Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (4a and 4) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4 were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric -methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated 4a and 4 (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), 4a (trans) and 4 (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M- mixing ratio δ, and the - mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=−+, and μ_k≤.×10⁻⁴ respectively. The branching ratio (; +→+): (; +→2₁⁺): (; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be .0158:.:.86.

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11-Amino-, a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (a-d) and -oxepines (a-d) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (a, )and -oxepines (a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a-d and a-d, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) a and a, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) and , trans(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)c and c, and trans(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) d and d, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with

1H

-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.mol%Ni-.mol%Mo-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.mol%Ni-.mol%Mo-30.mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.mol%Ni-30.mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.mol%Ni-33.mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.mol%Ni-31.mol%W-17.4mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.mol%Ni-.mol%W-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.mol%W-33.mol%)+WB=+
:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.mol%W-18.mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb¹⁵² activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586. keV +→2₁⁺ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M- mixing ratio, , and the dimensionless ratio X of - mixing of the 586. keV transition are obtained to be ≤.16 and .034≤X≤.038, respectively. The branching ratio (; +→+): (; +→2₁⁺): (; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be .023 : . : ..

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Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus G_max and the undrained shear strength c_u with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey G_f. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding G_max behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate c_u"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory K_o test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3- cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,,-triol (). induced ALP activities of MC3T3- cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3- cells by , ergosterol (), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,,-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3- cells were increased 3.-fold by 10 μM and .4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, , 3, and did not induce MC3T3- cell ALP activity at .—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C- of and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3- cells. Furthermore, suppressed induction of MC3T3- cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), blaCMY-

2

(

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-

1

(15), blaOXA-

1

(

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group

A₁

(35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.

1

%),

B

1

(15.

8

%),

D₁

(

9

.

5

%),

A₀

(

7

.4%),

B2₂

(

5

.3%) and

B2₃

(4.

2

%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(

6

’)-Ib-cr,

qnrS1

and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.

5

and

1

.

1

% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.

0

% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.

2

%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2

. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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Brassinolide analogues, (R, 23R, 24R)-, 3α, , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo--oxa--ergostan--one (24-epibrassinolide) (10) and (S, 23S, 24R)-, 3α, , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo--oxa--ergostan--one (), were synthesized from brassicasterol (3a) in five steps and with ca. 20% overall yield. The key steps are the direct formation of (, 24R)-3α, -cyclo--ergost--en--one (4) from brassicasterol mesylate (3), the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 4 to (, 24R)--ergosta-, -dien--one (), and the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the tetrahydroxy -ergostan--ones and .

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N-n-ヘキシル-マレイミド (I), N-シクロヘキシル-マレイミド (II), N-ベンジル-マレイミド (III) の単独重合, 共重合をアゾビスイソブチロニトリル (IV) を開始剤としてテトラヒドロフラン中, 60℃で行った. 単独重合の初速度 (R_p) はR_p=k [I]

2.5

[IV]

0.80

, R_p=>k [II]

2.8

[IV]

0.80

, R_p=>k [III]

2.7

[IV]

0.54

となった. kは速度定数である. 全重合の活性化エネルギー (

E

), 頻度係数 (A) は

E

=

22

.

8

kcal/mol (I),

22

.

2

kcal/mol (II), 24.

1

kcal/mol (III), A=

9

.

5

×10¹¹ (I),

6

.4×10¹¹ (II),

6

.

6

×10¹² (III) となった. またN-置換マレイミドとメタクリル酸メチル (V) との共重合におけるモノマー反応性比

r₁

,

r₂

およびQ,

e

値を次のように決定した. I (

M₁

) -V (

M₂

) 系で

r₁

=

0

.17,

r₂

=

2

.02,

Q₁

=

0

.56,

e₁

=

1

.43, II (

M₁

) -V (

M₂

) 系で

r₁

=

0

.13,

r₂

=

2

.29,

Q₁

=

0

.50,

e₁

=

1

.50, III (

M₁

) -V (

M₂

) 系で

r₁

=

0

.14,

r₂

=

1

.54,

Q₁

=

0

.79,

e₁

=

1

.63となった.

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By employing an undrained cyclic loading ring-shear apparatus, a series of tests to reproduce the dynamic behavior of the Nikawa landslide induced by the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, is conducted. The test sample is Osaka-group coarse sandy soil taken from the landslide. The initial stress condition acting on a soil element in the sliding surface is applied to the sample. Based on the seismic records monitored at the JR Takarazuka Station, the input seismic wave is synthesized to reproduce the seismic stress acting on the sliding surface. The test results show that the soil failed due to the dynamic loading of the earthquake. The most important results are the excess pore water pressure generation and the acceleration of shear displacement continuing after the main shock. Combined with the grain crushing at the shear zone and the volume reduction in the drained constant-speed ring-shear test, the mechanism of this landslide is interpreted as, shear displacement causing grain crushing in the shear zone and volume reduction, and then resulting in a localized liquefaction phenomenon, "sliding-surface liquefaction". This geotechnical simulation test provides a reasonable interpretation of this highly mobile landslide.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass–ceramic (

.max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).

Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-

, DD-, NexxZr; and .max were used as a control. This resulted in a total of samples in the experiment. The L*, a* and * were measured for each sample, and then the optical properties including translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated. The samples were aged (20, 40, 60, , 100h), and the optical properties were calculated after each interval.

Results: Most zirconia brands had lower L*, higher a*, higher

* with increased aging, which visually corresponds to darker, redder, and more yellow. Aging also increased CR, lowered TP, and lowered OP. .max was also affected by aging but still had the highest TP (23.±.), L* (81.±3.4), and lowest CR (.41±.05) compared to any zirconia. The Zenostar had the closest TP (24.±.4), and L* (90.±.) values to .max before aging. However, after 100h of aging, the DD- was least effected and had the highest TP (.±.) and lowest CR (.43±.01) compared with other zirconia samples and highest OP (11.3±.) of all ceramic samples.

Conclusions: The optical properties of zirconia and

.max materials were affected by aging with the effects increasing with time. The magnitude of change was affected by seven brands of dental zirconia.

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Two new polyacetylene compounds (4, , 12)--acetoxy-3-isovaleryloxytetradeca-4, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (), and (4, , 12)--acetoxy-3-(-methylbutyryloxy)tetradeca-4, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (C) have been isolated along with (4, , 12)--acetoxy-3-senecioyloxytetradeca-4, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (A) from Atractylodes Rhizome (Karabyakujutu). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectral data.

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

,500 μm tall). On % modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of multivitamin preparations including _, _, _<12> and/or were studied in human male volunteers. The same dosage of 100 mg thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (_) was included in both preparations. However, one preparation (Alinamin EX^<(R)>) included high amounts of 100 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (_), 1500 μg hydroxocobalamin (_<12>) and 100 mg d, l-α-tocopherol succinate (). The other (Alinamin A50^<(R)>) included 10 mg riboflavin (_), 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (_), 20 μg cyanocobalamin (_<12>). the results were as follows : ) _ : No difference was observed between AUC of both preparations. T_<max> tended faster in Alinamin EX^<(R)>. ) _ : AUC by administration of Alinamin EX^<(R)> was times larger than in Alinamin A50^<(R)>. 3) _<12> : AUC by administration of Alinamin EX^<(R)> was 4 times larger than in Alinamin A50^<(R)>. 4) : A significant increase in plasma was observed by administration of Alinamin EX^<(R)>. AUC represents the area under curve obtained from the blood drug concentration of the time course.

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