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  • LIVIO SIROVICH
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 4 号 23-34
    発行日: 1996/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA2 programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.
  • FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, MARIE-LOUISE CAPMAU, ERÉDÉRIC TANGY, ELIANE CAMINADE
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1980年 33 巻 8 号 895-899
    発行日: 1980年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    (3H) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity binding site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin.
  • S. SICSIC, J.
    F
    . LE BIGOT,
    C
    . VINCENT,
    C
    . CERCEAU,
    F
    . LE GOFFIC
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1982年 35 巻 5 号 574-579
    発行日: 1982年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    The activities of tobramycin derivatives acetylated and ethylated on the 6'-N, 2'-N and 3-N positions were examined. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin sensitive strains indicated that 2'-N-ethylated and 6'-N-ethylated derivatives have a fairly good activity, and confirmed that the 3-N position is the most important one for antibiotic activity since 3-N derivatives were less active. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin resistant strains, and their inactivation by tobramycin modifying enzymes were examined. These results showed that 2'-N or 6'-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(2') or AAC(6'), respectively, and 2'-N-ethyltobramycin and 6'-N-ethyltobramycin were active against strains containing these modifying enzymes. On the other hand, 3-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(3) but 3-N-ethyl tobramycin does not inhibit strains containing this enzyme.
  • 東坂 諒哉, 城 克己, 林 侑加子, 津村 ゆかり
    日本法科学技術学会誌
    2023年 28 巻 2 号 197-203
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/07/31
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/04/20
    ジャーナル フリー

     The stability of

    Δ9
    ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc) and
    Δ8
    ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc) in
    e
    -liquid during storage was investigated.
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc liquids in cartridges were stored at
    80
    ℃ or 30℃ for 28 days. The relative concentrations of cannabinoids in the liquids were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc decreased during storage at either temperature.
    Δ9
    ‒THC, a minor impurity, also decreased.
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc liquid in a cartridge was stored at
    80
    ℃ for 57 days. The concentration of
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc and
    Δ8
    ‒THC, a minor impurity, did not change during that time. Cannabinol acetate increased in all liquids, and unknown products were also detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The
    Δ9
    ‒THC‒OAc and
    Δ8
    ‒THC‒OAc liquids were subjected to GC/MS to detect representative diluents, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, but none of these were detected.

  • 西村 真一, 清水 英良, / 仲野 良紀, RYOKI NAKANO
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 3 号 89-95
    発行日: 1998/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Leakage of water due to internal erosion through a dam body or foundation is a major problem with fill-type dams. Recent case histories and research suggest that most cases of internal erosion are possibly triggered by hydraulic fracturing. However, the quantitative mechanism of hydraulic fracturing still remains to be solved. Therefore in-situ hydraulic fracture tests were carried out with a cheap, concise apparatus using boreholes dug in the soft clayey volcanic soil foundation of a low earth dam (Oyachi Dam) in Niigata Prefecture. Water was injected into the foundation through a perforated pipe by two methods : one was under a controlled injection pressure and the other was a controlled injection flow rate. In the former method, the relationship between flow rate and injection pressure was observed and it was found that a yield pressure or fracture pressure existed in all the tests. By repeating the injection test it was confirmed that once a crack is developed, it is very easily reopened by a water pressure a little higher than the earth pressure exerted on the crack. In the latter method, the relationship between injection pressure and time was observed and it was found that fracture pressure varied with flow rate. The boreholes were excavated to observe the development of fracture cracks and it was also found that the cracks had developed perpendicular to the borehole periphery, which means that fracture cracks were induced by tensile stress and denies the explanation that fractures are caused by shear failure.
  • / 鵜飼 恵三, KEIZO UGAI
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 3 号 201-207
    発行日: 1998/09/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A comparative study of the static and dynamic response of a slope is carried out, using the large deformation theory of the updated Lagrangian formulation and the conventional infinitesimal theory. In the static analysis, a strength reduction method proposed by one of the authors is used to evaluate the safety factor of the slope. It is found that by the large deformation theory, the safety factor is larger than that calculated by the infinitesimal theory, and this difference becomes large along with the reduction of elastic modulus. In the dynamic analysis, it is observed that the large deformation theory gives smaller sliding displacement and larger response acceleration than the infinitesimal approach. It is concluded that in many cases the large deformation approach gives more adequate solutions.
  • 辻川 健治, 川上 貴大, 荒木 渉, 佐藤 高広, 伊藤 さよ, 和泉 要, 保戸田 滉樹, 岩田 祐子
    日本法科学技術学会誌
    2023年 28 巻 2 号 145-157
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/07/31
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/04/20
    ジャーナル フリー

     We examined the stability of

    Δ9
    -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc) and
    Δ8
    -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc) in
    e
    -liquid products. Eight samples were heated at 30℃ for 28 days and one of them was heated at 70℃ for 2, 4,
    8
    , 10, and 15 days. Residual ratios of
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc and
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ion detection and their degradation products were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Some samples were tested for solubility in hexane and were submitted to GC/MS analysis to detect propylene glycol and glycerol. After a 28-day incubation at 30℃,
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc was slightly decomposed (residual ratio:
    84
    .
    5
    –94.2%) but
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc was almost stable (residual ratio: 95.2–108.
    9
    %). Heating at 70℃ decomposed not only
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc but also
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc. The decomposition proceeded rapidly in the initial 2 days then slowly until 15 days later. The degradation products, four putative one-oxygen-atom adducts and cannabinol, were detected but deacetylated products (
    Δ9
    -tetrahydrocannabinol and
    Δ8
    -tetrahydrocannabinol) were not detected. All the samples tested were completely dissolved in hexane differently from propylene glycol and glycerol. Propylene glycol and glycerol were not detected from the samples completely dissolved in hexane. This study indicated that deacetylation of
    Δ9
    -THC-OAc and
    Δ8
    -THC-OAc did not proceed when the sample did not contain propylene glycol and glycerol.

  • 張 建民, 社本 康広, 時松 孝次
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1998年 38 巻 2 号 143-163
    発行日: 1998/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Based on the concept "intermediate soil wedge" which is dependent on mobilized frictional resistance, a new theory has been developed for evaluating the seismic earth pressures against retaining walls under any condition between the active and passive states. For this theory, the seismic earth pressure is separated into four components according to their formation. New equations are proposed to determine the distribution, resultant and point of application for each component. An equivalent seismic coefficient is introduced to take into account non-uniform seismic acceleration distribution with depth. The equations place special emphasis on dependence of the seismic earth pressure on mode and level of wall movement. The equations can be reduced to the Mononobe-Okabe equation for the limiting conditions. Their applicability was confirmed by comparing the predictions with a number of previous model test results.
  • 伊藤 孝男, 森 芳信, 浅田 秋江
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1994年 34 巻 1 号 33-40
    発行日: 1994/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    During earthquakes, saturated loose sandy soils often liquefy, causing serious damage to buildings and underground structures. Various construction methods have been employed to stabilize these soils against liquefaction. The popular methods are those which increase their density. Vibration and impact methods are commonly employed, but these often pose a problem of noise and vibration in urban areas. Results of previous experiments have shown that Quick Lime Consolidated Briquettes (QCB), a soil stabilizer made of quicklime and cement placed to form cylinders, significantly increases resistance to liquefaction by utilizing the effects of water absorption, swelling, and hardening. In the present study, shaking table tests were performed to evaluate the earthquake resistance of soil treated with QCB. Results of these test showed that the response acceleration and excess pore water pressure in QCB-treated soils were scarcely affected by the excitation of 200 Gals. The soil settlement due to shaking was about one tenth of that for the untreated soil, proving the effectiveness of QCB during earthquakes.
  • RAJ SIDDHARTHAN, GARY M. NORRlS
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1991年 31 巻 2 号 51-64
    発行日: 1991/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A finite element model capable of taking into account nonlinear hysteretic soil behavior is presented to study earthquake induced retaining wall movement. The model also accounts for increase in lateral stresses and settlement associated with grain slip caused by cyclic loads. The predictive capability of the proposed method is verified by comparing responses given by the model with those computed by another existing finite element model and also with responses recorded at the Cambridge centrifuge facility. The study reveals that the wall displacement can be substantially affected, among other factors, by the increase in lateral stresses due to grain slip and wall-soil friction. Care should be taken when selecting a constant value of wall-soil friction angle for the entire duration of excitation since structural changes can occur in the soil adjacent to the wall.
  • Cbesseredes HORTS
    Journal of Human Ergology
    1982年 11 巻 Supplement 号 429-440
    発行日: 1982/12/15
    公開日: 2011/02/23
    ジャーナル フリー
  • George W. Lee
    燃料協会誌
    1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
    発行日: 1973/03/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • FRANÇOIS LE GOFFIC, FRÉDÉRIC TANGY, BERNARD MOREAU
    The Journal of Antibiotics
    1979年 32 巻 12 号 1288-1292
    発行日: 1979年
    公開日: 2006/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    A sample of [3H] tobrarnycin (
    5
    , 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
    the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
    two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
    protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
    tiirough of the messenger RNA.
  • 小田切 孝人, 田代 眞人
    ウイルス
    2013年 63 巻 2 号 233-240
    発行日: 2013/12/25
    公開日: 2014/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Hugang HAN
    バイオメディカル・ファジィ・システム学会大会講演論文集
    2010年 23 巻 9P-E-8
    発行日: 2010/10/09
    公開日: 2017/10/25
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    In this paper, instead of the time-invariant state-space representation in the consequent of the T-S fuzzy model, tim,
    e
    -varying system is considered in order to deal with the reconstruction error between the real system to be controlled and its T-S model, and fuzzy approximator is employed to cope with unknown functions involved in the model. As a result, it reaches an adaptive controller that has two parts: one is obtained by solving certain linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) (fixed part) and another one is acquired by the fuzzy approximator in which the related parameters are tuned by adaptive law (variable part). The proposed controller can guarantee the closed-loop system to be asymptotically stable.
  • CHANIDNUN POTHIRAKSANON, DENNES T. BERGADO, HOSSAM M. ABUEL-NAGA
    SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
    2010年 50 巻 5 号 599-608
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2010/12/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study the field feasibility of an innovative thermal technique to improve the performance of prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) used in conjunction with the preloading ground improvement method is investigated. For this purpose, two identical 6.0 m high full-scale test embankments for preloading were constructed over the soft Bangkok clay where a conventional PVD system was installed underneath one embankment and a novel prefabricated vertical thermo-drain (PVTD) system was utilized for the other. The PVTD unit consists of a U-tube made of cross-linked polyethylene plastic (PEX) that is attached to a conventional PVD unit. Preheated water at about 90°
    C
    is circulated through the attached U-tube to raise the soil temperature underneath the PVTD embankment. The behavior of the two test embankments were compared in terms of excess pore water pressure and consolidation results. The comparison shows the advantage of a PVTD system over a conventional PVD system. The rate of consolidation increases significantly in the PVTD system due to the temperature effect on the hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, the embankment with the PVTD system generates more settlement due to the thermally induced irreversible contraction of saturated normally consolidated soft Bangkok clay.
  • Yasuhiro SUGIMOTO, Kazuma SAKATOH
    IEICE Transactions on Electronics
    2013年 E96.C 巻 6 号 867-874
    発行日: 2013/06/01
    公開日: 2013/06/01
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS 7th-order Gm-
    C
    linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a 7th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -3dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, 3rd-order distortion, and 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.3dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.
  • 小林 優, 家坂 貴子, 中野 江身子, 平山 耕一郎
    天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集
    1989年 31 巻 71/P2-1
    発行日: 1989/09/17
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Six new cembranoids sarcophytol P (3), R (4), S (
    5
    ), K (
    8
    ),
    F
    (11), and T (13) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Sarcophytol P (3) was shown to be the 20-hydroxy derivative of the major component sarcophytol A (1), and afforded the cyclization product 6 in CHCl_3 at room temperature, in a same way as in 1. Sarcophytols R (4) and S (
    5
    ) were correlated to 1, by conversion of its 7R,
    8
    R and 7S,
    8
    S epoxide derivatives. Sarcophytol K(
    8
    ) was a 13, 14-dihydroxycembranoid having a 1
    E
    ,3Z-diene moiety. The absolute configuration of
    8
    and its 1Z,3
    E
    - and 1Z,3Z-isomers sarcophytol B (2) and J (10) were determined by circular dichroism study of their bis-p-dimethylaminobenzoate derivatives. Sarcophytols
    F
    (11) and T (13) were 1
    E
    - and 1
    E
    ,3Z-isomers of 1. Compound 11 showed characteristic broadening of the ^1H-NMR chemical shifts, due to the restricted conformational interconversion. Using the three cembranoids sarcophytols
    F
    (11, 1
    E
    ,3
    E
    ), N (15, 1Z,3Z) and T (13,1
    E
    ,3Z), spontaneous autoxidation-cyclization, in CHCl_3,was examined, in order to compare the stereochemical course of the reaction with that of 1 (1Z,3
    E
    ), which affords trans-fused bicyclo[
    9
    .3.0]tetradecene systems. The 1
    E
    ,3Z-isomer 13 gave the same cyclization product 18, as in the reaction of 1, even though it is isomeric at
    C
    -1,3. The 1Z,3Z isomer 15 gave 19, in consequence of the reversed geometry at
    C
    -3 of 15. The 1
    E
    ,3
    E
    -isomer (11) gave the bicyclic product
    22
    , having an antipodal fusion as compared with 19. This was confirmed by PCC oxidation of 19 and
    22
    , giving enantiomeric ketones 23 and 24 respectively. The 1(14)-epoxide 26 was shown to be the immediate precursor of
    22
    , and acounted for the inversion of the geometry at
    C
    -1 of the cyclization product. Compound 26 is isomeric with the epoxide 17 derived from 1. The epoxide 17 is the postulated precursor in the conversion of 13 to 18. It is noteworthy that the mode of antipodal fusion of the cyclopentane rings, in 18 and
    22
    , was controlled by the chirality of the epoxy rings. The
    C
    -14 hydroxyl group participates in the transannular cyclization, but was found not to be the requisite functional group for the reaction. Similar treatment of cembrene
    C
    (30), the parent hydrocarbon of 1, also reacted in CHCl_3 giving the bicyclic product 32.
  • Charles-Henri de NOVION, Paul COSTA
    Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology
    1971年 8 巻 10 号 600-601
    発行日: 1971/10/25
    公開日: 2008/12/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 藤原 東雄, 上 俊二
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1990年 30 巻 1 号 76-86
    発行日: 1990/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The behavior of the soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading is different from that subjected to sustained loading. The difference in settlement between these two loading patterns should be due to secondary compression over a long period of time. Consequently, soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading tend to be more compressible than those subjected to sustained loading. Therefore, it is necessary for engineers to predict post-construction settlements under repeated loading. In this respect, the preloading is considered to be promising as a countermeasure to reduce the settlement of clay under repeated loading as well as under sustained loading. The effect of preloading on post-construction consolidation settlement of soft clay subjected to repeated loading after removal of a part of preload is investigated in the present paper. It has become clear that the settlement of a clay sample after preconsolidation is mainly affected by the amount of preload, the degree of consolidation due to the preload, the amount of permanent load and the amount of repeated load after removal of preload. The calculated settlement versus time relations using a method to estimate the amount of consolidation settlement of soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading after removal of preloading were compared with the observed degree of consolidation as parameters of the intensities of preload and repeated load.
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