This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group D₂ (

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%), D₁ (

9

.5%), A₀ (

7

.4%),

B2₂

(5.3%) and

B2₃

(4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.5 and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

抄録全体を表示

One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

抄録全体を表示

Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (4a and 4) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4 were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated 4a and 4 (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene-d₆ (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), 4a (trans) and 4 (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

抄録全体を表示

11-Amino-6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (6a-d) and -oxepines (a-d) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (1a, )and -oxepines (2a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a-d and 5a-d, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6a and a, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) 6 and , trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)6c and c, and trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6d and d, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

抄録全体を表示

Chemical properties of ergosta-4, 6, (14), -tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give 6α, -epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, , -trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to 6α, ;, -diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, -dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy--hydroxyergosta-4, , -triene-3, 6-dione (4) under these reaction conditions.

抄録全体を表示

Nアルキル3,4:,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸モノアンヒドリド=モノイミド[4a～]と芳香族アミン(アニリン,p-トルイジン,p-アニシジン,3,5-キシリジン,4-アミノナゾベンゼン,およびo-フェニレンジアミン)を縮合して非対称型3,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体-N-アルキル-N'-アリール-3,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(〔5a～〕,〔6a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,および〔10a～〕)を合成した. これらの各誘導体はすべて赤色系の色相を示し, 顔料試験の結果N-ブチル-N'-アリール-3,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(たとえば〔5〕や〔6〕)がとくにすぐれた耐光性を示した.

抄録全体を表示

Ferri-ghoseite（フェリゴース閃石）が和歌山県飯盛鉱山より見出された．X線実験に使用された部分はEPMAにより分析され，その化学式は，^A(Na_0.16K_0.02)

Σ0.18^B

(

Na_0.83Ca_0.09Mn²

+_1.08)_Σ2.00^C(Mg_3.78Mn²⁺_0.52Fe³⁺
_0.66Al_0.04)_Σ5.00^T(

Si_7.95Al_0.05

)

Σ8.00O₂₂^W

[(OH)_1.90F_0.10] _Σ2.00である．単結晶X線回折実験により得られた格子定数は， a =

9

.6389(

7

),

b

= 18.0534(10), c = 5.3138(3) angstrorm and beta = 102.896(2) degreeである．

抄録全体を表示

本検討は, 経皮的冠動脈形成術 (PCI) 後の翌日血液透析 (HD) 時における透析中低血圧 (IDH) の発生因子について検討した. 対象は待機的PCI後, 翌日HDを施行した慢性HD患者連続

名 (年齢70±歳, 男性64名). IDHの定義は, 収縮期血圧20mmHg以上の低下で, 症状を伴いかつHD中断を要したものとした. また, HD記録よりIDHを後方視的に調査し, Logistic回帰分析にてIDHの予測因子を検討した. IDH群 (12名) は非IDH群 (71名) に比して, 有意に低体重 (52.0±3. vs. 62.±1.5kg; p=0.007), 造影剤量/体重が多く (2.5±0.3 vs. 1.±0.1mL/kg; p=0.018), 低左室駆出率で (45.±4.2 vs. 56.0±1.% ; p=0.030), /’ が高値 (.±3. vs. 17.2±0.cm/sec; p=0.038) であった. また, 冠動脈病変や侵襲的な治療について有意差は認めなかった. Logistic回帰分析では, 造影剤量/体重 (OR, 6.87; %CI, 1.-25.; p=0.004) がIDHの有意な予測因子であった. 造影剤使用量が多い症例は, IDHを生じる危険性が高いことが示唆された.

抄録全体を表示

Melithasterols A-D (1-4), isolated from a gorgoinan coral Melithaea ocracea of Okinawa, were shown to be cholestane-, 24-methyl--dehydrocholestane-, -dehydrocholestane-, and 24-methylenecholestane-derivatives. respectively, having a common 3β, α -dihydroxy-5α, 6α-epoxy-Δ^ steroid nucleus. This was confirmed by direct comparison with the authentic sample prepared by lead tetra-acetate oxydation of cholest-6-ene- 3β, 5α, α-triol 3-monoacetate. Twelve new polyhydroxysterols were isolated from an Alcyonium sp. (,,), and Sclerophytum sp. (14,16,19,20,21,a,23,26,28) soft corals collected off the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean. All the Sclerophytum sp. soft corals contained 17a or its 25-deacetyl derivative. Compounds to were identified as 24-methylenecholest-5-ene- 3β, 16β-diol-3-0-α-L fucoside () and its β-() and α-hydroxy () derivatives. Compound 14 was shown to be 24S-24-methylcholest-5-ene-3β,25ξ,26-triol and was correlated to the known compound 15 by 5α, 6β-glycolation. Compound 16 was shown to be 5β, 6α-isomer of 17, correlating to 17 by PCC oxidation followed by dehydration. Compound 19 was identified with 25-deacetyl derivative of the known compound lobosterol (19a) by hydrolysis of authentic lobosterol. Compounds 20 and 21 were shown to be -dehydro-(20) and -dehydro-(21) derivative of 17a and 17, respectively, by comparisons of their spectral data with reference compounds. Compounds a and 23 were 24S-methylcholestane-3β, 5α 25-triol-6-one 25-monoacetate (a) and its 25-deacetoxyl derivative (23). Partial PCC oxidation of 17a afforded a. Compounds 26 (andamansterol) and 28 (nicobarsterol) were shown to be gorgost-5-ene-3β, α. 11α, 21-tetrol and novel secosteroid, 11,21-cyclo--homo-11-oxa-, 11-secoergostane-3β, 6α, 12ξ-triol--one, respectively, by spectral analyses (H-HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC).

抄録全体を表示

The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.5mol%Ni-6.0mol%Mo-.5mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.5mol%Ni-2.5mol%Mo-30.5mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
P₂:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.5mol%Ni-33.mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.4mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-.0mol%W-.0mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
P₂:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

抄録全体を表示

Eight new sterols, 5α, -epidioxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-6, -dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, 5α, -trihydroxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien-6-one (2), 3β, 5α, -trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one (3), 3β, 5α, , 14α-tetrahydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (4), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6α, -tetrol (5), 5α, -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (6), 5α, -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one () and 5α, 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, , 14α-triol (), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

抄録全体を表示

Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA2 programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.

抄録全体を表示

 The stability of

‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) and ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) in -liquid during storage was investigated. ‒THC‒OAc liquids in cartridges were stored at 80℃ or 30℃ for 28 days. The relative concentrations of cannabinoids in the liquids were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. ‒THC‒OAc decreased during storage at either temperature. ‒THC, a minor impurity, also decreased. ‒THC‒OAc liquid in a cartridge was stored at 80℃ for 57 days. The concentration of ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC, a minor impurity, did not change during that time. Cannabinol acetate increased in all liquids, and unknown products were also detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC‒OAc liquids were subjected to GC/MS to detect representative diluents, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, but none of these were detected.

抄録全体を表示

Six new sterols, 5α, 6α;, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (1), 5α, 6α;, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (2), 5α, 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, -diol (3), (, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (4), (, 24R)-23-methulergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6β, -tetrol (5) and (24S)-ergost--ene-3β, 5α, 6β, -tetrol (6), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

抄録全体を表示

Brassinolide analogues, (R, 23R, 24R)-2α, 3α, , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo--oxa-5α-ergostan-6-one (24-epibrassinolide) (10) and (S, 23S, 24R)-2α, 3α, , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo--oxa-5α-ergostan-6-one (), were synthesized from brassicasterol (3a) in five steps and with ca. 20% overall yield. The key steps are the direct formation of (, 24R)-3α, 5-cyclo-5α-ergost--en-6-one (4) from brassicasterol mesylate (3), the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 4 to (, 24R)-5α-ergosta-2, -dien-6-one (6), and the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the tetrahydroxy 5α-ergostan-6-ones and .

抄録全体を表示