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  • Joey
    B
    . Tanney, Leonard J. Hutchison
    Mycoscience
    2012年 53 巻 1 号 31-35
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

    1
    ,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

  • George W. Lee
    燃料協会誌
    1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
    発行日: 1973/03/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Grover Loening
    日本航空学会誌
    1963年 11 巻 119 号 373-380
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2009/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Keishi Hata, Fuyuki Sugawara, Naganori Ohisa, Saori Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hori
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2002年 25 巻 8 号 1040-1044
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2002/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    . Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS),
    8
    boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (
    22E
    ,24R)-ergosta-
    7
    ,
    22
    -diene-
    ,
    ,
    -triol (
    1
    ).
    1
    induced ALP activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells by
    1
    , ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (
    3
    ), cholesta-
    ,
    ,
    -triol (4),
    7
    -dehydrocholesterol (
    5
    ) and cholecalciferol (
    6
    ) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells were increased
    3
    .0-fold by 10 μM
    1
    and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2,
    3
    ,
    5
    and
    6
    did not induce MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cell ALP activity at 0.
    1
    —10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at
    C
    -
    5
    and/or
    C
    -
    6
    of
    1
    and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cells. Furthermore,
    1
    suppressed induction of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1
    cell apoptosis by serum starvation.
  • 金田 義宏, 加茂前 秀夫, 百目鬼 郁男, 尹 漢武, 中原 達夫
    家畜繁殖学雑誌
    1978年 24 巻 4 号 169-173
    発行日: 1978/12/05
    公開日: 2008/05/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    放牧牛において,prostaglandin F(PGF)とestradiol benzoate(
    E2B
    )の同時筋肉注射による発情同期化効果及び同期化された発情期における受胎性にっいて検討し,次の成績を得た。
    1
    .放牧牛31頭(ホルスタイン種未経産牛)において,黄体期にPGF15mgを筋肉注射(A群15頭)あるいはこれと同時に
    E2BO
    .
    5
    mgを筋肉注射(
    B
    群16頭)した結果,処置後31~
    96
    時間に発情が発現したものはA群では13頭(86.
    7
    %),
    B
    群では15頭(93.
    8
    %)であり,両群の間には大差がなかった。しかし,発情はA群では処置後37~84時間に13頭 (86.
    7
    %),
    B
    群では31~60時間に14頭(
    87
    .
    5
    %)に集中して発現し,
    E2B
    の併用によって発情発現までの時間は短縮した。
    2.排卵は,A群では処置後73~120時間に13頭(86.
    7
    %),
    B
    群では61~
    96
    時間に14頭(
    87
    .
    5
    %)に起こり,
    E2B
    の併用によって排卵の時期は処置後早期に,かつ短い時間帯に集中した。
    3
    .同期化された発情期に授精したA群の13頭中
    7
    頭(53.9%),
    B
    群の16頭中9頭(56.
    3
    %)がそれぞれ受胎し,受胎率において両群の間に差異はなかった。
    4.以上の成績から,PGF
    E2B
    を同時に併用筋肉注射することは,発情及び排卵の同期化に効果的であることを認めたが,この処置によって同期化された発情期の受胎性については,さらに多数例について検討する必要がある。
  • Suguru TAKATSUTO, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE
    Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
    1988年 52 巻 12 号 3217-3218
    発行日: 1988年
    公開日: 2006/04/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • MARIE LAVAULT, ALAIN FOURNET, HELENE GUINAUDEAU, JEAN BRUNETON
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1986年 34 巻 3 号 1148-1152
    発行日: 1986/03/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nine isoquinoline alkaloids belonging to the protoberberine, proaporphine and bisbenzyl-isoquinoline series were isolated from Caryomene olivascens (Menispermaceae). Four compounds are new : (-)-2-norlimacine (4), (-)-caryolivine (
    6
    ), (+)-
    1
    , 2-dehydro-2-norlimacusine (9) and N-formylstepharine (
    3
    ). The last one is the first N-formyl derivative to be reported in the proaporphine group. Its biogenetic origin is discussed. Structures were established on the basis of 360 MHz (FT) nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and also by chemical correlation in the case of
    3
    .
  • M. L. GHOSH
    Journal of Physics of the Earth
    1972年 20 巻 2 号 165-186
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2009/04/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.
  • Cbesseredes HORTS
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
    発行日: 1982/12/15
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
  • FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, FRÉDÉRIC TANGY, BERNARD MOREAU
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1979年 32 巻 12 号 1288-1292
    発行日: 1979年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    A sample of [
    3H
    ] tobrarnycin (
    5
    , 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
    the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
    two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
    protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
    tiirough of the messenger RNA.
  • その所属腱索および乳頭筋について
    島田 博
    日本医科大学雑誌
    1981年 48 巻 6 号 779-789
    発行日: 1981/12/15
    公開日: 2010/10/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although there have been numerous articles concerning the anatomy of the atrioventricular valve in man, only a few publications have recorded the relationship between the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship among the shape and size of the atrioventricular valve, the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. 50 subjects, as listed in Table
    1
    , were analyzed by the Taniya-Hashimoto Method.
    The results obtained were as follows:
    1
    ) The right atrioventricular valve was classified into two types: 33 cases (66%) of three irregularly shaped cusps, i.
    e
    . type I, and 17 cases (34%) of four or five cusps, i.
    e
    . type II.
    2) The average circumference of the right atrioventricular orifice (ostium atrioventriculare dextrum) was 11.
    96
    cm (9.63.15.06cm) in type I and 12.19cm (9.52.15.
    22
    cm) in type H. There existed no significant difference in the circumference of the atrioventricular orifice between type I and II.
    3
    ) The average length of the cusp-fundus (the length of the fixed margin of the cusp) was as follows:
    type I: anterior cusp…………4.13cm (2.03-
    6
    .
    96
    cm)
    posterior cusp…………
    3
    .62cm (
    1
    .21-
    5
    .44cm)
    septalcusp……………4.21cm (
    3
    .11-
    6
    .08cm)
    type II: anterior cusp…………4.10cm (2.68-
    5
    .42cm)
    posterior cusp…………
    3
    .67cm (0.94-
    5
    .70cm)
    septal cusp……………4.43cm (2.
    96
    -
    6
    .53cm)
    4) The average width of the cusp (the maximum distance between the apex and the fundus of the cusp) was as follows:
    type I: anterior cusp…………
    1
    .86cm (
    1
    .26-2.29cm)
    posterior cusp…………
    1
    .62cm (0.62-2.94cm)
    septal cusp……………
    1
    .76cm (
    1
    .15-2.72 cm)
    type II: anterior cusp…………
    1
    .92cm (
    1
    .40-2.34cm)
    posterior cusp…………
    1
    .72cm (0.94-2.42cm)
    septal cusp……………
    1
    .84cm (
    1
    .14-2.53cm)
    The length or width of the cusp in type I was similar to that in type II.
    5
    ) The papillary muscles consisted of five groups, which were named the anterior, postlateral, postmedial, postseptal and septal muscles. The average number of the papillary muscles per right ventricle was
    5
    .
    7
    (2.0.9.0). The chordae tendineae from the anterior papillarymuscles were attached to the anterior and posterior cusps and those from the postlateral and postmedial muscles were attached to the posterior and septal cusps. The chordae tendineae from the postseptal muscles were linked only to the septal cusp and those from the septal muscles were connected to the septal and anterior cusps.
    6
    ) The average number of the stems of the chordae tendineae from the papillary muscles were as follows:
    From the anterior papillary muscles………
    7
    .2 (2.0-14.0)
    the postlateral papillary muscles……
    3
    .
    5
    (
    1
    .0-
    8
    .0)
    the postmedial papillary muscles……4.0 (
    1
    .0-
    8
    .0) the postseptal papillary muscles……4.
    5
    (
    1
    .0-13.0) the septal papillary muscles………
    5
    .
    7
    (2.0-12.0)
    The average n umber of the stems of the chordae tendineae per right ventricle was 24.4 (16.0-35.0).
    7
    ) The tip of the chordae tendineae are attached to the fixed margin of the valve cusp, i.
    e
    . type A, to the ventricular surface, i.
    e
    . type
    B
    and to the free margin, i.
    e
    . type
    C
    . The average number of them were 23.4 (14.0-32.0) in type A, 19.2 (4.0-37.0) in type
    B
    and 68.
    1
    (31.0-105.0) in type
    C
    . The average number of the apexes of the chordae tendineae per right ventricle was 110.
    7
    (53.0-166.0).
    8
    ) The average number of the chordae tendineae for the anterior cusp was 34.9 (12.0-64.0), for the posterior cusp 30.
    5
    (
    5
    .0-65.0) and for the septal cusp 45.
    3
    (23.0-68.0).
  • I. F. Davies
    Journal of Light & Visual Environment
    1984年 8 巻 1 号 1_9-1_20
    発行日: 1984年
    公開日: 2011/05/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 澁谷 啓, 三田地 利之, 黄 聖春
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 3 号 87-100
    発行日: 2000/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus Gmax and the undrained shear strength cu with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey Gf. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding Gmax behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.
    e
    ., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.
    e
    ., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate cu"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory Ko test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".
  • 気管支学
    1999年 21 巻 3 号 54-59
    発行日: 1999/04/25
    公開日: 2016/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 気管支学
    1999年 21 巻 3 号 51-53
    発行日: 1999/04/25
    公開日: 2016/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 気管支学
    1999年 21 巻 3 号 33-42
    発行日: 1999/04/25
    公開日: 2016/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 気管支学
    1999年 21 巻 3 号 32-
    発行日: 1999/04/25
    公開日: 2016/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 増大する資源
    E
    . F. Boswell
    紙パ技協誌
    1998年 52 巻 7 号 885-889
    発行日: 1998/07/01
    公開日: 2009/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The world is in the midst of a huge fundamental shift in fibre supply, demand balances, and policy changes. Governments around the world are introducing policy changes which influence the supply demand balance as the politicians' thoughts are uttered. Government agencies and their bureaucrats are imposing changes on industry even before the legislation is passed by the government in question.
    This ad hoc change process will continue for a time to come until the countries in question show a tough-mindedness with regard to their land use policies. Policies affecting forest areas such as protection areas, Native land claims, the protection of biodiversity and a true goal of sustainable development ; which addresses the combined issues of cultural, environmental, social and economic matters.
    Eventually all of these difficult issues will reach essential closure. Then there will be great new opportunities for investment to meet the growing demand for forest products ; leading to a strengthening competitive position in the more traditional producing areas such as Canada.
  • 張 曼濤
    印度學佛教學研究
    1967年 15 巻 2 号 650-652
    発行日: 1967/03/31
    公開日: 2010/03/09
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 中田 尚男, 立松 晃
    Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan
    1967年 15 巻 1 号 5-12
    発行日: 1967/03/25
    公開日: 2011/03/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mass spectra of six monocyclic γ-pyrones are recorded (Fig.
    1
    -
    6
    ), and their fragmentation reactions are described. The characteristic features of the fragmentation pattern are: i) the elimination of carbon monoxide from the molecular ion, and ii) the retro-Diels-Alder cleavage of the γ-pyrone ring.
    As a pertinent example, the fragmentations of 2,
    6
    -dimethyl-γ-pyrone (II) are discussed in detail, where the meta-stable ion peaks (m*) for most reaction steps were clearly observed (Scheme I and II) .
    The primary process of the fragmentation of II is an expulsion of carbon monoxide from the molecular ion A (m/
    e
    124) with generation of a corresponding furan ion
    B
    (m/
    e
    96
    ) (Reaction
    1
    ) . The subsequent loss of a hydrogen atom from
    B
    would give an oxonium ion
    C
    (m/
    e
    95) (Reaction 2) . A skeletal rearrangement of the furan ion
    B
    may afford an equivalent ion
    B
    ' (m/
    e
    96
    ) (Reaction
    3
    ), which leads to ions of D (m/
    e
    43) and
    E
    (m/
    e
    81
    ) through plausible mechanisms (Reaction 4 and
    5
    ) . The loss of carbon monoxide from
    E
    yields methylcyclopropenyl cation F (m/
    e
    53) (Reaction
    6
    ) . The intermediacy of the furan ion in the fragmentation is supported by the similarity of the spectrum of 2,
    6
    -dimethyl-γ-pyrone(II)to that of 2,
    5
    -dimethyl-furan.
    Another important fragmentation pathway of II is the retro-Diels-Alder cleavage of the γ-pyrone ring with formation of an ion G (m/
    e
    84) (Reaction
    7
    ) . A further loss of a methyl radical from G produces an ion H (m/
    e
    69) (Reaction
    8
    ) .
    Several minor modifications and some additional fragmentation processes are required to interprete the spectra of other γ-pyrones. For methoxyl derivatives (IV and V), the expulsion of carbon monoxide from the molecular ion is followed by the loss of a methyl radical from the methoxyl group to give an oxonium ion, from which carbon monoxide is further eliminated (Scheme III) . When 2 and
    6
    positions of γ-pyrones are not substituted as in I and III, the hydrogen migration takes place after the retro-Diels-Alder cleavage of the ring, and carbon monoxide expulsion from the resulting ion gives the corresponding ketene radical cation (Scheme IV) . In the case of bromo derivative VI, the fragmentation involves also the expulsion of bromine radical(Scheme V).
    γ-Pyrones are isoelectronic with α-pyrones and tropones, and their mass spectral behaviors are expected to be similar in general. Comparisons of their spectra, however, indicate slight differences, which are well accounted for by the mechanistic scheme discussed above.
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