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  • Joey
    B
    . Tanney, Leonard J. Hutchison
    Mycoscience
    2012年 53 巻 1 号 31-35
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

  • 黒川 美貴雄, 吉田 耕治, 永井 保嵩, 宇野 準
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1983年 31 巻 12 号 4312-4318
    発行日: 1983/12/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems,
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [
    b
    ,
    e
    ] oxepins (
    3
    a and
    3
    b
    ), and -thiepins (
    4
    a and
    4
    b
    ) were synthesized. Compounds
    4
    a and
    4
    b
    were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10
    b
    ). Deuterated
    4
    a and
    4
    b
    (11a and 11
    b
    ) were prepared starting from butadiene-
    d6
    (12). The stereochemical features of
    3
    a (trans),
    3
    b
    (cis),
    4
    a (trans) and
    4
    b
    (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10
    b
    , 11a and 11
    b
    on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.
  • 黒川 美貴雄, 糸川 彰, 松本 純一, 福本 吉久, 月原 冨武
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1992年 40 巻 9 号 2270-2274
    発行日: 1992/09/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    11-Amino-
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[
    b
    ,
    e
    ]thiepines (
    6
    a-d) and -oxepines (
    7
    a-d) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of
    6
    ,
    6
    a,
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[
    b
    ,
    e
    ]thiepines (1a,
    b
    )and -oxepines (2a,
    b
    ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products
    4
    a-d and
    5
    a-d, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H)
    6
    a and
    7
    a, cis(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H)
    6
    b
    and
    7
    b
    , trans(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)
    6
    c and
    7
    c, and trans(
    6
    a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H)
    6
    d and
    7
    d, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.
  • 香山 滉一郎, 森下 政夫, 張 国鋒
    粉体および粉末冶金
    2006年 53 巻 5 号 419-429
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/12/19
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo-
    B
    and Ni-W-
    B
    ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol%
    B
    were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
    E1
    :L (1365K, 71.
    5
    mol%Ni-
    6
    .0mol%Mo-
    22
    .
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E2
    :L (1355K, 62.
    5
    mol%Ni-2.
    5
    mol%Mo-30.
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni3B
    +
    Ni2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E3
    :L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.
    6
    mol%Mo-10.
    3
    mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    P1:L (1812K, 34.
    9
    mol%Ni-42.
    3
    mol%Mo-
    22
    .
    8
    mol%
    B
    )+MoB=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P2:L (1633K, 42.
    3
    mol%Ni-40.
    4
    mol%Mo-17.
    3
    mol%
    B
    )+Mo=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P3
    :L (1812K, 53.
    5
    mol%Ni-33.
    7
    mol%Mo-12.
    8
    mol%
    B
    )+Mo=NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    E1
    :L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.
    6
    mol%W-17.
    4
    mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+W+
    NiW2B2

    E2
    :L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-
    7
    .0mol%W-
    22
    .0mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    E3
    :L (1291K, 65.
    4
    mol%Ni-
    4
    .
    8
    mol%W-29.
    8
    mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni2B
    +
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P1:L (2115K, 23.
    8
    mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%
    B
    )+WB=
    W2B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P2:L (1657K, 48.
    9
    mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%
    B
    )+
    W2B
    =W+
    NiW2B2

    The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.
  • 松本 樹典, 武井 正孝
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1991年 31 巻 2 号 14-34
    発行日: 1991/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Stress wave theory is applied to open-ended pipe piles to clarify the effects of soil plug on the behaviour of piles during driving and static loading. Measured field data and various numerical models are reviewed ; methods are presented to calculate wave propagation in both the pile and the soil plug ; modelling is presented which takes into account the interaction between the soil plug and the pile ; also presented is simplified method to estimate the loadsettlement relation of the pipe pile in static loading. By correlating observed and calculated values in two analytical cases, the authors demonstrate that incorporation of the soil plug (modelled as a series of masses and springs) is required to correctly predict pile behaviour during driving and static loading.
  • M. L. GHOSH
    Journal of Physics of the Earth
    1972年 20 巻 2 号 165-186
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2009/04/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.
  • 鍛治 健司, 葛谷 昌之 /, RAYMONDN. CASTLE
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1970年 18 巻 1 号 147-156
    発行日: 1970/01/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    2-Benzyl-
    4
    -chloro-
    5
    -mercapto-
    3
    (2H)-pyridazinone (1) was heated in ethanol under reflux for 10 hours to form concurrently 2,
    7
    -dibenzyldipyridazo [
    4
    ,
    5
    -
    b
    :
    4
    ',
    5
    '-
    e
    ]-1,
    4
    -dithiin-1,
    6
    (2H,
    7
    H)-dione (Ia) (57% in yield) and 2,
    8
    -dibenzyldipyridazo [
    4
    ,
    5
    -
    b
    :
    4
    ',
    5
    '-
    e
    ]-1,
    4
    -dithiin-1,
    9
    (2H,
    8
    H)-dione (IIa) (14% in yield). Assignment of the two products to the corresponding structures is established by their physico-chemical constants and chemical behaviors. The concurrent formation of the dipyridazo [
    4
    ,
    5
    -
    b
    :
    4
    ',
    5
    '-
    e
    ]-1,
    4
    -dithiin-1,
    6
    (2H,
    7
    H)-dione and the -1,
    9
    (2H,
    8
    H)-dione were observed in, not only heating
    4
    -chloro-
    5
    -mercapto-
    3
    (2H)-pyridazinones (1-
    3
    ) in polar solvent, but warming
    4
    -mercapto-
    5
    -chloro-
    3
    (2H)-pyridazinones (
    4
    -
    6
    ) in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF. For the interpretation of the reaction, keto-thioketo carbenes as active intermediate species and a reversible interconversion among them are suggested on the basis of the fact that there was nonexistence of an equilibrium between the two compounds, such as Ia and IIa, under the reaction condition and a trapping keto-thioketo carbene species as 2-phenylimino-
    5
    -benzylpyridazo [
    4
    ,
    5
    -d]-1,
    3
    -dithiol-
    4
    (
    5
    H)-one (IVa) (14% in yield) along with the major products, (Ia) and (IIa), was furnished by warming 1 with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of triethylamine in dry benzene. On the contrary, participation of a reversible interconversion between Ia and IIa, to a considerable extent, with the concurrent formation of them in the case of benzylation of either Ib or IIb, by warming with benzylchloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF at 80°, might not be neglected, because an attempted approach to an equilibrium between Ia and IIa in a similar reaction condition except the use of benzylchloride realized, whereas non-existence of an equilibrium between Ib and IIb in the similar reaction condition was observed.
  • 高津戸 秀, 池川 信夫
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1984年 32 巻 5 号 2001-2004
    発行日: 1984/05/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Brassinolide analogues, (
    22
    R, 23R, 24R)-2α,
    ,
    22
    , 23-tetrahydroxy-
    B
    -homo-
    7
    -oxa-
    -ergostan-
    6
    -one (24-epibrassinolide) (10) and (
    22
    S, 23S, 24R)-2α,
    ,
    22
    , 23-tetrahydroxy-
    B
    -homo-
    7
    -oxa-
    -ergostan-
    6
    -one (
    9
    ), were synthesized from brassicasterol (
    3
    a) in five steps and with ca. 20% overall yield. The key steps are the direct formation of (
    22
    E
    , 24R)-
    ,
    5
    -cyclo-
    -ergost-
    22
    -en-
    6
    -one (
    4
    ) from brassicasterol mesylate (
    3
    b
    ), the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of
    4
    to (
    22
    E
    , 24R)-
    -ergosta-2,
    22
    -dien-
    6
    -one (
    6
    ), and the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the tetrahydroxy
    -ergostan-
    6
    -ones
    7
    and
    8
    .
  • 板倉 智敏, 五藤 精知, 藤原 義昭
    日本獸醫學雜誌(The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science)
    1973年 35 巻 4 号 289-297_5
    発行日: 1973/08/25
    公開日: 2008/02/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    All the birds examined were also associated with bone dysplasia (art alczaormal develop-ment of bone tissue) in the diaphyseal cortex of the leg bones, especially of bones affectedwith dyschondroplasia. This result is very significant in order to clarifyz tlais disease entity.1970:J14, k -1 }
    7
    )
    7
    , M77 ) i? ht /, ( K )
    7
    (C # L"C, MB @ (
    7
    ) t, If!TB& U "C, Jff Dyschondroplasia (1*t%
    7
    fi!dW) ().g:#f[!:.fLlt! K?
    3
    o, [1: (
    7
    )M;tC, rff.?U/:cD
    8
    ,
    bb
    =1lC#li
    6
    *H(DX15RI!!D& t, r, ccl)Efff
    7
    flr.#.??t"ut:2.?T<
    3
    .1.?l?F?/?t:>"A??1!? >
    E
    >?TMOll?, lI]%G (f-srRM) -ts;
    5
    ;
    e
    .*BI) *M[t fL 54
    5
    t:.;*.{1*I[l?(), t@Yllll*fJ?H@(
    7
    ) %?Jfipj@ (Dyschondroplasia) p, }, (, 1lTi{-X, WIKIM itt{
    b
    =
    b
    t D"tl%tff{tO 1111IH(-UP!z
    8
    U-ii) >ES- -)%Wi*fd?1J*[lEj: >11"i
    6
    ifI".*"H*Tl*&Z") #)/2?-"k l
    E
    B
    - vich ) J&it(Vh
    3
    iO"= >If-ffi"!1lYl*I
    4
    ")Ji/l![40111!>D
    9
    *F!)<Y14M)?A"!>CL(Il], k
    7
    .Cl
    8
    T"ltTt*flB1? & $
    4
    U [-" C U" L % w, Zl1*.IlBl tI1J, FA(y L-x") LVfAK t: >
    3
    llltPJ
    4
    IiI " } ) t- ! Al j: >kP11liR
    6
    , &ffl(C
    5
    NWi Z
    3
    lk(C#L" Ct ?f!
    4
    M2"C- fL#, -()%
    E
    .IWMd1.XI1*I1EPW(tit ff1lR)
  • A.M. BRITTO, C. SAVVIDOU, M.J. GUNN, J.R. BOOKER
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 1 号 13-25
    発行日: 1992/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.
  • 善 功企, /, 大山 巧, TAKUMI OHYAMA
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 2 号 37-47
    発行日: 1998/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mechanism of wave-induced instability in a permeable seabed have been studied for more than two decades. The distinction between shear failure and liquefaction, however, has not been clearly defined. This paper presents a fundamental study on the differences in two failure modes for a fully saturated seabed of both finite and infinite thickness. The wave-induced effective stresses and pore pressure, obtained from an analytical solution of Biot's pore-elastic consolidation theory, were employed to examine the failure modes under a two-dimensional plane strain condition. A case study is presented to examine the failure modes with respect to several parameters, such as excess pore pressure, seepage flow, seepage force, failure areas and stress path in the seabed. The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows ; (1) the thickness of a permeable seabed affects the pore pressure and effective stress response to ocean waves and the failure mode of the seabed, (2) either a liquefaction or shear failure, or both, occur in the seabed, even in the saturated seabed, (
    3
    ) the Mohr-Coulomb's failure criterion, when combined with elastic stresses, can not be employed to estimate the liquefaction failure in the seabed, (
    4
    ) the liquefaction can be evaluated by a criterion in terms of the excess pore pressure, (
    5
    ) The liquefied zone in the seabed is significantly different from the shear failure zone. The shape beneath the seabed surface for the former is almost identical to the contour where the upward seepage flow is concentrated.
  • Özkan ASLANTAŞ, Ebru Şebnem YILMAZ
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
    2017年 79 巻 6 号 1024-1030
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/06/16
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/04/27
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

    E
    . coli isolates were detected in 95 (
    22
    .2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-
    1b
    (42), blaCMY-2 (
    22
    ), blaCTX-M-
    3
    (16), blaCTX-M-1 (15), blaOXA-1 (
    9
    ) and blaSHV-12 (
    3
    ) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A1 (35.
    8
    %), followed by group D2 (
    22
    .1%),
    B
    1 (15.
    8
    %), D1 (
    9
    .
    5
    %), A0 (
    7
    .
    4
    %),
    B22
    (
    5
    .
    3
    %) and
    B23
    (
    4
    .2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(
    6
    ’)-Ib-cr, qnr
    S1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.
    3
    , 10.
    5
    and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.
    8
    % for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing
    E
    . coli
    clone O25
    b
    :ST131/
    B
    2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing
    E
    . coli
    isolates among dogs in Turkey.

  • 井原 正隆, 千尋 正利, 福本 圭一郎, 亀谷 哲治
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1984年 32 巻 1 号 373-376
    発行日: 1984/01/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Stereoselective synthesis of the
    4
    ,
    5
    -syn,
    5
    ,
    6
    -anti adducts (14 and 16) on the aldol condensation of the Z (O)-lithium enolate, derived from the
    E
    -enone (2), to α-alkoxy aldehydes (12 and 13) was proved via the successive intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction.
  • 増大する資源
    E
    . F. Boswell
    紙パ技協誌
    1998年 52 巻 7 号 885-889
    発行日: 1998/07/01
    公開日: 2009/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The world is in the midst of a huge fundamental shift in fibre supply, demand balances, and policy changes. Governments around the world are introducing policy changes which influence the supply demand balance as the politicians' thoughts are uttered. Government agencies and their bureaucrats are imposing changes on industry even before the legislation is passed by the government in question.
    This ad hoc change process will continue for a time to come until the countries in question show a tough-mindedness with regard to their land use policies. Policies affecting forest areas such as protection areas, Native land claims, the protection of biodiversity and a true goal of sustainable development ; which addresses the combined issues of cultural, environmental, social and economic matters.
    Eventually all of these difficult issues will reach essential closure. Then there will be great new opportunities for investment to meet the growing demand for forest products ; leading to a strengthening competitive position in the more traditional producing areas such as Canada.
  • 國生 剛治
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 5 号 99-111
    発行日: 2000/10/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In view of the significant role of the water film effect in flow failure for a liquefied sandy deposit, the mechanism of water film generation is numerically studied based on a 1-dimensional model test. The process of water film growth and decay can be simulated to a certain extent by a simple consolidation analysis, which indicates that only a small difference in permeability in layered sand is enough for a water film to develop. A 1 G shaking table test for a two-dimensional slope model with an arc of silt within a saturated sand is then addressed to discuss the dilatancy effect exerted in sheared sand during flow failure. It is possible that, once the water film is formed, the transmission of shear stress through it is interrupted, leaving the sand below free from the dilatancy ; this eventually allows the water film to stay without being absorbed during flow failure. The result of another shaking table test for a trapezoidal slope with horizontal silt seams indicate that water films beneath the seams enable the soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films very gently inclined even after shaking. If a silt seam breaks due to excessive pressure in the water film, it triggers re-liquefaction in the upper sand and leads to further instability.
  • Keishi Hata, Fuyuki Sugawara, Naganori Ohisa, Saori Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hori
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2002年 25 巻 8 号 1040-1044
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2002/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS),
    8
    boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (
    22E
    ,24R)-ergosta-
    7
    ,
    22
    -diene-
    ,
    ,
    -triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (
    3
    ), cholesta-
    ,
    ,
    -triol (
    4
    ),
    7
    -dehydrocholesterol (
    5
    ) and cholecalciferol (
    6
    ) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells were increased
    3
    .0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.
    4
    -fold by 10 μM
    4
    . However, 2,
    3
    ,
    5
    and
    6
    did not induce MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-
    5
    and/or C-
    6
    of 1 and
    4
    played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC
    3
    T
    3
    -
    E
    1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.
  • 井合 進, 森田 年一, 亀岡 知弘, 松永 康男, 安彦 和之
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1995年 35 巻 1 号 115-131
    発行日: 1995/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the 1993 Kushiro-oki Earthquake of Richter magnitude
    7
    .
    8
    , simultaneous recording of earthquake motions was successfully made at the ground surface and at a depth of 77 meters in a dense saturated sand deposit. The peak horizontal acceleration was 0.47 g on the ground surface and 0.21 g at a depth of 77 meters. The acceleration record at the ground surface showed a distinctive ground response, which consisted of a cyclic motion having a period of about 1.
    5
    seconds overlain by a spike at each peak of the motion. In order to study the mechanism of this peculiar ground response, effective stress analysis was conducted on the dense saturated sand deposit. The model used for this study was a strain space multiple mechanism model, which takes into account the effect of principal stress axis rotation. The recorded earthquake motion at a depth of 77 meters was used as the input earthquake motion for the analysis. Sampling after in-situ freezing was done in order to evaluate the properties of the sand. The results of the analysis indicated that the observed ground response was due to the effect of dilatancy of sand, which plays a significant role in the response of the dense saturated sand deposits during strong earthquake motions.
  • OSAMU MATSUO
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 Special 号 235-240
    発行日: 1996年
    公開日: 2012/08/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Among the rivers damaged by the earthquake, two most severely damaged along the Yodo-gawa River are described. In the left levee, the settlement exceeded 2 m for a length of 1.
    4
    km, with a maximum settlement of
    3
    m. Sand boils were observed extensively on the ground surface near the damaged dikes. Holocene sandy soil with an SPT N-value of 10 or less existed in the upper part of the subsoil profile. These facts indicate that liquefaction of the soil was the major cause of the embankment damage. The cyclic stress ratio required to cause liquefaction was 0.30 as determined from cyclic triaxial tests on undisturbed samples.
  • 澁谷 啓, 田中 洋行
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 4 号 45-55
    発行日: 1996/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    An empirical equation in use for estimating the pseudo-elastic shear modulus, Gf, of subsoil, associated with shear strains less than 0.001% is proposed in this paper. In a series of in-situ seismic cone tests performed nationwide, the profiles of both Gf and the in-situ void ratio,
    e0
    , with depth were successfully characterised at five sites, each comprising a soft clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. The database which comprised the original data from the field and laboratory tests, coupled with similar information on well-documented Holocene clay deposits in Europe, was statistically analyzed in attempts to determine a generalised relationship with which Gf of soft clay may be reasonably estimated only from routinely available borehole data; that is
    e0
    and the current geostatic effective overburden pressure, σ'v. An empirical relationship, Gf=
    5
    , 000
    e0
    -
    1.5
    √(σ'v) (kPa), was derived from the statistical analysis applied to data from seven different clays worldwide, for which
    e0
    extended over a range between 1 and
    5
    , and the overconsolidation ratio ranged roughly between 1 and 2. The applicability of the proposed relationship was evaluated for two case records, each in which the clay exhibited unusual behavior; i.
    e
    ., the undrained shear strength remained more or less constant with depth due to the existence of artesian pressure at one site, and, at the other, Gf decreased, whereas
    e0
    increased, with depth. It was demonstrated that even in these clay deposits exhibiting exceptional profiles, the proposed relationship was capable of predicting Gf with a reasonable accuracy by determining the profiles of
    e0
    and σ'v with depth. In addition, the prediction when compared to Gmax from carefully performed laboratory cyclic tests, yielded a better estimate of Gf from the in-situ seismic survey. Despite the fact that the empirical relationship was initially designated to estimate Gf of soft clays, it may be equally applicable to sandy deposits. This was verified by comparing it to similar, and well-established, relationships developed for sands. A case record as such is also described for a loose sand deposit at Higashi-Ohgishima in Tokyo Bay which was placed in 1960's by land reclamation.
  • 小林 優, 神田 扶由子, S. M. D. Kumar, Ch. V. Lakshmana Rao, D. Srinivasa Rao, D. Venkata Rao, C. Bheemasankara Rao
    天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集
    1990年 32 巻 20
    発行日: 1990/09/25
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Melithasterols A-D (1-
    4
    ), isolated from a gorgoinan coral Melithaea ocracea of Okinawa, were shown to be cholestane-, 24-methyl-
    22
    -dehydrocholestane-,
    22
    -dehydrocholestane-, and 24-methylenecholestane-derivatives. respectively, having a common
    3
    β,
    7
    α -dihydroxy-
    5
    α,
    6
    α-epoxy-Δ^
    8
    steroid nucleus. This was confirmed by direct comparison with the authentic sample prepared by lead tetra-acetate oxydation of cholest-
    6
    -ene-
    3
    β,
    5
    α,
    8
    α-triol
    3
    -monoacetate. Twelve new polyhydroxysterols were isolated from an Alcyonium sp. (
    7
    ,
    8
    ,
    9
    ), and Sclerophytum sp. (14,16,19
    b
    ,20,21,
    22
    a,23,26,28) soft corals collected off the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean. All the Sclerophytum sp. soft corals contained 17a or its 25-deacetyl derivative. Compounds
    7
    to
    9
    were identified as 24-methylenecholest-
    5
    -ene-
    3
    β, 16β-diol-
    3
    -0-α-L fucoside (
    7
    ) and its
    7
    β-(
    8
    ) and
    7
    α-hydroxy (
    9
    ) derivatives. Compound 14 was shown to be 24S-24-methylcholest-
    5
    -ene-
    3
    β,25ξ,26-triol and was correlated to the known compound 15 by
    5
    α,
    6
    β-glycolation. Compound 16 was shown to be
    5
    β,
    6
    α-isomer of 17
    b
    , correlating to 17
    b
    by PCC oxidation followed by dehydration. Compound 19
    b
    was identified with 25-deacetyl derivative of the known compound lobosterol (19a) by hydrolysis of authentic lobosterol. Compounds 20 and 21 were shown to be
    7
    -dehydro-(20) and
    22
    E
    -dehydro-(21) derivative of 17a and 17
    b
    , respectively, by comparisons of their spectral data with reference compounds. Compounds
    22
    a and 23 were 24S-methylcholestane-
    3
    β,
    5
    α 25-triol-
    6
    -one 25-monoacetate (
    22
    a) and its 25-deacetoxyl derivative (23). Partial PCC oxidation of 17a afforded
    22
    a. Compounds 26 (andamansterol) and 28 (nicobarsterol) were shown to be gorgost-
    5
    -ene-
    3
    β,
    9
    α. 11α, 21-tetrol and novel secosteroid, 11,21-cyclo-
    B
    -homo-11-oxa-
    9
    , 11-secoergostane-
    3
    β,
    6
    α, 12ξ-triol-
    9
    -one, respectively, by spectral analyses (H-HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC).
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