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  • FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, MARIE-LOUISE CAPMAU, ERÉDÉRIC TANGY, ELIANE CAMINADE
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1980年 33 巻 8 号 895-899
    発行日: 1980年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    (3H) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity binding site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin.
  • LIVIO SIROVICH
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 4 号 23-34
    発行日: 1996/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA2 programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.
  • FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, FRÉDÉRIC TANGY, BERNARD MOREAU
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1979年 32 巻 12 号 1288-1292
    発行日: 1979年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    A sample of [3H] tobrarnycin (5, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
    the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
    two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
    protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
    tiirough of the messenger RNA.
  • S. SICSIC, J. F. LE BIGOT,
    C
    . VINCENT,
    C
    . CERCEAU, F. LE GOFFIC
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1982年 35 巻 5 号 574-579
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    The activities of tobramycin derivatives acetylated and ethylated on the
    6
    '-N, 2'-N and 3-N positions were examined. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin sensitive strains indicated that 2'-N-ethylated and
    6
    '-N-ethylated derivatives have a fairly good activity, and confirmed that the 3-N position is the most important one for antibiotic activity since 3-N derivatives were less active. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin resistant strains, and their inactivation by tobramycin modifying enzymes were examined. These results showed that 2'-N or
    6
    '-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(2') or AAC(
    6
    '), respectively, and 2'-N-ethyltobramycin and
    6
    '-N-ethyltobramycin were active against strains containing these modifying enzymes. On the other hand, 3-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(3) but 3-N-ethyl tobramycin does not inhibit strains containing this enzyme.
  • 尾形 強, 佐藤 治代, 吉田 弘, 猪川 三郎
    日本化学会誌(化学と工業化学)
    1974年 1974 巻 2 号 382-385
    発行日: 1974/02/10
    公開日: 2011/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Beckmann rearrangement of aliphatic ketone oximes, R(CHs)
    C
    =NOH (R=Et (1); n-Pr (2); iso-Pr (3); iso-Bu (
    4
    )), with polyphosphoric acid (PPA), polyphosphate ester (PPE), and ester of phosphoric acid (2 P-5 R) was carried out and migratory ratios ((a)/(
    b
    ) in eq. (1)) were determined, The results are shown in Fig.1, 2, and 3, respectively.
    In Fig.1 and 2, the migratory ratios decrease with reaction time and nearly approach to the ratios of anti-alkyl form/syn-alkylform in benzene(A1) or DMSO(A2)except for (3) (See Table 1). From this fact, it has been found that PPA and PPE are inactive for isomerization of the oximes andanti-alkyl oximes rearrange faster than syn-alkyl ones. ln the case of (3), migratery ratios are smaller than Ai or A2. As acetonitrile is detected by GLC, it is presumed that fission has been occurred simultaneously with rearrangement in anti-alkyl oxime (eq. (3)). In the case of 2 P-5 R, all modes of the reaction arethe same as in above, except that the rate of fission is tnuch faster than that in PPA and PPE.
    The reaction of anti-alkyl ketone oximes having a bulky grouphas been greatly influenced by the use of sterically demanding catalysts such asPPA, PPE, and 2 P-5 R.
  • 東坂 諒哉, 城 克己, 林 侑加子, 津村 ゆかり
    日本法科学技術学会誌
    2023年 28 巻 2 号 197-203
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/07/31
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/04/20
    ジャーナル フリー

     The stability of

    Δ9
    ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc) and
    Δ8
    ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc) in
    e
    -liquid during storage was investigated.
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc liquids in cartridges were stored at
    80
    ℃ or 30℃ for 28 days. The relative concentrations of cannabinoids in the liquids were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc decreased during storage at either temperature.
    Δ9
    ‒THC, a minor impurity, also decreased.
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc liquid in a cartridge was stored at
    80
    ℃ for 57 days. The concentration of
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc and
    Δ8
    ‒THC, a minor impurity, did not change during that time. Cannabinol acetate increased in all liquids, and unknown products were also detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc and
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc liquids were subjected to GC/MS to detect representative diluents, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, but none of these were detected.

  • 辻川 健治, 川上 貴大, 荒木 渉, 佐藤 高広, 伊藤 さよ, 和泉 要, 保戸田 滉樹, 岩田 祐子
    日本法科学技術学会誌
    2023年 28 巻 2 号 145-157
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/07/31
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/04/20
    ジャーナル フリー

     We examined the stability of

    Δ9
    -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc) and
    Δ8
    -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc) in
    e
    -liquid products. Eight samples were heated at 30℃ for 28 days and one of them was heated at 70℃ for 2,
    4
    ,
    8
    , 10, and 15 days. Residual ratios of
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc and
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ion detection and their degradation products were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Some samples were tested for solubility in hexane and were submitted to GC/MS analysis to detect propylene glycol and glycerol. After a 28-day incubation at 30℃,
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc was slightly decomposed (residual ratio: 84.5–94.2%) but
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc was almost stable (residual ratio: 95.2–108.
    9
    %). Heating at 70℃ decomposed not only
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc but also
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc. The decomposition proceeded rapidly in the initial 2 days then slowly until 15 days later. The degradation products, four putative one-oxygen-atom adducts and cannabinol, were detected but deacetylated products (
    Δ9
    -tetrahydrocannabinol and
    Δ8
    -tetrahydrocannabinol) were not detected. All the samples tested were completely dissolved in hexane differently from propylene glycol and glycerol. Propylene glycol and glycerol were not detected from the samples completely dissolved in hexane. This study indicated that deacetylation of
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc and
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc did not proceed when the sample did not contain propylene glycol and glycerol.

  • 汪 発武, 佐々 恭二, 福岡 浩
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 1 号 35-46
    発行日: 2000/02/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    By employing an undrained cyclic loading ring-shear apparatus, a series of tests to reproduce the dynamic behavior of the Nikawa landslide induced by the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, is conducted. The test sample is Osaka-group coarse sandy soil taken from the landslide. The initial stress condition acting on a soil element in the sliding surface is applied to the sample. Based on the seismic records monitored at the JR Takarazuka Station, the input seismic wave is synthesized to reproduce the seismic stress acting on the sliding surface. The test results show that the soil failed due to the dynamic loading of the earthquake. The most important results are the excess pore water pressure generation and the acceleration of shear displacement continuing after the main shock. Combined with the grain crushing at the shear zone and the volume reduction in the drained constant-speed ring-shear test, the mechanism of this landslide is interpreted as, shear displacement causing grain crushing in the shear zone and volume reduction, and then resulting in a localized liquefaction phenomenon, "sliding-surface liquefaction". This geotechnical simulation test provides a reasonable interpretation of this highly mobile landslide.
  • 三浦 均也, 吉田 望, 金 潤相
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2001年 41 巻 2 号 1-19
    発行日: 2001/04/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Elastic wave propagation in saturated soil is investigated in order to grasp the frequency dependent wave propagation property of actual soil. First, a closed form solution of Biot's equation is derived under a one-directional wave propagation condition. Then, the frequency dependent properties of waves in various soils such as clay, silt, sand, gravel and soft rock are computed and discussed. The behavior is shown to be classified into three states : low frequency, high frequency and transient. Properties hardly change in the low and high frequency states. The degree of saturation is shown to hardly affect the shear wave property, but it greatly affects the dilatational wave property, especially in a highly saturated condition. Permeability hardly affects the properties at low and high frequency states, but it does change the frequency range of the transient state. Next, the applicability of Biot's formulation is examined and the high frequency state derived from Biot's equation is shown to be valid when permeability is larger than that of silt. Finally, it is shown that various mechanical properties can be evaluated using the frequency dependent characteristics of the wave, some of which are difficult to measure in situ with conventional tools.
  • 國生 剛治
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 4 号 95-102
    発行日: 2000/08/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Field data indicate that the P-wave velocity in sand or gravel is sometimes much lower than that of water, even if the soil is below the water table. It is well understood that a slight decrease in saturation normally evaluated by the
    B
    -value has a significant effect on undrained shear behavior like liquefaction of saturated soil. In the first part of this research, theoretical formulations of the
    B
    -value, P-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio are made by taking into account the decrease in bulk modulus of water due to a mixture of air bubbles. Then, computations are carried out using formulas based on the soil properties of a typical sand or gravelly soils and Masa soil from the Kobe area to make charts correlating the variables. These charts indicate that a small decrement in the
    B
    -value in the interval of
    B
    =1.0 to 0.
    8
    will considerably decrease the P-wave velocity. Thus, the P-wave velocity which is easily measured in the field can serve as a convenient index to quantitatively evaluate the insitu soil
    B
    -value.
  • 藤井 弘章, 国政 華菜, 難波 明代, 横溝 隆之, 西村 伸一, 島田 清, 堀 俊男, 西山 竜朗
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 6 号 117-131
    発行日: 2000/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study was performed to clarify which factors affected damage to tame-ike (small embankment dams for irrigation) in Hokudan Town as a result of the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. Factors were assumed to be : Location (
    e
    .g., Distance to Epicenter, etc.), Structure (
    e
    .g., Angle to Nearest Fault, Embankment Volume, etc.), Soil Properties of Embankment, Geology of Dam Site and History (Era of Construction, Repaired, etc.). Multivariate statistical analyses were performed for documentary data (damaged : 181, undamaged : 328). Ordinary statistical analyses were conducted for the data investigated in situ for soil properties of the embankment. The results show that the factors causing damage to dam are : (1) Nearest Fault (Nojima, Mizukoshi and
    D
    2), (2) Distance to Nearest Fault (less than 500 m), (3) Distance to Epicenter (approximately
    8
    to 14 km, which almost agrees with the location of seismic intensity 7 JMA), (
    4
    ) Elevation of Dam Site (higher than 100 m), (5) Embankment Volume (the greater the volume the more damage was caused), (
    6
    ) Direction of Dam Axis (normal or diagonal to the epicenter or to nearest the fault), (7) Plan View of Dam Axis (3 or
    4
    axes), (
    8
    ) Surface Geology of Dam Site (non-cohesive soil type ground), (
    9
    ) Era of Construction (prior to 1891) and (10) Soil Properties of Embankment (sand, not silty sand or gravel, penetration resistance that is 10% smaller than the undamaged dams).
  • CONSTANTINE A. STAMATOPOULOS, ELENI G. VELGAKI, SARADA K. SARMA
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 6 号 61-75
    発行日: 2000/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The objective of this article is to propose and evaluate a sliding-block model to deal with very large displacements of slopes when a horizontal earthquake is applied. The slip surface consists of two inclinations on which full shear resistance is mobilized. Internal shearing exists along a sub-plane that intersects the angle between the two sub-planes that form the external slip surface. The ratio of the distance moved along the two external sub-planes depends on the inclination of the internal sub-plane. If there is a water table line, undrained conditions are assumed during motion and total stress analysis is performed. The governing equations of motion are formulated, analytical solutions are obtained for some cases, and back-analysis of four well-documented slides is performed.
  • HOE I. LING, DOV LESHCHINSKY
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1995年 35 巻 2 号 85-94
    発行日: 1995/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper is concerned with an extension of a rotational limit equilibrium method for determining the permanent displacements of slopes under seismic excitation. In the proposed procedure, the sliding mass is treated as a rigid rotating body defined by a log spiral trace. Permanent displacements are obtained by double-integration of the equation of motion in a manner similar to Newmark's translational sliding block method. The seismic slope stability analysis is based on the rotational (variational) limit equilibrium approach. This stability analysis was verified with dynamic experimental results obtained from centrifuge model testing. A series of parametric studies was conducted on"unstable"slopes, investigating the effects of soil properties and characteristics of excitation on the magnitude of permanent displacements. The higher the frictional angle, the smaller the permanent displacement of the slope is. Low excitation frequency yields larger slope displacement if the excitation is extended for the same time period of time. The effect of frequency becomes less distinct when a larger value of yield seismic coefficient is used. The proposed procedures produce a rational criterion to evaluate the seismic performance of simple slopes. This criterion is based on permanent displacement limit rather than factor of safety alone.
  • 西村 聡, 東畑 郁生, 本多 剛
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2002年 42 巻 4 号 89-98
    発行日: 2002/08/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The rate dependent nature of liquefied sand was investigated by laboratory shear tests. Since previous experience has revealed the many difficulties inherent in maintaining the state of liquefaction of a sandy specimen, new measures were attempted. The test results indicate that the measured shear stress consists of frictional and rate dependent components, and a viscosity coefficient was assessed from the latter component. The measured viscosity varies with the rate of strain as well as the magnitude of strain itself. A similar test on a dry specimen revealed less viscosity and implied that a major part of rate dependency comes from the behavior of pore liquid in the case of water-saturated sand. It was interesting, moreover, that sand with fines was of less viscosity. Finally, a numerical analysis was conducted on a real liquefaction-induced ground deformation and the results were consistent with the observation.
  • 東畑 郁生, PRASAD S.K., 本多 剛, CHANDRADHARA G.P.
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2002年 42 巻 4 号 77-88
    発行日: 2002/08/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Gujarat earthquake in India occurred in January, 2001, and caused significant damage in the province of Gujarat. The Japanese Geotechnical Society sent a small reconnaissance team to the damaged region after the quake. The present text presents the report from this activity. The major attention of the team was focused on geotechnical aspects of the damage which were related to earthfill dams and harbor land fills. It was found that a significant portion of damage was concentrated in fills resting on soft natural soils. Swedish weight soundings which were conducted at two places demonstrated the existence of such a soft subsoil. From this, it was concluded that amplification of earthquake shaking as well as the permanent deformation in the soft foundation soil induced such kinds of damage as subsidence, cracking, and lateral spreading in overlying artificial fills. For the better seismic resistance of those affected fills during future earthquakes, the improvement of soft subsoil seems essential.
  • 蒋 通, 栗林 栄一
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1988年 28 巻 1 号 56-64
    発行日: 1988/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The boundary element method expanded in frequency domains is presented to analyze the dynamic interaction between an embedded flexible rectangular foundation and soil with consideration of the obliquely incident waves. Numerical results describing the influence of the flexibility of the foundation on the dynamic responses of the foundation due to obliquely incident waves indicate that the flexibility of actual foundations can diminish the reduction of translation responses and increase the rotational responses in the high frequency range. These phenomena are more conspicuous as the embedment ratio is larger and the value of the wave velocity ratio of the soil and the foundation approaches to unity. When the high frequency components of the input ground motion are important and the basement has higher flexibility (for example 2vs/1vs >0.
    4
    ), the analysis method which considers the basement as a rigid foundation may lead to unsafety estimations and the estimation of the flexibility of the foundation is necessary as analysing the effective input motion with consideration of the incident waves.
  • 山田 善一, 野田 茂
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1988年 28 巻 1 号 143-152
    発行日: 1988/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • ALI TABESH, HARRY G. POULOS
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2001年 41 巻 3 号 1-16
    発行日: 2001/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the seismic analysis of pile foundations the soil is often assumed to be an elastic material and the pressure at the soil pile interface is not limited during the analysis. This may result in a considerable error, as the computed pressure from an elastic analysis may go well beyond the ultimate lateral pressure of real soil. In fact, significant yielding at the soil-pile interface has been observed during real earthquakes, and also in laboratory tests. The yield zone is usually near the ground surface where the effect of inertial force due to the superstructure is higher. This yielding redefines the pile response, and in general cannot be ignored. In order to examine the effects of soil yielding on the internal pile response during earthquakes an approximate analysis is described in this paper which is an extension of a static method developed by the second author (1982) for the analysis of piles subjected to lateral soil movement. This method is then used to investigate the effects of soil yielding on the internal response of piles through a comparative study in which real earthquakes are used. It is shown that for strong earthquakes and heavily loaded piles the soil yielding may considerably increase the amount of maximum pile moment developed in the pile. A marked difference in the effects of yielding on the pile moment and shear is observed and discussed.
  • ABDALLAHI.HUSEIN MALKAWI, ROBERTY. LIANG
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 3 号 67-74
    発行日: 1996/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The interaction between a penetrating shaft and the surrounding soil media under impact loading is a frequently encountered phenomenon in geotechnical engineering. Examples of such dynamic soil/shaft interaction would include dynamic pile driving, standard penetration testing (SPT), and dynamic driven rod test. Presented in this paper is a novel approach, based on the principle of dynamic system identification, which enables identification of dynamic soil-pile interaction model parameters. The analytical transfer function, relating the output stress wave forms to the input stress wave forms in the soil/shaft system, is derived using the Laplace and Fourier Transform techniques and the one-dimensional wave propagation theories. A numerical solution algorithm based on a variation of gradient method is coded into a micro-computer based program to solve the frequency-dependent soil-pile interaction parameters (Smith model) : soil damping and soil spring stiffness. To further reduce the amount of computational effort required in the solution of the frequency-dependent dynamic soil properties, it is suggested that the solution be obtained for the first-mode natural frequency of the measured stress waves. The results obtained from this simplified solution algorithm, when compared with both numerical simulations and controlled laboratory tests, are reasonably acceptable. The proposed parameter identification technique offers a viable alternative data interpretation procedure for deducing pertinent Smith model parameters used frequently in pile driving analysis.
  • 岩永 大気
    関西フランス語フランス文学
    2023年 29 巻 61-72
    発行日: 2023/03/31
    公開日: 2023/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー

     Conçue comme une négativité infinie et absolue, l’ironie déclenche une déstructuration sémantique et diégétique. Dans En attendant Godot de Beckett, la fonction de chaque discours et de chaque action est systématiquement réduite à une méta-action négative, par quoi on peut définir la notion

    d
    ’attente. Cette perturbation qui détraque les discours et les actions opère à tous les niveaux de la pièce.
    C
    ’est la méthode de(dé)construction fondamentale chez Beckett,qui consiste à injecter en permanence de l’ironie pour subvertir l’ordre des choses. La même démarche ironique avait été adoptée par les préromantiques pour surmonter une difficulté soulevée par la philosophie idéaliste,à savoir la division entre les phénomènes et les choses en soi.Marqué par l’influence profonde de la pensée de Schopenhauer,Beckett se place dans le sillage idéaliste des préromantiques,et leur emprunte leur méthode
    d
    ’évocation de l’inexprimable par le recours à l’ironie.

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