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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE COUPLED HEAT FLOW AND CONSOLIDATION AROUND HOT BURIED OBJECTS

A.M. BRITTO, C. SAVVIDOU, M.J. GUNN, J.R. BOOKER

土質工学会論文報告集
1992年 32 巻 1 号 13-25
発行日: 1992/03/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.32.13

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.
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Syntheses of 6, 6a,
7
,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-Octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
b
,
e
] oxepins and 6, 6a,
7
,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-Octahydro-11-oxodibenzo [
b
,
e
] thiepins

黒川美貴雄, 吉田耕治, 永井保嵩, 宇野準

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1983年 31 巻 12 号 4312-4318
発行日: 1983/12/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.31.4312

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, 6, 6a,
7
,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
b
,
e
] oxepins (3a and 3
b
), and -thiepins (4a and 4
b
) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4
b
were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10
b
). Deuterated 4a and 4
b
(11a and 11
b
) were prepared starting from butadiene-d₆ (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3
b
(cis), 4a (trans) and 4
b
(cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10
b
, 11a and 11
b
on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.
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Geophysical Study of Two Seamounts near Minami-Tori Sima (Marcus) Island, Western Pacific Ocean

Yoshio UEDA

Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity
1988年 40 巻 12 号 1481-1501
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2010/09/14

DOI https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.40.1481

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Sea-bottom topography, magnetic and gravity anomaly maps were compiled for two seamounts, Smt-948 (23.
7
°N, 151.
9
°
E
) and Smt-1100 (
22
.
8
°N, 153.4°
E
) in the vicinity of Minami-Tori Sima (Marcus) Island based on survey data observed by the S/V Takuyo of the Hydrographic Department of Japan from July to August, 1985. These flat-topped seamounts are located in the Jurassic magnetic quiet zone on crust older than 150Ma. On Smt-1100, sea bottom photographs were taken with a deep-sea camera and three dredge hauls were made. Three-dimensional magnetic analyses of Smt-948 gave a paleomagnetic pole position of 57.5°N, 329.5°
E
with the goodness-of-fit ratio 2.
83
. The pole position lies in the Pacific apparent polar wander path between the Late Jurassic (150Ma) and the Late Cretaceous (65-
94
Ma). This result implies that Smt-948 was generated in the middle Cretaceous, a significant period after the formation of the Jurassic sea-floor. Two-dimensional modeling of magnetic and gravity anomalies across these seamounts reveal a caldera-like basement structure, suggesting a constructional origin of the flat top of the guyot. A sequence of normal and reversed magnetic polarity layers is estimated from magnetic modeling on Smt-1100.
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Sythesis and Stereochemistry of 11-Amino-6, 6a,
7
,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibenzo[
b
,
e
]thiepines and-oxepines

黒川美貴雄, 糸川彰, 松本純一, 福本吉久, 月原冨武

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1992年 40 巻 9 号 2270-2274
発行日: 1992/09/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.40.2270

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11-Amino-6, 6a,
7
,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[
b
,
e
]thiepines (6a-d) and -oxepines (
7
a-d) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of 6, 6a,
7
,
8
,
9
, 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[
b
,
e
]thiepines (1a,
b
)and -oxepines (2a,
b
) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a-d and 5a-d, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6a and
7
a, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) 6
b
and
7
b
, trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)6c and
7
c, and trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6d and
7
d, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.
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非対称型3,4:
9
,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体の合成と性質

琴尾幸徳, 石川成実, 田辺順子, 御園生尭久

日本化学会誌（化学と工業化学）
1980年 1980 巻 9 号 1391-1396
発行日: 1980/09/10
公開日: 2011/05/30

DOI https://doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1980.1391

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Nアルキル3,4:
9
,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸モノアンヒドリド=モノイミド[4a～
e
]と芳香族アミン(アニリン,p-トルイジン,p-アニシジン,3,5-キシリジン,4-アミノナゾベンゼン,およびo-フェニレンジアミン)を縮合して非対称型3,4:
9
,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体-N-アルキル-N'-アリール-3,4:
9
,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(〔5a～
e
〕,〔6a～
e
〕,〔
7
a～
e
〕,〔
8
a～
e
〕,〔
9
a～
e
〕,および〔10a～
b
〕)を合成した. これらの各誘導体はすべて赤色系の色相を示し, 顔料試験の結果N-ブチル-N'-アリール-3,4:
9
,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(たとえば〔5
e
〕や〔6
e
〕)がとくにすぐれた耐光性を示した.
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Optical Energy-Levels of Cu⁺

Yosizo YAMAMOTO

Nippon Sugaku-Buturigakkwai Kizi Dai 3 Ki
1940年 22 巻 12 号 1048-1052
発行日: 1940年
公開日: 2009/06/09

DOI https://doi.org/10.11429/ppmsj1919.22.12_1048

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The numerical values of the intervals betrween optieal levels are competed for the configurations
1s²2s²2p⁸3s²3p⁸3
*^{94s
, 5s, 6s and 7
s of Cu⁺, according to the general expression of energy-levels derived in the previous paper The self-consistent field radial functions computed by Hartree adn Hartree are used for1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d. Those of 4s, 5s, e.s and are ealenlated from Hartree Hartree's core-functions by the numerical integrations. The calculated results are shown in Table I.The agreement with experiment is satisfactory
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STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF
7
E
,
9
E
- AND
7
E
,
9
Z-β-IONYLIDENEACETALDEHYDES BY USE OF TRICARBONYL IRON COMPLEX

和田昭盛, 平石佐栄子, 伊藤允好

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1994年 42 巻 3 号 757-759
発行日: 1994/03/15
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.42.757

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Stereoselective synthesis of
7
E
,
9
E
- and
7
E
,
9
Z-β-ionylideneacetaldehydes was accomplished from the β-ionone tricarbonyl iron complex, and the latter was converted to
9
Z-retinoic acid.
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右房室弁の形態学的検索

その所属腱索および乳頭筋について

島田博

日本医科大学雑誌
1981年 48 巻 6 号 779-789
発行日: 1981/12/15
公開日: 2010/10/14

DOI https://doi.org/10.1272/jnms1923.48.779

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Although there have been numerous articles concerning the anatomy of the atrioventricular valve in man, only a few publications have recorded the relationship between the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship among the shape and size of the atrioventricular valve, the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. 50 subjects, as listed in Table 1, were analyzed by the Taniya-Hashimoto Method.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The right atrioventricular valve was classified into two types: 33 cases (66%) of three irregularly shaped cusps, i.
e
. type I, and 17 cases (34%) of four or five cusps, i.
e
. type II.
2) The average circumference of the right atrioventricular orifice (ostium atrioventriculare dextrum) was 11.96cm (
9
.63.15.06cm) in type I and 12.19cm (
9
.52.15.
22
cm) in type H. There existed no significant difference in the circumference of the atrioventricular orifice between type I and II.
3) The average length of the cusp-fundus (the length of the fixed margin of the cusp) was as follows:
type I: anterior cusp…………4.13cm (2.03-6.96cm)
posterior cusp…………3.62cm (1.21-5.44cm)
septalcusp……………4.21cm (3.11-6.08cm)
type II: anterior cusp…………4.10cm (2.68-5.42cm)
posterior cusp…………3.67cm (0.
94
-5.70cm)
septal cusp……………4.43cm (2.96-6.53cm)
4) The average width of the cusp (the maximum distance between the apex and the fundus of the cusp) was as follows:
type I: anterior cusp…………1.86cm (1.26-2.29cm)
posterior cusp…………1.62cm (0.62-2.
94
cm)
septal cusp……………1.76cm (1.15-2.72 cm)
type II: anterior cusp…………1.92cm (1.40-2.34cm)
posterior cusp…………1.72cm (0.
94
-2.42cm)
septal cusp……………1.84cm (1.14-2.53cm)
The length or width of the cusp in type I was similar to that in type II.
5) The papillary muscles consisted of five groups, which were named the anterior, postlateral, postmedial, postseptal and septal muscles. The average number of the papillary muscles per right ventricle was 5.
7
(2.0.
9
.0). The chordae tendineae from the anterior papillarymuscles were attached to the anterior and posterior cusps and those from the postlateral and postmedial muscles were attached to the posterior and septal cusps. The chordae tendineae from the postseptal muscles were linked only to the septal cusp and those from the septal muscles were connected to the septal and anterior cusps.
6) The average number of the stems of the chordae tendineae from the papillary muscles were as follows:
From the anterior papillary muscles………
7
.2 (2.0-14.0)
the postlateral papillary muscles……3.5 (1.0-
8
.0)
the postmedial papillary muscles……4.0 (1.0-
8
.0) the postseptal papillary muscles……4.5 (1.0-13.0) the septal papillary muscles………5.
7
(2.0-12.0)
The average n umber of the stems of the chordae tendineae per right ventricle was 24.4 (16.0-35.0).
7
) The tip of the chordae tendineae are attached to the fixed margin of the valve cusp, i.
e
. type A, to the ventricular surface, i.
e
. type
B
and to the free margin, i.
e
. type C. The average number of them were 23.4 (14.0-32.0) in type A, 19.2 (4.0-37.0) in type
B
and 68.1 (31.0-105.0) in type C. The average number of the apexes of the chordae tendineae per right ventricle was 110.
7
(53.0-166.0).
8
) The average number of the chordae tendineae for the anterior cusp was 34.
9
(12.0-64.0), for the posterior cusp 30.5 (5.0-65.0) and for the septal cusp 45.3 (23.0-68.0).
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Chemische und chemotaxonomische Untersuchungen von Filices. XXXV. Chemische Untersuchungen der Inhaltsstoffe von Polystichum tripteron (KUNZE) P_R.

村上孝夫, 木村毅, 和田浩志, 田中信寿, 斎木保久, 陳秋明

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1981年 29 巻 3 号 866-868
発行日: 1981/03/25
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.29.866

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From the fronds of Polystichum tripteron (KUNZE) P_R. a new norcarotenoid glycoside was isolated and shown to be (6R,
7
E
,
9
R)-
9
-hydroxy-megastigma-4,
7
-dien-3-one-
9
-O-β-D-glucoside. The fronds of Dennstaedtia wilfordii (MOORE) CHRIST. contain the same glucoside.
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The production of nematode-immobilizing secretory cells by Climacodon septentrionalis

Joey
B
. Tanney, Leonard J. Hutchison

Mycoscience
2012年 53 巻 1 号 31-35
発行日: 2012年
公開日: 2023/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-011-0128-1

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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WAVE-INDUCED SEABED INSTABILITY : DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LIQUEFACTION AND SHEAR FAILURE

善功企, /, 大山巧, TAKUMI OHYAMA

地盤工学会論文報告集
1998年 38 巻 2 号 37-47
発行日: 1998/06/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.38.2_37

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The mechanism of wave-induced instability in a permeable seabed have been studied for more than two decades. The distinction between shear failure and liquefaction, however, has not been clearly defined. This paper presents a fundamental study on the differences in two failure modes for a fully saturated seabed of both finite and infinite thickness. The wave-induced effective stresses and pore pressure, obtained from an analytical solution of Biot's pore-elastic consolidation theory, were employed to examine the failure modes under a two-dimensional plane strain condition. A case study is presented to examine the failure modes with respect to several parameters, such as excess pore pressure, seepage flow, seepage force, failure areas and stress path in the seabed. The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows ; (1) the thickness of a permeable seabed affects the pore pressure and effective stress response to ocean waves and the failure mode of the seabed, (2) either a liquefaction or shear failure, or both, occur in the seabed, even in the saturated seabed, (3) the Mohr-Coulomb's failure criterion, when combined with elastic stresses, can not be employed to estimate the liquefaction failure in the seabed, (4) the liquefaction can be evaluated by a criterion in terms of the excess pore pressure, (5) The liquefied zone in the seabed is significantly different from the shear failure zone. The shape beneath the seabed surface for the former is almost identical to the contour where the upward seepage flow is concentrated.
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Sterol Constituents from Five Edible Mushrooms

Yasunori YAOITA, Keiko AMEMIYA, Hiroyuki OHNUMA, Katsuyuki FURUMURA, Akihiro MASAKI, Toshihiko MATSUKI, Masao KIKUCHI

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1998年 46 巻 6 号 944-950
発行日: 1998/06/15
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.46.944

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Eight new sterols, 5α,
8α
-epidioxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-23-methylergosta-6,
22
-dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, 5α,
9α
-trihydroxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-23-methylergosta-
7
,
22
-dien-6-one (2), 3β, 5α,
9α
-trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost-
7
-en-6-one (3), 3β, 5α,
9α
, 14α-tetrahydroxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-
7
,
22
-dien-6-one (4), (
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-
7
,
22
-diene-3β, 5α, 6α,
9α
-tetrol (5), 5α,
9α
-epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-
7
,
22
-dien-6-one (6), 5α,
9α
-epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost-
7
-en-6-one (
7
) and 5α, 6α-epoxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-
8
,
22
-diene-3β,
7β
, 14α-triol (
8
), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (
9
-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.
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Photochemical Reaction of Ergosta-4, 6,
8
(14),
22
-tetraen-3-one

Nobutoshi TANAKA, Ken-ichi HOSOI, Daizo TANAKA, Mimei TAKAHASHI

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1996年 44 巻 4 号 843-846
発行日: 1996/04/15
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.44.843

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Chemical properties of ergosta-4, 6,
8
(14),
22
-tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give 6α,
9α
-epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4,
7
,
22
-trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to 6α,
7α
;
8α
,
9α
-diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4,
22
-dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy-
9α
-hydroxyergosta-4,
7
,
22
-triene-3, 6-dione (4) under these reaction conditions.
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虚血性心臟病におけるコレステロール負荷時の血清リポ蛋白変動(第2報)

―特にアポ蛋白Eの変化について―

本間康彦, 三神美和, 佐藤美智子, 石原仁一, 吉川広, 木下栄治, 田川隆介, 星合充基, 古屋秀夫, 井出満, 田辺晃久, 玉地寛光, 兼本成斌, 友田春夫, 中谷矩章, 五島雄一郎

動脈硬化
1984年 12 巻 3 号 599-603
発行日: 1984/08/01
公開日: 2011/09/21

DOI https://doi.org/10.5551/jat1973.12.3_599

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Seven hundred fifty mg of cholesterol were fed daily to 32 patients of the ischemic heart disease (IHD) for 2 weeks. Cholesterol amounts in VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL₂ and HDL₃ were estimated on the 0th,
7
th and 14th days of cholesterol load. Plasma apoprotein A-I, A-II,
B
, C-II,
E
levels were also measured in 16 from 32 IHD subjects. Apoprotein levels were estimated by a method of single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). Before cholesterol administration, cholesterol amounts in VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL₂ and HDL₃ were 15.
9
±
7
.5mg/dl (mean±SD), 150.
9
±58.1mg/dl 43.
8
±
9
.6mg/dl, 16.4±5.
8
mg/dl and 24.
9
±6.3mg/dl respectively. Plasma apoprotein A-I, A-II,
B
, C-II and
E
levels were 81.
7
±
22
.0 mg/dl, 15.1±5.4mg/dl, 93.
7
±36.0mg/dl, 3.
83
±1.00mg/dl and 4.29±1.36mg/dl respectively. After 2 weeks' cholesterol feeding, all plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein levels did not change significantly. Correlation coefficients between plasma apoprotein and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were calculated. Apoprotein A-I and A-II correlated with HDL-C (r=0.348), HDL₂-C (r=0.612) and HDL₃ (r=0.569). Apoprotein
B
correlated with total cholesterol (TC) (r=0.610), VLDL-C (r=0.341), LDL-C (r=0.726), HDL-C (r=0.432) and HDL₂-C (r=0.465). Apoprotein C-II correlated with TC (r=0.765), TG (r=0.679), VLDL-C (r=0.651), LDL-C (r=0.461) and HDL₂-C (r=0.326). Apoprotein
E
correlated with TC (r=0.580), TG (r=0.575) and VLDL-C (r=0.666). Interapoprotein's correlations were also calculated. Apoprotein A-I correlated with apoprotein A-II (r=0.468). Apoprotein
B
correlated with apoprotein C-II (r=0.393). Apoprotein C-II correlated with apoprotein
B
(r=0.393) and
E
(r=0.549). Apoprotein
E
only correlated with apoprotein C-II (r=0.549).
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抗生物質の生体内動態に関する基礎的研究

第1編血清蛋白との結合について

橋本孝夫

CHEMOTHERAPY
1973年 21 巻 1 号 38-44
発行日: 1973/01/25
公開日: 2011/03/08

DOI https://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.21.38

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The binding of penicillin G and other 29 antibiotics to the bovine plasma proteins, a part of the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, was investigated by the ultrafiltrating technique at 4°C.
As the rates of the binding, inactivation, recovery and binding activity, following values were obtained in order : 64.
9
to 82.
7
%, 11. 96 to 56. 85%,
7
. 77 to 25. 75% and
8
.
9
to 34. 11% in penicillin antibiotics; 0 to 61. 4%, 0 to 10. 66%, 0. 49 to 12.
8
% and 14. 91 to 41. 72% in glycoside antibiotics; 91. 0 to 99.
9
%, 16. 0 to 46. 19%, 44. 98 to 71. 01% and 4. 33 to 21. 06% in tetracycline antibiotics; 55.
22
to
94
. 1%, 5. 37 to 57. 36%, 1. 32 to 31. 5% and
9
. 66 to 40. 65% in macrolide antibiotics; and 72. 6 to 95. 68%, 14. 34 to 51. 85%,
8
. 19 to 30. 12%, and 17. 28 to 41. 54% in chloramphenicol antibiotics, respectively.
Optimum pH of the binding of antibiotics to the plasma proteins was in the range 5. 0 to
8
. 0, i.
e
.
8
. 0 in penicillin antibiotics, 5. 0 in glycoside antibiotics,
7
. 0 to
8
. 0 in tetracycline antibiotics, 6. 0 to
7
. 0 in macrolide antibiotics, and
7
. 0 to
8
. 0 in chloramphenicol antibiotics, respectively.
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Sterol Constituents from Seven Mushrooms

Yasunori YAOITA, Makiko ENDO, Yoshino TANI, Kaori MACHIDA, Keiko AMEMIYA, Katsuyuki FURUMURA, Masao KIKUCHI

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1999年 47 巻 6 号 847-851
発行日: 1999/06/15
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.47.847

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Six new sterols, 5α, 6α;
8α
,
9α
-diepoxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergost-
22
-ene-3β,
7α
-diol (1), 5α, 6α;
8α
,
9α
-diepoxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergost-
22
-ene-3β,
7β
-diol (2), 5α, 6α-epoxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-
8
,
22
-diene-3β,
7β
-diol (3), (
22
E
, 24R)-23-methylergosta-
7
,
22
-diene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (4), (
22
E
, 24R)-23-methulergosta-
7
,
22
-diene-3β, 5α, 6β,
9α
-tetrol (5) and (24S)-ergost-
7
-ene-3β, 5α, 6β,
9α
-tetrol (6), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (
7
-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.
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土砂中の多環芳香族炭化水素の簡易分析法

松下秀鶴, 嵐谷奎一, 小谷野道子

大気汚染研究
1976年 11 巻 4 号 252-259
発行日: 1977/01/20
公開日: 2011/08/11

DOI https://doi.org/10.11298/taiki1966.11.252

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This paper discribes a sample method for determining polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil, This method consists of the following procedures. Soil samples are passed thruogh a screen of 28 mesh for removing fine stands and rubbish. PAH in the soil samples are extracted with 150 ml of benzene for
8
hours by with Soxhlet's appratus. The extracted benzene solution is then evaporated to dryness at low temperture (ca. 40°C) by a rotary evaporator. The residue is dissolved in a small volume of benzene. PAH in the benzene solution are separated into each component with one-dimensional dual band thinlayer chromatography [Thin-layer plate; Kieselguhr G (2×20, cm)-(26% Acetylated cellulose + Cellulose D-0) (95: 5, w/w, 16×20, cm), Developer; Ethanol-Ether-Water (4: 4: 1, v/v) for the 1st development, Methanol-Ether-Water (4: 4: 1, v/v) for the 2nd development]. Each PAH spot separated on the thinlayer is scraped off into a small centrifugal-tube. After adding 4 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) into a tube, ultra sonic extraction is carried out for 10 minutes in order to completely dissolve PAH into DMSO. This DMSO solution is centrifuged for 5 minutes. PAH in the supernatant is identified by comparison of its fluorescence and excitation spectra with those of standard PAH solution and determined spectrofluorometrically by narrow base line method. The accuracy of this method was high and stable. For example, recovery and its coefficient of variation was 97.2% and 1.01% for pyrene, 96.
7
% and 1.58% for benz (a) anthracene, 95.
7
% and 2.06% for benzo (a) pyrene, and
94
.3% and 1.58% for benzo (ghi) perylene.
Authors applied this method to the analysis of PAH in soil, and 11 PAH were identified. They were pyrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, anthanthrene, benzo (
b
) fluoranthene, benz (a) anthracene, benzo (a) pyrene, perylene, benzo (
e
) pyrene and benzo (ghi) perylene. The identified PAH except benzo (
b
) fluoranthene were also determined quantitatively. Benzo (a) pyrene contents in soils in urban areas were much higher than those in soils in rural areas. The contents were 53-4930 ppb in urban area and 0.07-11 ppb in rural area. Benzo (a) pyrene contents in urban soils were higer in winter as compared with those in summer. PAH contents in soils which were sampled in Yotsuyakamimachi, Kawasaki-shi a heavy air pollution area in winter of 1973 were ranged from 3.33 to 65.0 ppm for pyrene, from 3.09 to 70.
7
ppm for fluoranthene, from 1.02 to 24.
8
ppm for chrysene, from 0.44 to 10.
8
ppm for benz (a) anthracene, from 0.
94
to
22
.1 ppm for benzo (a) pyrene, from 0, 29 to
8
.
94
ppm for benzo (k) fluoranthene, from 0.20 to 4.95 ppm for perylene, from 0.30 to 10.4 ppm for benzo (
e
) pyrene, from 0.12 to 2.78ppm for anthanthrene, and from 0.
94
to 14.
9
ppm for benzo (ghi) perylene. These findings suggest strongly the fact that soils in urban area are polluted by PAH including carcinogenic benzo (a) pyrene.
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〔
22
〕新しいパッカードV-
8
機関〔W.
E
.Schwieder, S.A.
E
., J., 1955-
7
, Vol.63, No.
7
, p.58, 64〜68, 図
9
, 表1〕

来田寅男

日本機械学会誌
1956年 59 巻 444 号 93-
発行日: 1956/01/05
公開日: 2017/06/21

DOI https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.59.444_93_1

解説誌・一般情報誌フリー

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RESPONSE OF A DENSE SAND DEPOSIT DURING 1993 KUSHIR0-0KI EARTHQUAKE

井合進, 森田年一, 亀岡知弘, 松永康男, 安彦和之

土質工学会論文報告集
1995年 35 巻 1 号 115-131
発行日: 1995/03/15
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.35.115

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In the 1993 Kushiro-oki Earthquake of Richter magnitude
7
.
8
, simultaneous recording of earthquake motions was successfully made at the ground surface and at a depth of 77 meters in a dense saturated sand deposit. The peak horizontal acceleration was 0.47 g on the ground surface and 0.21 g at a depth of 77 meters. The acceleration record at the ground surface showed a distinctive ground response, which consisted of a cyclic motion having a period of about 1.5 seconds overlain by a spike at each peak of the motion. In order to study the mechanism of this peculiar ground response, effective stress analysis was conducted on the dense saturated sand deposit. The model used for this study was a strain space multiple mechanism model, which takes into account the effect of principal stress axis rotation. The recorded earthquake motion at a depth of 77 meters was used as the input earthquake motion for the analysis. Sampling after in-situ freezing was done in order to evaluate the properties of the sand. The results of the analysis indicated that the observed ground response was due to the effect of dilatancy of sand, which plays a significant role in the response of the dense saturated sand deposits during strong earthquake motions.
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熱力学諸量の測定とその結果を用いた化学熱力学計算によるNi-Mo-
B
およびNi-W-
B
3成分系状態図の決定

香山滉一郎, 森下政夫, 張国鋒

粉体および粉末冶金
2006年 53 巻 5 号 419-429
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2006/12/19

DOI https://doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.53.419

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo-
B
and Ni-W-
B
ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol%
B
were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
E₁
:L (1365K, 71.5mol%Ni-6.0mol%Mo-
22
.5mol%
B
)=(Ni)+
Ni₃B
+
NiMo₂B₂

E₂
:L (1355K, 62.5mol%Ni-2.5mol%Mo-30.5mol%
B
)=
Ni₃B
+
Ni₂B
+
NiMo₂B₂

E₃
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%
B
)=(Ni)+NiMo+
NiMo₂B₂

P₁:L (1812K, 34.
9
mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-
22
.
8
mol%
B
)+MoB=
Mo₂B
+
NiMo₂B₂

P₂:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%
B
)+Mo=
Mo₂B
+
NiMo₂B₂

P₃:L (1812K, 53.5mol%Ni-33.
7
mol%Mo-12.
8
mol%
B
)+Mo=NiMo+
NiMo₂B₂

E₁
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.4mol%
B
)=(Ni)+W+
NiW₂B₂

E₂
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-
7
.0mol%W-
22
.0mol%
B
)=(Ni)+
Ni₃B
+
NiW₂B₂

E₃
:L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.
8
mol%W-29.
8
mol%
B
)=
Ni₂B
+
Ni₃B
+
NiW₂B₂

P₁:L (2115K, 23.
8
mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%
B
)+WB=
W₂B
+
NiW₂B₂

P₂:L (1657K, 48.
9
mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%
B
)+
W₂B
=W+
NiW₂B₂

The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.
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