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  • George W. Lee
    燃料協会誌
    1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
    発行日: 1973/03/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Grover Loening
    日本航空学会誌
    1963年 11 巻 119 号 373-380
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2009/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Joey
    B
    . Tanney, Leonard J. Hutchison
    Mycoscience
    2012年 53 巻 1 号 31-35
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

    1
    ,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

  • 小林 優, 家坂 貴子, 中野 江身子, 平山 耕一郎
    天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集
    1989年 31 巻 71/P2-1
    発行日: 1989/09/17
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Six new cembranoids sarcophytol P (3), R (4), S (
    5
    ), K (
    8
    ),
    F
    (11), and T (13) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Sarcophytol P (3) was shown to be the 20-hydroxy derivative of the major component sarcophytol A (
    1
    ), and afforded the cyclization product 6 in CHCl_3 at room temperature, in a same way as in
    1
    . Sarcophytols R (4) and S (
    5
    ) were correlated to
    1
    , by conversion of its
    7
    R,
    8
    R and
    7
    S,
    8
    S epoxide derivatives. Sarcophytol K(
    8
    ) was a 13, 14-dihydroxycembranoid having a
    1
    E
    ,3Z-diene moiety. The absolute configuration of
    8
    and its
    1
    Z,3
    E
    - and
    1
    Z,3Z-isomers sarcophytol
    B
    (2) and J (10) were determined by circular dichroism study of their bis-p-dimethylaminobenzoate derivatives. Sarcophytols
    F
    (11) and T (13) were
    1
    E
    - and
    1
    E
    ,3Z-isomers of
    1
    . Compound 11 showed characteristic broadening of the ^
    1
    H-NMR chemical shifts, due to the restricted conformational interconversion. Using the three cembranoids sarcophytols
    F
    (11,
    1
    E
    ,3
    E
    ), N (15,
    1
    Z,3Z) and T (13,
    1
    E
    ,3Z), spontaneous autoxidation-cyclization, in CHCl_3,was examined, in order to compare the stereochemical course of the reaction with that of
    1
    (
    1
    Z,3
    E
    ), which affords trans-fused bicyclo[
    9
    .3.0]tetradecene systems. The
    1
    E
    ,3Z-isomer 13 gave the same cyclization product 18, as in the reaction of
    1
    , even though it is isomeric at C-
    1
    ,3. The
    1
    Z,3Z isomer 15 gave 19, in consequence of the reversed geometry at C-3 of 15. The
    1
    E
    ,3
    E
    -isomer (11) gave the bicyclic product
    22
    , having an antipodal fusion as compared with 19. This was confirmed by PCC oxidation of 19 and
    22
    , giving enantiomeric ketones 23 and 24 respectively. The
    1
    (14)-epoxide 26 was shown to be the immediate precursor of
    22
    , and acounted for the inversion of the geometry at C-
    1
    of the cyclization product. Compound 26 is isomeric with the epoxide 17 derived from
    1
    . The epoxide 17 is the postulated precursor in the conversion of 13 to 18. It is noteworthy that the mode of antipodal fusion of the cyclopentane rings, in 18 and
    22
    , was controlled by the chirality of the epoxy rings. The C-14 hydroxyl group participates in the transannular cyclization, but was found not to be the requisite functional group for the reaction. Similar treatment of cembrene C (30), the parent hydrocarbon of
    1
    , also reacted in CHCl_3 giving the bicyclic product 32.
  • 善 功企, /, 大山 巧, TAKUMI OHYAMA
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 2 号 37-47
    発行日: 1998/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mechanism of wave-induced instability in a permeable seabed have been studied for more than two decades. The distinction between shear failure and liquefaction, however, has not been clearly defined. This paper presents a fundamental study on the differences in two failure modes for a fully saturated seabed of both finite and infinite thickness. The wave-induced effective stresses and pore pressure, obtained from an analytical solution of Biot's pore-elastic consolidation theory, were employed to examine the failure modes under a two-dimensional plane strain condition. A case study is presented to examine the failure modes with respect to several parameters, such as excess pore pressure, seepage flow, seepage force, failure areas and stress path in the seabed. The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows ; (
    1
    ) the thickness of a permeable seabed affects the pore pressure and effective stress response to ocean waves and the failure mode of the seabed, (2) either a liquefaction or shear failure, or both, occur in the seabed, even in the saturated seabed, (3) the Mohr-Coulomb's failure criterion, when combined with elastic stresses, can not be employed to estimate the liquefaction failure in the seabed, (4) the liquefaction can be evaluated by a criterion in terms of the excess pore pressure, (
    5
    ) The liquefied zone in the seabed is significantly different from the shear failure zone. The shape beneath the seabed surface for the former is almost identical to the contour where the upward seepage flow is concentrated.
  • I.
    F
    . Davies
    Journal of Light & Visual Environment
    1984年 8 巻 1 号 1_9-1_20
    発行日: 1984年
    公開日: 2011/05/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Özkan ASLANTAŞ, Ebru Şebnem YILMAZ
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
    2017年 79 巻 6 号 1024-1030
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/06/16
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/04/27
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

    E
    . coli isolates were detected in 95 (
    22
    .2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-
    1b
    (42), blaCMY-2 (
    22
    ), blaCTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-
    1
    (15), blaOXA-
    1
    (
    9
    ) and blaSHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group
    A1
    (35.
    8
    %), followed by group D2 (
    22
    .
    1
    %),
    B
    1
    (15.
    8
    %),
    D1
    (
    9
    .
    5
    %), A0 (
    7
    .4%),
    B22
    (
    5
    .3%) and
    B23
    (4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr,
    qnrS1
    and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.
    5
    and
    1
    .
    1
    % of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.
    8
    % for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,
    f17a
    -A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing
    E
    . coli
    clone O25
    b
    :ST131/
    B
    2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing
    E
    . coli
    isolates among dogs in Turkey.

  • 渡辺 秀司
    素粒子論研究
    1986年 73 巻 4 号 D22-D23
    発行日: 1986/07/20
    公開日: 2017/10/02
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 井合 進, 森田 年一, 亀岡 知弘, 松永 康男, 安彦 和之
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1995年 35 巻 1 号 115-131
    発行日: 1995/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the 1993 Kushiro-oki Earthquake of Richter magnitude
    7
    .
    8
    , simultaneous recording of earthquake motions was successfully made at the ground surface and at a depth of 77 meters in a dense saturated sand deposit. The peak horizontal acceleration was 0.47 g on the ground surface and 0.21 g at a depth of 77 meters. The acceleration record at the ground surface showed a distinctive ground response, which consisted of a cyclic motion having a period of about
    1
    .
    5
    seconds overlain by a spike at each peak of the motion. In order to study the mechanism of this peculiar ground response, effective stress analysis was conducted on the dense saturated sand deposit. The model used for this study was a strain space multiple mechanism model, which takes into account the effect of principal stress axis rotation. The recorded earthquake motion at a depth of 77 meters was used as the input earthquake motion for the analysis. Sampling after in-situ freezing was done in order to evaluate the properties of the sand. The results of the analysis indicated that the observed ground response was due to the effect of dilatancy of sand, which plays a significant role in the response of the dense saturated sand deposits during strong earthquake motions.
  • 黒川 美貴雄, 吉田 耕治, 永井 保嵩, 宇野 準
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1983年 31 巻 12 号 4312-4318
    発行日: 1983/12/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, 6, 6a,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] oxepins (3a and 3
    b
    ), and -thiepins (4a and 4
    b
    ) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4
    b
    were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10
    b
    ). Deuterated 4a and 4
    b
    (11a and 11
    b
    ) were prepared starting from butadiene-d6 (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3
    b
    (cis), 4a (trans) and 4
    b
    (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10
    b
    , 11a and 11
    b
    on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.
  • / 鵜飼 恵三, KEIZO UGAI
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 3 号 201-207
    発行日: 1998/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A comparative study of the static and dynamic response of a slope is carried out, using the large deformation theory of the updated Lagrangian formulation and the conventional infinitesimal theory. In the static analysis, a strength reduction method proposed by one of the authors is used to evaluate the safety factor of the slope. It is found that by the large deformation theory, the safety factor is larger than that calculated by the infinitesimal theory, and this difference becomes large along with the reduction of elastic modulus. In the dynamic analysis, it is observed that the large deformation theory gives smaller sliding displacement and larger response acceleration than the infinitesimal approach. It is concluded that in many cases the large deformation approach gives more adequate solutions.
  • 藤原 東雄, 上 俊二
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1990年 30 巻 1 号 76-86
    発行日: 1990/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The behavior of the soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading is different from that subjected to sustained loading. The difference in settlement between these two loading patterns should be due to secondary compression over a long period of time. Consequently, soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading tend to be more compressible than those subjected to sustained loading. Therefore, it is necessary for engineers to predict post-construction settlements under repeated loading. In this respect, the preloading is considered to be promising as a countermeasure to reduce the settlement of clay under repeated loading as well as under sustained loading. The effect of preloading on post-construction consolidation settlement of soft clay subjected to repeated loading after removal of a part of preload is investigated in the present paper. It has become clear that the settlement of a clay sample after preconsolidation is mainly affected by the amount of preload, the degree of consolidation due to the preload, the amount of permanent load and the amount of repeated load after removal of preload. The calculated settlement versus time relations using a method to estimate the amount of consolidation settlement of soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading after removal of preloading were compared with the observed degree of consolidation as parameters of the intensities of preload and repeated load.
  • Takaaki ISHIZUKA, Yasunori YAOITA, Masao KIKUCHI
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1997年 45 巻 11 号 1756-1760
    発行日: 1997/11/15
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Four new sterols,
    , 6α-epoxy-(
    22
    E
    , 24R)-ergosta-
    8
    (14),
    22
    -diene-3β,
    -diol (
    1
    ), (
    22
    E
    , 24R)-ergosta-
    8
    ,
    22
    -diene-3β,
    , 6β,
    -tetrol (2), (
    22
    E
    , 24R)-ergosta-
    7
    ,
    9
    (11),
    22
    -triene-3β,
    , 6β-triol (3) and 3β,
    , 6β-trihydroxy-(
    22
    E
    , 24R)-ergost-
    22
    -en-
    7
    -one (4), have been isolated from the fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa (FR.) S.
    F
    . GRAY (Polyporaceae)together with fourteen known ones (
    5
    -18), of which two (
    5
    and 6) are reported for the first time from a natural source. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data.
  • 香山 滉一郎, 森下 政夫, 張 国鋒
    粉体および粉末冶金
    2006年 53 巻 5 号 419-429
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/12/19
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo-
    B
    and Ni-W-
    B
    ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol%
    B
    were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
    E1
    :L (1365K, 71.
    5
    mol%Ni-6.0mol%Mo-
    22
    .
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E2
    :L (1355K, 62.
    5
    mol%Ni-2.
    5
    mol%Mo-30.
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni3B
    +
    Ni2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E3
    :L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    P1
    :L (1812K, 34.
    9
    mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-
    22
    .
    8
    mol%
    B
    )+MoB=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P2:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%
    B
    )+Mo=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P3:L (1812K, 53.
    5
    mol%Ni-33.
    7
    mol%Mo-12.
    8
    mol%
    B
    )+Mo=NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    E1
    :L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.4mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+W+
    NiW2B2

    E2
    :L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-
    7
    .0mol%W-
    22
    .0mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    E3
    :L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.
    8
    mol%W-29.
    8
    mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni2B
    +
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P1
    :L (2115K, 23.
    8
    mol%Ni-43.
    1
    mol%W-33.
    1
    mol%
    B
    )+WB=
    W2B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P2:L (1657K, 48.
    9
    mol%Ni-33.
    1
    mol%W-18.0mol%
    B
    )+
    W2B
    =W+
    NiW2B2

    The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.
  • 金谷 守, 河井 正, 栃木 均
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2001年 41 巻 6 号 79-96
    発行日: 2001/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, centrifuge shaking table tests were conducted in order to understand the performance of seawalls during a seismic event. The model tests showed that the displacement of the caisson was much affected by the seaward shear deformation of the sand seabed beneath it during shaking. It was also confirmed that an armored embankment played an important role in the displacement of the caisson during shaking. Based on these test results, a two-dimensional DEM-FEM coupled analysis method was newly developed to numerically predict the deformation of seawalls covered with armored embankments during earthquakes. The movements of the armor units were calculated by DE analysis and deformations of the caisson, rubble mound, sand seabed and backfill were calculated by FE analysis considering the non-linearity of the soil materials based on the effective stress. Dynamic interaction was taken into account by delivering the nodal displacements of the finite elements or the nodal forces converted from the contact forces through the imaginary distinct elements defined at the boundaries between the DE and FE domain. The applicability of this method to the prediction of the deformation of seawalls was verified through numerical simulations of the centrifuge model test.
  • 本城 勇介, 岩本 悟志, 杉本 三千雄, 鬼丸 貞友, 吉澤 睦博
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 1 号 131-143
    発行日: 1998/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Seismic records obtained from a seismometer array located in downtown Tokyo Japan for about ten years were inversely analyzed to estimate the dynamic soil parameters. Due to the illposed nature of the problem, the simple and often used "least square method" does not properly estimate the parameters. The Extended Bayesian Method combined with the Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion was introduced to overcome this difficulty. The results obtained were compared with dynamic triaxial test results obtained at the time of the seismometer installation. The shear moduli agree quite well with the estimated results, however the damping ratios estimated are slightly higher than the ones obtained in the laboratory.
  • 関口 秀雄, 大槇 正紀
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 3 号 144-155
    発行日: 1992/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper concerns the stability against overturning of the caissons on rubble mound subjected to wave loading. A theoretical discussion is first made of the stability of a leaning caisson during wave loading, as a single degree-of-freedom system. The expression for the lower bound of driving moments sufficient to overturn a given caisson is derived. A review is then made of the damages induced to a composite breakwater, which consisted of two adjoining Stretches
    B
    and C with slightly different sizes of caissons. Attention is called for the observation that most of the caissons in Stretch
    B
    were overturned, whereas no caissons in Stretch C were brought into overturning. This fact is examined in detail in the light of the theory of overturning, making it possible to estimate the destructive wave heights that are compatible with the observed patterns of damage in Stretches
    B
    and C of the composite breakwater.
  • 松本 樹典, 武井 正孝
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1991年 31 巻 2 号 14-34
    発行日: 1991/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Stress wave theory is applied to open-ended pipe piles to clarify the effects of soil plug on the behaviour of piles during driving and static loading. Measured field data and various numerical models are reviewed ; methods are presented to calculate wave propagation in both the pile and the soil plug ; modelling is presented which takes into account the interaction between the soil plug and the pile ; also presented is simplified method to estimate the loadsettlement relation of the pipe pile in static loading. By correlating observed and calculated values in two analytical cases, the authors demonstrate that incorporation of the soil plug (modelled as a series of masses and springs) is required to correctly predict pile behaviour during driving and static loading.
  • Cbesseredes HORTS
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
    発行日: 1982/12/15
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
  • M. L. GHOSH
    Journal of Physics of the Earth
    1972年 20 巻 2 号 165-186
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2009/04/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.
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