A sample of [³H] tobrarnycin (, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
tiirough of the messenger RNA.

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We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins and . MDA increased from 6. ± . (placebo) to .48 ± 1. (A) and .02 ± 1. nmol/gHb (). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19.3 ± . (P) to 23. ± 6. (A) and 24.1 ± . μmol/L (). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± .81 (P) to .02 ± .92 (A) and .39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from 0. ± 0.28 (P) to 1.24 ± 0.29 (A) and 1.08 ± 0.12 μmol/g Hb (). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in ; GRx decreased 27% in A and .% in ; GPx decreased 12% in A and .6% in . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins and should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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The group velocities of surface waves in the period range - s were measured to retrieve the anisotropy pattern of the surface wave velocities in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. WWSSN long period records at KIP, Hawaii, from ridge events in the Gulf of California, the East Pacific rise, and the Easter Island Cordillera were used to cover propagation directions N60°-N140°. These station and epicenters are in very favorable positions to minimize the effects of the lateral heterogeneity owing to ocean floor ages. The fast direction of the Rayleigh wave group velocity is normal to ridge, showing 3-% azimuthal anisotropy. The Love wave group velocity shows little azimuthal anisotropy. A model of a possible type of preferred orientation of constituent olivine beneath the Pacific Ocean is proposed, based on the elastic constants and the petrofabrics of dunite from Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan, and that of olivine nodules in the ophiolite complex from the Bay of Islands and Oman. In this model, a-axis is concentrated along a particular direction and - and -axes form a girdle. Elastic constants of the model are =.44, ==.05, ==0.72, =0.67, =0.69, and = =0.75 (10¹² dyn·cm), where X₁-axis, or the direction of the a-axis concentration, is normal to ridge and X₃-axis is vertical. If we assume that the type of the preferred orientation is an age-independent property of suboceanic lithosphere, this model can explain the overall features of the large-scale anisotropy in the Pacific Ocean: the azimuthal anisotropy of surface wave velocities as described above; the SH-SV anisotropy of surface waves of about 0.15 km/s; the P_n, anisotropy of 7. km/s to .6 km/s; the high S_m, velocity of about . km/s; and the ScS polarization anisotropy

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(³H) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity binding site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin.

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Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.

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The activities of tobramycin derivatives acetylated and ethylated on the 6'-N, '-N and 3-N positions were examined. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin sensitive strains indicated that '-N-ethylated and 6'-N-ethylated derivatives have a fairly good activity, and confirmed that the 3-N position is the most important one for antibiotic activity since 3-N derivatives were less active. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin resistant strains, and their inactivation by tobramycin modifying enzymes were examined. These results showed that '-N or 6'-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(') or AAC(6'), respectively, and '-N-ethyltobramycin and 6'-N-ethyltobramycin were active against strains containing these modifying enzymes. On the other hand, 3-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(3) but 3-N-ethyl tobramycin does not inhibit strains containing this enzyme.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1- mixing ratio δ, and the 0- mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818.7 keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=1.52−

0.22

+0.26, and μ_k≤6.1×10−

4

respectively. The

E

2

branching ratio

B

(

E

2

;

2₂

+→0_g⁺):

B

(

E

2

;

2₂

+→2₁⁺):

B

(

E

2

;

2₂

+→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:1.0:

5

.

86

.

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In this paper, we compare the results of early surgery with those of delayed surgery and discuss the indication of early surgery in 146 cases with ruptured vertebro-basilar aneurysms.
Depending on age, 146 cases were classified into groups: 116 cases under 64 years old (Y-group) and 30 cases over 65 years old (-group).
Timing of operation (within 3 days after SAH: A, -7 days: , over days: ) and clinical grades by Hunt and Kosnik's classification without attendant were as follows: In Y-group, I-II 17, III , IV , V 1 in A, I-II , III in , I-II 60, III , IV in . In -group, I-II , , IV 3 in A, III , IV 1 in , I-II 10, III , IV in .
Timing of the operation did not differ between the Y-group and -group, but the number of cases classified into HI and IV was significantly larger in the -group than in the Y-group.
Favorable results were obtained as follows : In the Y-group, I-II 15/17 (88%), III / (%), IV / (40%), V 0/1 in A, I-II / (100%), III / (100%) in , I-II 54/60 (90%), III / (56%), IV 1/ (50%) in . In the -group, I-II / (50%), III 0/, IV /3 (66%) in A, III 0/, IV 0/1 in , I-II /10 (%), III 1/ (50%), IV 0/ in .
As a whole, surgical results were better in the Y-group than in the -group.
Unfavorable outcomes due to surgical procedure in Grade I-II cases and primary brain damage in Grade III-IV cases were significantly frequent in the -group (3/14: 21%, /16: 56%) than in the Y-group (3/: 3%, 6/30: 20%).
In the Y-group, outcomes of Grade I-II cases and N cases were not significantly different in the timing of the operation, and the outcome of Grade III cases was better in cases operated on within 7 days after SAH than in cases operated on over days after SAH.
In the -group, the outcome of Grade I-II cases was almost the same irrespective of the timing of the operation except cases over 70 years old with high positioned basilar bifurcation aneurysm.
Two out of 3 favorable cases of Grade III and IV were operated on within 3 days after SAH and those cases showed disturbance of consciousness due to acute hydrocephalus.
From these results and the results of the literature, which has shown a high incidence of deterioration during waiting for the operation in cases with ruptured vertebro-basilar aneurysms, it can be concluded that surgery must be performed as early as possible after SAH in all Grade I-II cases except cases over 70 years old with high positioned basilar aneurysms, and III and IV cases under 64 years old with ruptured vertebro-basilar aneurysms.
Early surgery is also indicated in Grade III and IV cases over 65 years old with disturbance of consciousness due to acute hydrocephalus.

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Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS 7th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a 7th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -3dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, 3rd-order distortion, and 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) were 200MHz, .%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.3dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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We developed a real-time PCR procedure followed by melting curve analysis using the green fluorescence dye SYBR Green I for rapid detection and differentiation of hemplasmas in cattle. Analysis of the melting temperature (Tm) of the PCR products allowed for differentiation of the bovine hemoplasmas, Mycoplasma wenyonii and a provisional species, `Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' (a synonym of `Candidatus M. haemobovis'). The Tm (mean ± S..) of the PCR products from the bovine hemoplasmas were . ± 0.12° for M. wenyonii and 82.04 ± 0.27° for `Candidatus M. haemobos' in the melting experiments. The protocol described in the present study can decrease the time to results by simultaneous detection and differentiation of the two hemoplasmas in cattle. By using this protocol, we examined hemoplasma prevalence in 109 cattle in Miyagi Prefecture and found that 67 (61.%) were infected with M. wenyonii, 25 (.%) were infected with `Candidatus M. haemobos' and 14 (12.%) were infected with both.

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.mol%Ni-6.0mol%Mo-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.mol%Ni-.mol%Mo-30.mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.mol%Ni-33.7mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-7.0mol%W-.0mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.mol%Ni-.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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ウシリンパ球の-ロゼット法の成績に影響する諸要因を検討し, 本法を標準化するため用いる羊血球の品種および個体差, 処理法 (ノイラミニダーゼ(E_N), -アミノエチルイソチオウロニウムブロマイド(E_AET)), ロゼットメディウム, T, 両マーカーをもつリンパ球について検討し, 正常牛リンパ球のサブポピュレーションをしらべた。サフォーク種, コリデール種および雑種の血球間でのロゼット形成率(RFC)には差を認めなかった。処理(E_N, E_AET) 血球のRFCは無処理血球のそれに比べ有意に高かった (P<.01,<.01)。標準法としては, 20%FCS 加 Eagle's MEMリンパ球 (3-×10⁶ml)浮遊液とAET処理1%羊赤血球デキストラン (%デキストラン, Mol.wt. 177000)浮 遊液とを等量(400μ1)混合し, 37℃, 30分反応後遠心し, ℃, 16～20時間静置後の算定が適当であった。本法による-ロゼット法, 蛍光標識抗ウシIgGを用いた表面免疫グロブリンの測定およびイースト粒子取込み法による単球の同定法により, 正常牛頭の末梢血単核細胞をTリンパ球 (61.±3.%, 56-68%), リンパ球 (.±.1%, 16-30%), 単球 (6.1±.6%, -10%) に分別し得た。T, 両マーカーをもつリンパ球は約3% (0-6%) 認められた。

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), blaCMY-

2

(

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%), D₁ (

9

.

5

%), A₀ (7.

4

%),

B2₂

(

5

.3%) and

B2₃

(

4

.

2

%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.

5

and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.

2

%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2

. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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Five new marine _<29> sterols (-6) were isolated from the soft coral Sinular ia mayi of the Ishigaki Island, Okinawa. The Spectrosocpic data showed that they are the polyhydroxy derivative of sarcosterol (1), a marine sterol having a unique 23-methyl and a 17(20)-double bond. Sterol was the 25-monohydroxy derivative of 1. The NOE experiment of its 25, 26-didehydro derivative indicated that the stereochemistry at -23 and 24 was identical with that of peridinosterol, whose absolute configuration has previously been established. Sterol 3 was the 25,26-dihydroxy derivative of 1. It was converted to by reductive cleavage of the -26 tosyloxy bond by LAH. Sterols and 6 were shown, by spectroscopic analyses, to be , 25-dihydroxy and ,23,25-trihydroxy derivatives of 1. The stereochemistry in the side chain was derived from interpretation of the coupling pattern and the results obtained by NOE experiments. On storage sterol was found to be converted, by dehydration, to sterol having a tetrahydrofuran ring on the side chain Two new cembranoids sinulariol (7) and mayolide (), simultaenously isolated from S. mayi, were correlated to the known compounds sinulariol A () and mayolide (10) by dehydration. The pyridine-induced deshielding effects, observed in the ^1H NMR spectra of and 10-12, indicated that the absolute configuration at - of to be (R) and that of 10-12 to be (S). A new polyhydroxygorgostane (15) was obtained from the Andaman Sea soft coral Lobophytum strictum. The structure was derived, by spectroscopic data. to be 1β-hydroxy--deoxy derivative of the known compound andamansterol.

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