One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

抄録全体を表示

Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (4a and 4) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4 were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated 4a and 4 (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene-d₆ (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), 4a (trans) and 4 (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

抄録全体を表示

11-Amino-6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (6a-d) and -oxepines (a-d) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (1a, )and -oxepines (2a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a-d and 5a-d, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6a and a, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) 6 and , trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)6c and c, and trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6d and d, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

抄録全体を表示

The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

抄録全体を表示

Stereoselective synthesis of , - and , Z-β-ionylideneacetaldehydes was accomplished from the β-ionone tricarbonyl iron complex, and the latter was converted to Z-retinoic acid.

抄録全体を表示

From the fronds of Polystichum tripteron (KUNZE) P_R. a new norcarotenoid glycoside was isolated and shown to be (6R, , R)--hydroxy-megastigma-4, -dien-3-one--O-β-D-glucoside. The fronds of Dennstaedtia wilfordii (MOORE) CHRIST. contain the same glucoside.

抄録全体を表示

Reactions of nor-diterpenoid dilactones isolated from Podocarpus plants have been investigated. The : ,: 11-dienolide type [C] dilactones, the least available but biologically the most active members, are mainly derived from naturally abundant dilactone components of α-pyrone type [A] and : -epoxy-: 11-enolide type [] for total-synthetic and biological purposes. From nagilactone (5), for example, a combined sequence of hydrogenolysis of : -epoxide group and dehydration gives nagilactone (), 3β-hydroxynagilactone () and 2: 3-dehydronagilactone (19), which have been found from natural sources. From nagilactone A (1), photo-hydration and concomitant double bond migration of its acetate results in a lactol (), which is reduced to 1β-hydroxynagilactone (), another natural type [C] dilactone. Derivation of the type [A] or [] from others is not successful. Some attempts for conversion of the ring A functional groups have also been studied.

抄録全体を表示

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group D₂ (

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%), D₁ (

9

.5%), A₀ (

7

.4%),

B2₂

(5.3%) and

B2₃

(4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.5 and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,

f17a

-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

抄録全体を表示

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a prevalent food-borne pathogen in Taiwan, Japan and other Asian countries. This work presents a novel ribotyping method for the molecular epidemiological examination of this pathogen. Genomic DNA was fragmented by HindIII digestion and hybridized with cDNA probe for Escherichia coli 16S and 23S RNA genes. A total of 121 isolates obtained from outbreaks during 1992 and 1994 in Taiwan were characterized by this ribotyping method. Four to seventeen restricted fragments were visualized in these isolates. After hierarchical cluster analysis, these isolates were grouped into thirty different ribotypes. In addition, A3, A, 3 and 1 were the major ribotypes, consisting of .3, 13.2, .1, and .3% of the isolates, respectively. A, , , G and were the major groups, consisting of 46.2, 14.0, .1, 6., and 6.% of the isolates, respectively. The discriminatory ability of this ribotyping method, as determined by Simpson's index of diversity, was 0.93, which closely resembled that of a previously reported pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method.

抄録全体を表示

Reactivity of the purine ring to Grignard reagents was examined with -phenyl-H-purine (I) and -phenyl-H-purine (II). Hydrolysis of the additive (s) formed by the reaction of I and the Grignard agent afforded 6-substituted 1, 6-dihydro--phenyl-H-purine (I'). In the case of II, the phenyl group in -position produced steric hindrance in this reaction and the alkyl or phenyl group was not introduced into the 6-position, and -substituted , -dihydro--phenyl-H-purine (II') was formed. Oxidation of I'and II'with alkaline ferricyanide respectively afforded 6-substituted -phenyl-H-purine (I") and -substituted -phenyl-H-purine (II").

抄録全体を表示

放牧牛において,prostaglandin (PGF_2α)とestradiol benzoate()の同時筋肉注射による発情同期化効果及び同期化された発情期における受胎性にっいて検討し,次の成績を得た。
1.放牧牛31頭(ホルスタイン種未経産牛)において,黄体期にPGF_2α15mgを筋肉注射(A群15頭)あるいはこれと同時に.5mgを筋肉注射(群16頭)した結果,処置後31~96時間に発情が発現したものはA群では13頭(.%),群では15頭(93.%)であり,両群の間には大差がなかった。しかし,発情はA群では処置後37~84時間に13頭 (.%),群では31~60時間に14頭(87.5%)に集中して発現し,の併用によって発情発現までの時間は短縮した。
2.排卵は,A群では処置後73~120時間に13頭(.%),群では61~96時間に14頭(87.5%)に起こり,の併用によって排卵の時期は処置後早期に,かつ短い時間帯に集中した。
3.同期化された発情期に授精したA群の13頭中頭(53.%),群の16頭中頭(56.3%)がそれぞれ受胎し,受胎率において両群の間に差異はなかった。
4.以上の成績から,PGF_2αとを同時に併用筋肉注射することは,発情及び排卵の同期化に効果的であることを認めたが,この処置によって同期化された発情期の受胎性については,さらに多数例について検討する必要がある。

抄録全体を表示

Melithasterols A-D (1-4), isolated from a gorgoinan coral Melithaea ocracea of Okinawa, were shown to be cholestane-, 24-methyl--dehydrocholestane-, -dehydrocholestane-, and 24-methylenecholestane-derivatives. respectively, having a common 3β, α -dihydroxy-5α, 6α-epoxy-Δ^ steroid nucleus. This was confirmed by direct comparison with the authentic sample prepared by lead tetra-acetate oxydation of cholest-6-ene- 3β, 5α, α-triol 3-monoacetate. Twelve new polyhydroxysterols were isolated from an Alcyonium sp. (,,), and Sclerophytum sp. (14,16,19,20,21,a,23,26,28) soft corals collected off the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean. All the Sclerophytum sp. soft corals contained 17a or its 25-deacetyl derivative. Compounds to were identified as 24-methylenecholest-5-ene- 3β, 16β-diol-3-0-α-L fucoside () and its β-() and α-hydroxy () derivatives. Compound 14 was shown to be 24S-24-methylcholest-5-ene-3β,25ξ,26-triol and was correlated to the known compound 15 by 5α, 6β-glycolation. Compound 16 was shown to be 5β, 6α-isomer of 17, correlating to 17 by PCC oxidation followed by dehydration. Compound 19 was identified with 25-deacetyl derivative of the known compound lobosterol (19a) by hydrolysis of authentic lobosterol. Compounds 20 and 21 were shown to be -dehydro-(20) and -dehydro-(21) derivative of 17a and 17, respectively, by comparisons of their spectral data with reference compounds. Compounds a and 23 were 24S-methylcholestane-3β, 5α 25-triol-6-one 25-monoacetate (a) and its 25-deacetoxyl derivative (23). Partial PCC oxidation of 17a afforded a. Compounds 26 (andamansterol) and 28 (nicobarsterol) were shown to be gorgost-5-ene-3β, α. 11α, 21-tetrol and novel secosteroid, 11,21-cyclo--homo-11-oxa-, 11-secoergostane-3β, 6α, 12ξ-triol--one, respectively, by spectral analyses (H-HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC).

抄録全体を表示

Stereoselective synthesis of the 4, 5-syn, 5, 6-anti adducts (14 and 16) on the aldol condensation of the Z (O)-lithium enolate, derived from the -enone (2), to α-alkoxy aldehydes (12 and 13) was proved via the successive intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction.

抄録全体を表示

The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.5mol%Ni-6.0mol%Mo-.5mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.5mol%Ni-2.5mol%Mo-30.5mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
P₂:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.5mol%Ni-33.mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.4mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-.0mol%W-.0mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
P₂:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

抄録全体を表示

カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A₃(CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，C: 両端に有する，D: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する D 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～6 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．C. medica では 2 + D + ，C. limon では 1 + 1C + D + ，C. aurantifolia では 2 + D + ，C. aurantium では 1A + 1 + 1C + D + ，C. sinensis では 2+ 2C + D + ，C. maxima では 3A + 3C + 4D + ，C. paradisi では 2A + 3C + 6D + ，C. ichangensis では 2 + 2C + 12D + 2，C. latipes では 2A + 5C + D + 3，C. micrantha では 1 + 11D + 4 + 2Dst，C. macroptera では 2 + 1C + 11D + 3 + 1，C. hystrix では 3 + 1C + D + 3 + 2 + 1Dst であった．

抄録全体を表示

The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1-2 mixing ratio δ, and the 0-2 mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=1.52−

0.22

+0.26, and μ_k≤6.1×10⁻⁴ respectively. The

E

2 branching ratio

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0_g⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→2₁⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:1.0:5.

86

.

抄録全体を表示