性周期における牛の末梢血中遊離estrogen測定にITTRICH螢光法を応用して次の成績を得た。
Ittrich colorの最大波長をspectrofluorometer Hitachi MPF-2AおよびType203で測定した結果,励起光538nm,螢光552.nmであった。この螢光特性は, およびにそれぞれ共通であった。実際の測定では最大波長が接近しているので感度は若干低下するが510~520nmで励起し•螢光側552•±•を読み,ALLENの補正を行なった。この条件において,および-methyletherの最少検出量はであった。回収率補正の目的で加えた6,7-³H--17βの全過程における回収率は平均60.3±11.7%であった。正常性周期を示す黒毛和種2頭の頸静脈血についてestrogenを分画測定した。その結果,両牛共,の各消長型は性周期の全期間を通じてほぼ同じ傾向を示したが,はにくらべ全般に高値であった。または検出されなかった。これらの牛のtotalestrogenは発情前期に増加し,排卵前に鋭いピーク(35.3および/l;および16.0ng/l,および/l)を形成し,排卵後は急激に減少して最低値(3.~/l;および/l,および/l)を示した。黄体期の最高値(10.および27.0ng/l;および/l,および23.6ng/l)は排卵後6~日に認めた。すなわちestrogenの血中濃度は性周期の間に2つのピークを形成することを認めた。

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A total of 176

E

. coli isolates were retrieved from 203 diarrheic fecal samples collected from Korean cattle on 117 different farms. The most frequently observed resistance in

E

. coli isolates was to tetracycline (.6%), followed by streptomycin (80.7%) and ampicillin (64.%). Resistance to cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefepime and amikacin was very low. Of the 176

E

. coli strains, forty (.7%) isolates from 30 farms showed resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ). All the FQ-resistant strains possessed double mutations at codons and in the gyrA gene, and a single mutation mostly at codon 80 in the parC gene, except in one isolate. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the FQ-resistant

E

. coli isolates were heterogeneous, but two or three isolates that showed an identical pattern originated from the same or different farms. This study demonstrates that FQ resistance is frequently observed in

E

. coli from diarrheic cattle and that mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region are the same as those seen in

E

. coli originating from other animal species and humans. The FQ resistance in diarrheic cattle might have been mostly acquired independently, although the possibility of transmission of FQ-resistant

E

. coli within a farm or between farms is plausible.

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Background

The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

Methods

Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G

;2;3;) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH .2 (.2±0.05) to pH 7.0 (7.0±0.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH 7 exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is minutes, i.. the active substance should not be released within minutes at pH 7. The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH (.0±0.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH 7 with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

Results

Omeprazole concentrations after

, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH 7 solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were ,7±0,7%; 41,±3,0%; 62,±,0%; 79,±2,%; ,±2,%; 81,6±2,%; 80,6±,%; for Generic - 0; 49,3±,%; , ±2,%; 90,±3,7%; , 2±2,2%; ,3±2,0%; 85,±,%; for Generic2 - 0; 30,6±6,3%; 66,7±,2%; 76,±7,%; 82,±,3%; 86,0±3,7%; 84,6±3,3%: for Generic3 - 80,±3,6%; ,±,%; , ±3,2%; ,3±2,7%; 81,±2,%; 82,±2,0%; 82,0±2,%; for Generic - 82,±,7%; 84,±0,%; 84,2±,2%; 82, ±0,%; 82,±0,%; 82,±0,%; 82,±,%, respectively.

An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH 7 solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO -

,±0,6%; 40, ±3,0%; 62,±2,0%; 80,0±3,%; 85,±2,%; 82,±3,%; 80,±3,%; for Generic - 0; 67,0±7,%; 89,7±2,3%; 91, ±,3%; 89,±,6%; ,3±,%; ,±,2%; for Generic2 - 0; 42,2±,6%; 75,±7,3%; 81,0±6,0%; ,±3,2%; , 6±,3%; ,±,0%; for Generic - 85,±0,%; 85,6±0,%; 84,7±0,%; 82,7±3,0%; 84,±0,3%; 84,±0,3%; 84,3±0,%, respectively. Generic3 release and degradation were completely realized at pH .

Conclusion

Decreased gastric stability of Generic3 and Generic

makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

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本検討は, 経皮的冠動脈形成術 (PCI) 後の翌日血液透析 (HD) 時における透析中低血圧 (IDH) の発生因子について検討した. 対象は待機的PCI後, 翌日HDを施行した慢性HD患者連続

名 (年齢70±7歳, 男性64名). IDHの定義は, 収縮期血圧20mmHg以上の低下で, 症状を伴いかつHD中断を要したものとした. また, HD記録よりIDHを後方視的に調査し, Logistic回帰分析にてIDHの予測因子を検討した. IDH群 (12名) は非IDH群 (71名) に比して, 有意に低体重 (52.0±3. vs. 62.±.kg; p=0.007), 造影剤量/体重が多く (2.±0.3 vs. .±0.mL/kg; p=0.018), 低左室駆出率で (45.±.2 vs. 56.0±.% ; p=0.030), /’ が高値 (.±3. vs. 17.2±0.cm/sec; p=0.038) であった. また, 冠動脈病変や侵襲的な治療について有意差は認めなかった. Logistic回帰分析では, 造影剤量/体重 (OR, 6.; 95%CI, .-25.; p=0.004) がIDHの有意な予測因子であった. 造影剤使用量が多い症例は, IDHを生じる危険性が高いことが示唆された.

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ラットに³H-CU-(S)を25μg/kgで静脈内あるいは経口投与し，血液中濃度および尿糞中排泄を検討した．
静脈内投与後の血液中濃度推移は投与後分より上昇し，投与後45分に25.74ng eq./mlのC_maxを示し，それ以後/2 3.05時間と/2 33.09時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは135.42ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
経口投与では，投与後3時間でC_max .10ng eq./mlに達し，以後/2α .46時間と/2β 26.時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは48.62ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
静脈内投与と経口投与のいずれの場合も，尿および糞中への放射能の排泄は，投与後48時間でほぼ終了した．静脈内投与では，投与後72時間までに投与量の30.52%が尿中に，60.42%が糞中に排泄された．経口投与では，同じく72時間までに40.34%が尿中に，69.24%が糞中に排泄された．

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1991年～2005年の福井県など県における散発下痢症患者由来の大腸菌0153107株について, 市販の薬剤感受性ディスクを用いたKB (Kirby-Bauer) 法で12剤の薬剤感受性を調べた. 薬剤別耐性菌出現率はampicillinが72.%, streptomycinが48.6%, tetracyclinおよびsulfisoxazoleが46.7%, nalidixic acid (NA) が29.%およびciprofloxacin (CPFX) が24.3%などであった. 7～10剤に耐性を示す18株中16株など計26株が, NAおよびCPFXに耐性を示した. NAおよびCPFXに耐性を示した24株とNAに耐性を示した株について, gyrAおよびparC遺伝子の解析を行った結果, 次のtypesに分けられた. type (株) GyrA (SL) ・ParC (S80I), type2 (12株) GyrA (SL & DN) ・ParC (S80I), type3 (株) GyrA (SL & DN) ・ParC (S80I & 84G) または (S80R & 84V), type (株) GyrA (SL & DN) ・ParC (S80I & A108T). アミノ酸変異とfluoroquinolone (FQ) 系薬剤の最小発育阻止濃度 (MIC) との関連をみると, CPFX, ofioxacinおよびnorfloxacinのMICはtypeでは, それぞれμg/mL, 2μg/mLおよびμg/mL, type2では～32μg/mL, ～32μg/mLおよび16～256μg/mL, type3, では32～256μg/mL, 32～128μg/mLおよび128～>512μg/mLであった. 患者由来のFQ系剤耐性大腸菌O153が多剤耐性傾向を示すとともに, gyrAおよびparCで各々～2カ所の変異がみられた.

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The syntheses of (S)-13-hydroxy-(2, , )-tetradecatrienoic acid () and (2, , Z-tetradecatrienoic acid (2) were carried out by using the Wittig reaction as the key step. The asymmetric center at C-13 and the double bond between C- and C- for natural compound were reconfirmed as being of (S) configuration and , respectively. The relationship between the structure of the unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids and their inhibitory effect on the growth of lettuce was investigated.

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Shichijo's reaction, a biological test for diagnosis of gastric diseases, is known to give fairly high percentage of positivity in gastric cancer. The author performed gastric biopsy with 415 cases using a fiber-gastroscope, and compared histological findings in gastric mucosa with Shichijo's reaction. Surgical specimens were also examined in some cases. In thes subjects tested were included 33 cases of early gastric cancer. The findings obtained were as follows :
) In the advanced gastric cancer, the positive group of Shichijo's reaction (inclusive of theintermediate type) accounted for 18 of the total 24 cases (75%), that was significantly higher than in benign gastric diseases : 23.3% in gastric ulcer, 16.% in gastric polyp, and 15.% in gastritis. These results were approximately equal to the previous reports.
In the early gastric cancer, the positivity rate was of 33 (24.2%), and many (21 of 33, i.. 63.6%) gave type III and IV, the total cases of type III to IX of shichijo's reaction accounting for 29 of 33 cases (.%). In applying Shichijo's reaction as a screening test for gastric cancer in social wide examinations, it should therefore be better to include all the cases of type III to IX for detailed examination.
3) Early gastric cancer, giving the intermediate and the positive type of Shichijo's reaction, frequently occurred in those of the protruding and the concaving type by the endoscopic classification ( of 6 cases, i. . .%), whereas the negative type was frequently observed in those of the superficial flat type ( of 25 cases, i. . .%).
) Pathohistological classification and developed sites of gastric cancer did not give any relation with types of Shichijo's reaction, but the depth of the cancer cell infiltration was related with the positivity; especially in cases with the muscular layer invaded the positivity rate was much high.
) Shichijo's reaction was not used as a supplementary method in differentiation of early gastric cancer from benign gastric diseases resembling it, since no differnce was od-served between them in any type of Shichijo's reaction.
6) Relation- between stages of benign ulcer (which were assumed from histological findings of gastric biopsy specimens) and Shichijo's reaction was observed. It was found that the positivity was relatively higher in the almost healed and the scar stage ulcer.
7) Some morphological classifications of polyp-like lesions and various gastritis had to definite relation with Shichijo's reaction, excepting the superficial nature of the former; in polyp-like lesions with rough surface, the positivity rate was higher than in those with smooth surface.

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In the seismic analysis of pile foundations the soil is often assumed to be an elastic material and the pressure at the soil pile interface is not limited during the analysis. This may result in a considerable error, as the computed pressure from an elastic analysis may go well beyond the ultimate lateral pressure of real soil. In fact, significant yielding at the soil-pile interface has been observed during real earthquakes, and also in laboratory tests. The yield zone is usually near the ground surface where the effect of inertial force due to the superstructure is higher. This yielding redefines the pile response, and in general cannot be ignored. In order to examine the effects of soil yielding on the internal pile response during earthquakes an approximate analysis is described in this paper which is an extension of a static method developed by the second author (1982) for the analysis of piles subjected to lateral soil movement. This method is then used to investigate the effects of soil yielding on the internal response of piles through a comparative study in which real earthquakes are used. It is shown that for strong earthquakes and heavily loaded piles the soil yielding may considerably increase the amount of maximum pile moment developed in the pile. A marked difference in the effects of yielding on the pile moment and shear is observed and discussed.

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The interaction between a penetrating shaft and the surrounding soil media under impact loading is a frequently encountered phenomenon in geotechnical engineering. Examples of such dynamic soil/shaft interaction would include dynamic pile driving, standard penetration testing (SPT), and dynamic driven rod test. Presented in this paper is a novel approach, based on the principle of dynamic system identification, which enables identification of dynamic soil-pile interaction model parameters. The analytical transfer function, relating the output stress wave forms to the input stress wave forms in the soil/shaft system, is derived using the Laplace and Fourier Transform techniques and the one-dimensional wave propagation theories. A numerical solution algorithm based on a variation of gradient method is coded into a micro-computer based program to solve the frequency-dependent soil-pile interaction parameters (Smith model) : soil damping and soil spring stiffness. To further reduce the amount of computational effort required in the solution of the frequency-dependent dynamic soil properties, it is suggested that the solution be obtained for the first-mode natural frequency of the measured stress waves. The results obtained from this simplified solution algorithm, when compared with both numerical simulations and controlled laboratory tests, are reasonably acceptable. The proposed parameter identification technique offers a viable alternative data interpretation procedure for deducing pertinent Smith model parameters used frequently in pile driving analysis.

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A comparative study of the static and dynamic response of a slope is carried out, using the large deformation theory of the updated Lagrangian formulation and the conventional infinitesimal theory. In the static analysis, a strength reduction method proposed by one of the authors is used to evaluate the safety factor of the slope. It is found that by the large deformation theory, the safety factor is larger than that calculated by the infinitesimal theory, and this difference becomes large along with the reduction of elastic modulus. In the dynamic analysis, it is observed that the large deformation theory gives smaller sliding displacement and larger response acceleration than the infinitesimal approach. It is concluded that in many cases the large deformation approach gives more adequate solutions.

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Blood sugar contents of three hundred and thirty blood specimens were determined by six different analytical methods, i.., the glucose-oxidase method (G), the autoanalyser method with Hoffman's method (A), the Somogyi-Nelson method (S), the o-toluidine method (T), the Momose's method (M) and the Hage-dorn-Jensen method (H). The values determined by micromethods of Hagedorn-Jensen, of Momose and of Somogyi-Nelson are usually higher, and the values obtained by o-toluidine method are mostly lower than those estimated by the glucose-oxidase method. The values determined by the autoanalyser method are most consistent with those of the glucose-oxidase method among the five analytical methods. With the values of six series, the regression equations were obtained as following: A=0.86 G + 13, S=0.90 G + 34, T=0.76 G + , M=0.98 G + 28, H=0.85 G + 40, S=.02 A + 23, T=0. A-3, M=.10 A + 17, H=0.98 A + 26, T=0.75 S-7, M=0. S+, H=0. +23, M=. T+24, H=0.78 M+26.

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The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and 85% aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction ) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18: n- 35, 18:2 n-6 , 18:3 n-3 167, 18: n-3 , 20: n-3 167, and :6 n-3 , respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction . However, the toxicity of the fraction H per g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction , since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.

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N-(2-フルオレニル) -マレイミド (I), N--(-アセトキシナフチル) -マレイミド (II), N-2-(-アセトキシフルオレニル) -マレイミド (III) の単独重合, 共重合をアゾビスイソブチロニトリル (IV) を開始剤としてテトラヒドロフラン中, 60℃で行った. 単独重合の初速度 (R_p) は, R_p=k [I] ^2.11 [IV] ^0.64, R_p=k [II] ^2.26 [IV] ^0.72, R_p=k [III]

1.76

[IV] ^0.52となった. kは速度定数である. 全重合の活性化エネルギー (

E

), 頻度係数 (A) は

E

=26.

4

kcal/mol (I), 23.3kcal/mol (II),

22

.

8

kcal/mol (III), A=3.

4

×10¹⁵ (I), 2.7×10¹¹ (II),

1

.

5

×10¹¹ (III) となった. またN置換マレイミドとメタクリル酸メチル (V) との共重合におけるモノマー反応性比, Q,

e

値を次のように決定した.
I (

M₁

) -V (M₂) 系で,

r₁

=0.24, r₂=0.

93

,

Q₁

=0.43,

e₁

=

1

.82, II (

M₁

) -V (M₂) 系で,

r₁

=0.17,

r₂2.29

,

Q₁

=0.51,

e₁

=

1

.37, III (

M₁

) -V (M₂) 系で,

r₁

=0.068, r₂=

1

.34,

Q₁

=0.

87

,

e₁

=

1

.90となった.

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Enterococcus faecium and

. faecalis are important human pathogens and also served as sentinel organisms for monitoring systems of antimicrobial resistance in both animals and humans. In this study, 106

E

. faecium and 56

E

. faecalis isolates were collected from 61 pig farms in 18 proveinces of China. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for clinically important antibiotics and 3 antimicrobial growth promoters. The Enterococcus isolates showed high prevalence of resistance to medically important antibiotics, such as ampicillin (50.% for

E

. faecium and 19.6% for

E

. faecalis), chloramphenicol (24.% for

E

. faecium and 41.% for

E

. faecalis), erythromycin (.0% for

E

. faecium and 91.% for

E

. faecalis), tetracycline (79.2% for

E

. faecium and 100% for

E

. faecalis), quinupristin/dalfopristin (26.% for

E

. faecium) and ciprofloxacin (73.6% for

E

. faecium and 66.% for

E

. faecalis). Resistance to tigecycline, linezolid and vancomycin was very rare. The resistance status of three representative in-feed antibiotics bacitracin, nosiheptide and enramycin was firstly investigated with Enterococcus as indicator bacteria. The Enterococcus isolates showed extremely high frequency of bacitracin resistance (96.7% for

E

. faecium and .% for

E

. faecalis), while no nosiheptide and enramycin resistance was observed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that a majority of

E

. faecium and

E

. faecalis strains showed unrelated profiles, indicating high heterogeneity among the Enterococcus isolates. Our study provided basic data on the antimicrobial resistance of

E

. faecium and

E

. faecalis isolates.

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Escherichia coli (

. coli) is a zoonotic pathogen that often causes diarrhea, respiratory diseases or septicemia in animals. Fluoroquinolones are antimicrobial agents used to treat pathogenic

E

. coli infections. In this study, ,221

E

. coli strains were isolated between March, 2011 and February, 2014. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high prevalence of quinolone resistance. The antimicrobial resistance rates of these

E

. coli isolates to nalidixic acid (NAL) were 72.0% in swine, 81.% in chickens, 81.0% in turkeys, 64.0% in ducks and 73.2% in geese. Among these isolates, the positive rate for the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinant was 14.% (181/,221); the detection rate for was the highest (10.2%), followed by aac(6’)-Ib-cr (.%) and qnrB2 (0.3%). The quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) analysis for the PMQR-positive isolates showed that the strains with mutations at codon or in GyrA were resistant to NAL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of qnrB2, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes and high frequency (56.%; 102/181) of mutation in gyrA or parC among PMQR-positive

E

. coli strains derived from diseased animals in Taiwan.

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Based on the concept "intermediate soil wedge" which is dependent on mobilized frictional resistance, a new theory has been developed for evaluating the seismic earth pressures against retaining walls under any condition between the active and passive states. For this theory, the seismic earth pressure is separated into four components according to their formation. New equations are proposed to determine the distribution, resultant and point of application for each component. An equivalent seismic coefficient is introduced to take into account non-uniform seismic acceleration distribution with depth. The equations place special emphasis on dependence of the seismic earth pressure on mode and level of wall movement. The equations can be reduced to the Mononobe-Okabe equation for the limiting conditions. Their applicability was confirmed by comparing the predictions with a number of previous model test results.

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