(21) derivative of 17a and 17
    b
    , respectively, by comparisons of their spectral data with reference compounds. Compounds
    22
    a and 23 were 24S-methylcholestane-3β, 5α 25-triol-
    6
    -one 25-monoacetate (
    22
    a) and its 25-deacetoxyl derivative (23). Partial PCC oxidation of 17a afforded
    22
    a. Compounds 26 (andamansterol) and 28 (nicobarsterol) were shown to be gorgost-5-ene-3β,
    9
    α. 11α, 21-tetrol and novel secosteroid, 11,21-cyclo-
    B
    -homo-11-oxa-
    9
    , 11-secoergostane-3β,
    6
    α, 12ξ-triol-
    9
    -one, respectively, by spectral analyses (H-HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC).
  • 高津戸 秀, 池川 信夫
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1984年 32 巻 5 号 2001-2004
    発行日: 1984/05/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Brassinolide analogues, (
    22
    R, 23R, 24R)-2α, 3α,
    22
    , 23-tetrahydroxy-
    B
    -homo-
    7
    -oxa-5α-ergostan-
    6
    -one (24-epibrassinolide) (10) and (
    22
    S, 23S, 24R)-2α, 3α,
    22
    , 23-tetrahydroxy-
    B
    -homo-
    7
    -oxa-5α-ergostan-
    6
    -one (
    9
    ), were synthesized from brassicasterol (3a) in five steps and with ca. 20% overall yield. The key steps are the direct formation of (
    22
    E
    , 24R)-3α, 5-cyclo-5α-ergost-
    22
    -en-
    6
    -one (4) from brassicasterol mesylate (3
    b
    ), the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 4 to (
    22
    E
    , 24R)-5α-ergosta-2,
    22
    -dien-
    6
    -one (
    6
    ), and the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the tetrahydroxy 5α-ergostan-
    6
    -ones
    7
    and 8.
  • 村瀬 稔, 木股 裕子, 仲西 寿男, 小澤 一弘, 赤羽 荘資, 浅川 豊, 南澤 仁志, 上條 茂徳, 小沼 博隆
    日本食品微生物学会雑誌
    2001年 18 巻 3 号 75-81
    発行日: 2001/09/30
    公開日: 2010/07/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    At low levels, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli should be selectively isolated by suppressing competing microflora in meat samples. In conventional methods, MacConkey II Agar with C-T Sorbitol (cefixime-tellurite, CT-SMAC) which utilizes the ability of
    E
    . coli
    O157 to ferment sorbitol, and media containing
    E.coli
    -specific chromogenic substrates, are used for detecting
    E
    . coli
    O157.
    In this study, we compared two types of
    BD
    CHROMagarTM O157 for the isolation of enterohemorrhagic
    E
    . coli
    O157 (improved
    BD
    CHROMagarTM O157 and conventional
    BD
    CHROMagarTM O157) with CT-SMAC by using the Miles-Misra method and evaluating the recovers from ground beef and human fecal samples. The results obtained are described below:
    1. In the inoculation test with three media by the Miles-Misra method, improved
    BD
    CHROMagarTM O157 inhibited the growth of all organisms except
    E
    . coli
    O157 better than the two other media and allowed easy differentiation from
    E
    . hermannii
    , which could not be distinguished on CT-SMAC.
    2. In the
    E
    . coli
    O157 detection test for ground beef artificially inoculated with
    E
    . coli
    O157 at 1 cfu/g, the detection rate of improved
    BD
    CHROMagar TM O157 was 95%, CTSMAC 75% and conventional
    BD
    CHROMagarTM O157 40%, respectively.
    4. In the
    E
    . coli
    O157 detection test for
    E
    . coli
    O157 positive human fecal samples, the detection rate of improved
    BD
    CHROMagarTM O157 was 54.5%, CT-SMAC 50% and conventional
    BD
    CHROMagarTM O157
    22
    .
    7
    %, respectively.
  • Ichiro KAWASAKI, Fujitoshi KON'NO
    Journal of Physics of the Earth
    1984年 32 巻 3 号 229-244
    発行日: 1984年
    公開日: 2009/04/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The group velocities of surface waves in the period range
    22
    -89 s were measured to retrieve the anisotropy pattern of the surface wave velocities in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. WWSSN long period records at KIP, Hawaii, from ridge events in the Gulf of California, the East Pacific rise, and the Easter Island Cordillera were used to cover propagation directions N60°
    E
    -N140°
    E
    . These station and epicenters are in very favorable positions to minimize the effects of the lateral heterogeneity owing to ocean floor ages. The fast direction of the Rayleigh wave group velocity is normal to ridge, showing 3-5% azimuthal anisotropy. The Love wave group velocity shows little azimuthal anisotropy. A model of a possible type of preferred orientation of constituent olivine beneath the Pacific Ocean is proposed, based on the elastic constants and the petrofabrics of dunite from Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan, and that of olivine nodules in the ophiolite complex from the Bay of Islands and Oman. In this model, a-axis is concentrated along a particular direction and
    b
    - and c-axes form a girdle. Elastic constants of the model are C11=2.44,
    C22
    =C33=2.05, C12=C13=
    0
    .72, C23=
    0
    .67, C44=
    0
    .69, and C55=
    C86
    =
    0
    .75 (1012 dyn·cm), where X1-axis, or the direction of the a-axis concentration, is normal to ridge and X3-axis is vertical. If we assume that the type of the preferred orientation is an age-independent property of suboceanic lithosphere, this model can explain the overall features of the large-scale anisotropy in the Pacific Ocean: the azimuthal anisotropy of surface wave velocities as described above; the SH-SV anisotropy of surface waves of about
    0
    .15 km/s; the Pn, anisotropy of
    7
    .
    9
    km/s to 8.
    6
    km/s; the high Sm, velocity of about 4.8 km/s; and the ScS polarization anisotropy
  • ―各成分の組織化学的観察と定量―
    長谷川 元治, 荒井 親雄, 斉藤 光代, 竹内 光吉, 安部 信行, 遠藤 みどり, 高山 吉隆, 駒沢 勉, 森下 健
    動脈硬化
    1984年 12 巻 3 号 703-711
    発行日: 1984/08/01
    公開日: 2011/09/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) Nine male rabbits 38 months old were concurrently loaded with 3 different treatments i.
    e
    ., N2 gas inhalation, norepinephrine in injection and cholesterol oral administration, and left coronary anterior descending branch (LCA 5) was observed histochemically and determined for smooth muscle cell, elastin, collagen, acid mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteien in comparison with 8 healthy normal rabbits of the same age.
    2) The histology of the indurative group presented obivious histo-lesional findings such as atrophy and necrosis of the smooth muscle cells (SMC), swelling and stratified rupture of the inner elastic membrane, loses in content of medial elastin (EL) and collagen (CL) and their transfer from the tunica externa, and compensatory increases in content of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) and glycoprotein (GP).
    3) The results of the determination made of these 5 constituents revealed that the healthy normal group and the indurative group showed 65.4±
    7
    .
    9
    and 46.
    7
    ±
    7
    .5 (p<
    0
    .001) of SMC,
    9
    .
    6
    ±
    0
    .88 and 12.2±2.78 (p<
    0
    .05) of EL 25.
    7
    ±4.02 and 35.
    6
    ±3.
    86
    (p<
    0
    .001) of CL, 14.4±1.
    7
    and 20.2±2.85 (p<
    0
    .001) of AMPS and
    22
    .8±5.
    9
    and 31.
    6
    ±
    7
    .5%
    E
    of GP, respectively, the indurative group showed significantly less content of SMC and significantly more contents of EL, CL, AMPS and GP than the healthy normal group.
  • A.M. BRITTO, C. SAVVIDOU, M.J. GUNN, J.R. BOOKER
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 1 号 13-25
    発行日: 1992/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.
  • Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Suguru TAKATSUTO
    Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
    1988年 52 巻 8 号 2117-2118
    発行日: 1988年
    公開日: 2006/04/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Nobutoshi TANAKA, Ken-ichi HOSOI, Daizo TANAKA, Mimei TAKAHASHI
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1996年 44 巻 4 号 843-846
    発行日: 1996/04/15
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Chemical properties of ergosta-4,
    6
    , 8(14),
    22
    -tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give
    ,
    -epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4,
    7
    ,
    22
    -trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to
    ,
    ;8α,
    -diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4,
    22
    -dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy-
    -hydroxyergosta-4,
    7
    ,
    22
    -triene-3,
    6
    -dione (4) under these reaction conditions.
  • 黒川 美貴雄, 糸川 彰, 松本 純一, 福本 吉久, 月原 冨武
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1992年 40 巻 9 号 2270-2274
    発行日: 1992/09/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    11-Amino-
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    , 8,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[
    b
    ,
    e
    ]thiepines (
    6
    a-d) and -oxepines (
    7
    a-d) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    , 8,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[
    b
    ,
    e
    ]thiepines (1a,
    b
    )and -oxepines (2a,
    b
    ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a-d and 5a-d, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H)
    6
    a and
    7
    a, cis(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H)
    6
    b
    and
    7
    b
    , trans(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)
    6
    c and
    7
    c, and trans(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H)
    6
    d and
    7
    d, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.
  • Sen-fang Sui, Erich Sackmann
    The Journal of Biochemistry
    1992年 111 巻 1 号 129-138
    発行日: 1992年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of WP=190 kJ•mol-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca2+ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca2+ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca2+. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.
  • 熊谷 昭文
    日本化学会誌(化学と工業化学)
    1984年 1984 巻 7 号 1079-1082
    発行日: 1984/07/10
    公開日: 2011/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    液体ハロゲソ化炭化水素のP-V-T関係に対する高精度の推算のために,van der Waals型状態式を用いてTait式,
    V=
    V0
    [1-Cln{(
    B
    +P)/(
    B
    +
    P0
    )}]
    の二つのパラメータ,
    B
    とCを導きだした。ここで,V(cm3・mol-1).は圧力P(Pa)での液体の比容,
    V0
    (cm2・mol-1)は各温度における飽和蒸気圧
    P0
    (Pa)での液体め比容であるTaitパラメーターは
    C=
    7
    .52×1054μ2/
    TV22
    +
    0
    .0922
    B
    =
    9
    .
    86
    ×108ΔEbVVb5(
    V0
    -
    6
    -Vc-
    6
    )-Pc
    で与えられる。ここでμ(C・m)は双極子モーメント,Pe(Pa)は臨界圧力,Tc(K)は臨界温度,ΔEbV(kcal・mol-1)は沸点での蒸発エネルギー,Vb(cm3・mol-1)は液体の沸点分子容,Vc(cm3・mol-1)は臨界体積である。
    これらの関係を用いて
    7
    種のハロゲン化炭化水素に対して高圧下の液比容を計算した結果,251点のデータで平均偏差は
    0
    .12%,
    e
    最大偏差は-
    0
    .50%である。
  • Peter
    E
    . Hartmann, Leon R. Mitoulas, Jillian L. Sherriff
    日本食生活学会誌
    2000年 10 巻 4 号 65-73
    発行日: 2000/03/31
    公開日: 2011/01/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Approximately 99% of the fat in huma milk is secreted into the alveoli by the mammary secretory epithelial cell (lactocyte) in membrane bound milk fat globules (MFG). The MFG, unlike small molecules such as lactose, have little effect on the osmotic balance between milk and blood and therefore they can be stored in large amounts in the alveolar lumen.Approximately 98% of the fat in the MFG are tri-acylglycerols (TAG). Importantly, different species,
    e
    . g. women, rabbits, cows and elephants, have distinctive combinations of fatty acids esterified as TAG in their milk.We have measured 24-h milk production, fat content and fatty acid composition at 1, 2, 4,
    6
    ,
    9
    , and 12 months of lactation in 5 women.Mean (±SD) milk production (375.5-1: 153.5mL/24-h/breast) differed between breasts, between women and with stage of lactation (p<
    0
    .05). Whereas the fat content (35.5±
    7
    .
    86
    g/L) and the percentage composition of 18: 1n
    9
    (32.24±3.3), 18: 2n
    6
    (
    9
    .18±2.66), 18: 3n3 (
    0
    .76±
    0
    .21), 20: 4n
    6
    (
    0
    .37±
    0
    .07),
    22
    : 5n3 (
    0
    .17±
    0
    .04), and
    22
    :
    6
    n3 (
    0
    .2±
    0
    .07) differed only between women and with stage of lactation (p<
    0
    .05).In contrast, the amount delivered to the infant differed (p<
    0
    .05) between women only for 18: 3n3,
    22
    : 5n3 and
    22
    :
    6
    n3 and no differences in amounts delivered were observed for any of these fatty acids from 1 to 12 months of lactation.Each child received a mean (±SD) of 8.27-2.84 g 18: 1n
    9
    ; 2.38±
    0
    .98g 18: 2n
    6
    ;194±73mg 18: 3n3;92±31mg 20: 4n
    6
    ;43±14 mg
    22
    : 5n3 and 49±21 mg
    22
    :
    6
    n3 every 24-h from breastmilk over the first year of life.These results indicate that variation in percentage composition of individual fatty acids (
    e
    .g.18: 2n
    6
    ) does not always translate to variation in the amount delivered to the infant.
    Milk fat not only accounts for approximately 50% of the infant's energy intake, but also is responsible for the supply of the essential and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are required for the optimal development of the infant.For example, arachidonic acid (20: 4n
    6
    ) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5n3) are essential precursors for the synthesis of prostaglandins and immunomodulatory eicosanoids.On the other hand, docosahexaenoic acid (
    22
    :
    6
    n3, DHA) is a major polyunsaturated fatty acid in the membranes of the cerebral cortex and retina and higher intakes of DHA have been associated with higher ratings in intelligence tests particularly in children born prematurely. Fatty acids and mono-acylglycerols released by hydrolysis of TAG in the infant's digestive tract have a detergent like lytic action and inactivate enveloped viruses, gram positive and gram negative bacteria, fungi and protozoa.The membrane surrounding the human MFG contains mucin filaments that may act as a decoy to pathogenic micro-organisms (
    e.g.E
    coli).Micro-organisms recognise mucin filaments as membrane docking sites from which to launch an invasive infection and are thereby lured away from the membrane docking sites on the epithelial cells lining the infant's digestive tract.
    Despite the importance of milk fat to the infant, it is the most variable component of human milk.It varies, over the course of a feed, over the course of the day, with stage of lactation, from one lactation to the next, between breasts, and between women. The major predictors of the fat content of milk over the course of a day have been shown to be the length of the interval between breastfeeds, the fat content at the end of the previous breastfeed, the amount of milk removed at the previous breastfeed and the amount of milk removed at the current feed.However, we have found that the fat content of milk is determined primarily by the amount of milk (degree of fullness) in the breast.For example, if the baby sleeps overnight, the mother's breasts will be full of milk in the morning and the fat content of fore-milk (milk obtained before a breastfeed) will be very low.
feedback
Top