We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,,-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,,-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3, and did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C- of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

抄録全体を表示

The results of the further study on the radioactive molybdenum isotopes and their daughter isotopes are given as follows.
estimation K-U
Mo¹⁰¹ 19min. ±2 - 1.MeV 1.78MeV γ (n, γ)
Ma¹⁰¹ min. ±1 - 1.05 1.14 no Mo¹⁰¹ β^- decay
Mo²⁹ 64hr. ±2 - 1.3 1.44 no (n, γ) (n, 2n) (d, p)
Ma²⁹ hr. ±1 - Soft - - β^- decay
17min. ±1 - 2.4 2.65 (n, 2n) (γ, n)
10da. ±1 Soft - β⁺ decay
The assignments of the mass numbers for the produced isotopes are also discussed

抄録全体を表示

Background: The association between the T-peak to T-end interval (Tp-

) and ventricular arrhythmia (VA) events in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Tp- was associated with VA events in CS patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-Ds).

Methods and Results: We retrospectively studied 50 patients (16 men; mean [±SD] age 56.3±10.

years) with CS and ICD/CRT-D. The maximum Tp- in the precordial leads recorded by a 12-lead electrocardiogram after ICD/CRT-D implantation was evaluated. The clinical endpoint was defined as appropriate ICD therapy. During a median follow-up period of 85.0 months, patients underwent appropriate therapy and 10 patients died. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the probability of the clinical endpoint was 28.3% at 2 years and 35.3% at 4 years. The optimal cut-off value of the Tp- for the prediction of the clinical endpoint was ms, with a sensitivity of 72.% and a specificity of 87.0% (area under the curve=0.81). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Tp- ≥ ms (hazard ratio [HR] .10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.–13.1; P<0.001) and a histological diagnosis of CS (HR 3.84; 95% CI 1.28–11.; P=0.016) were significantly associated with the clinical endpoint.

Conclusions: Tp-

≥ ms was a significant predictor of VA events in patients with CS and ICD/CRT-D.

抄録全体を表示

Reaction of ()-(S)-N-(1-isopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)benzylideneamine (2) with ethylmagnesium bromide gave a mixture of (1S, 1'S)- and (1R, 1'S)-N-(1'-isopropyl-2'-methoxyethyl)-1-phenylpropylamines (3) ( : %). ()-(S)-N-(1-Isopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)propylideneamine () was treated with phenyllithium to give (1R, 1'S)- and (1S, 1'S)-3 (95 : %). On the other hand, reaction of ()-(S)-N-(2-hydroxy-1-isopropylethyl)benzylideneamine () with ethylmagnesium bromide yielded a mixture of (1S, 1'S)- and (1R, 1'S)-N-(2'-hydroxy-1'-isopropylethyl)-1-phenylpropylamines () (78 : %). The absolute configurations of these amines were determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and comparison with authentic samples synthesized by alternative methods.

抄録全体を表示

Volcanic ash particles originating from the eruptions of Mt. Sakurajima (31.59°N, 130.66°) were observed with Mie lidar at an altitude of 1.-2.3 km over Saga (33.24°N, 130.29°) on 21 and August, 2013. The lidar data showed a high depolarization ratio (10-15 %) and a moderately low backscatter wavelength exponent (0.-0.), indicating the presence of supermicrometer-sized nonspherical particles. The aerosol optical thicknesses at 500 nm derived from the skyradiometer were 0.12 on 21 August (13 : 50 LT) and 0.40 on August (12 : 50 LT). The Ångström exponent was 0.16-0.49 and the single scattering albedo was 0.73-0., indicating the predominance of supermicrometer-sized and moderately absorbing particles.

抄録全体を表示

適切な抗てんかん薬物療法を行っても発作の抑制が困難で、lamotrigine (LTG) を導入したてんかん症例のうち、 LTG導入時にcarbamazepine (CBZ) を服用し、他にはLTGの代謝に影響する既知の薬物を併用していない、12～歳 (平均18歳3カ月) の症候性ならびに潜因性局在関連性てんかん患者8例を対象に、LTG併用前後のCBZならびにcarbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide (CBZ-) の血中濃度の変化を検討した。LTG併用時のCBZの投与量は.8～12.0 (平均.±2.3) mg/kg/day、LTGの投与量は2.～14.1 (平均.±3.8) mg/kg/dayであった。
CBZとCBZ-の血中濃度は、 LTG併用前は.±1.07μg/mlと1.29±0.30μg/ml、併用後はそれぞれ.78±1.33μg/mlと1.45±0.40μg/mlで、 LTG併用後CBZE血中濃度は有意 (P<0.05) に上昇した。また、血中CBZ-/CBZ濃度比も、 LTG併用後0.16±0.03から0.18±0.03と有意 (p<0.05) に上昇した。しかし、今回の対象では、LTG併用後CBZ-血中濃度が中毒域に達した症例はなく、臨床的にもCBZ-に起因する中毒症状を認めなかった。

抄録全体を表示

Some studies on Vitamin- contents in red blood cells (RBC) have been reported by Kayden and others since 1972. But its clinical meanings are still unequivocal. The auther tried to detect the correlationship between serum lipids and RBC-Vitamin- in hyperlipidemic patients. Vitamin- in RBC were measured by micromethods using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with amperometric detector which was modified from Mino's methods. Result were as follows. RBC-Vitamin-; 17.±2.28 (ng/10 RBC) in control group. .8±.8 in type. 21.±4.4 in type. 21.3±4.4 in type. As above described, Vitamin- in hyperlipidemic RBC is higher than controls and furthermore Vitamin- in RBC were generally correlated positively to HDL-Cholesterol and to HDL-Vitamin-. On the other hand, the statistical negative correlationship between RBC-Vitamin- and atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C) was revealed.

抄録全体を表示

心拍動下冠状動脈バイパス術 （OPCAB） において，新しい中枢側吻合デバイスである Enclose II の有用性，安全性について検討した．2002年1月から2006年12月までに当院において施行した単独 OPCAB 症例100例のうち， aortic connector （例）および PAS-Port （3例）を使用した例を除いた例（平均年齢71.0歳，平均遠位側吻合数2.枝）を対象とし，中枢側吻合手段別に比較検討した．中枢側吻合手段としては， Enclose II （群40例），部分遮断鉗子（ S 群17例）を使用し，aorta no touch（N群）は34例であった．グラフト数において， 群は N 群より有意に多かった（ 群： N 群=2.本：1.本，p<0.0001）．また，遠位側吻合数においても， 群（3.1枝）は S 群（2.枝，p=0.0486）および N 群（1.8枝，p<0.0001） よりも有意に多かった．退院前，84人（92.3%）に術後造影検査を施行したが，術後の早期開存率（ 群：S群： N 群=.1%：97.8%：98.0%）に差はなかった．また，36例に1年後の造影検査を施行したが，1年後開存率（ 群： S 群： N 群=95.8%：.3%：95.2%）においても差はなかった．また，すべての群で術後脳血管障害は認めなかった． Enclose II は安全かつ容易な free graft の中枢側吻合が可能であり，グラフトの選択幅や吻合部位の選択肢を広げることが可能であった．

抄録全体を表示

The serum β-lipoprotein, its bound protein and lipid were assayed by Burstein's method on maternal-fetal pairs, and 148 cases of non-pregnant women for comparison. The serum α-and β-lipoprotein cholesterols were also determined in parallel with the serum β-lipoprotein on the 18 meternal-fetal pairs by the combined method of paper electrophoresis and chemical analysis.
The results observed are as follows;
(1) The serum β-lipoprotein, its bound protein and lipid levels of the non-pregnant women are 267.8±.4mg%. 233.±.14mg% and 48.4±15.8mg% respectively.
(2) The β-lipoprotein, its bound protein and lipid levels of the maternal serum are 516.±.2mg%, 427.±83.mg% and .±19.0mg% respectively, while those values of the fetal serum are 125.3±28.1mg%, 102.±25.0mg% and .±4.1mg% respectively; the meternal levels being four times as much as the fetal levels.
(3) The total serum cholesterol (α-+β-lipoprotein-cholesterol) level is 195.±48.2mg% on the maternal side and 68.2±.4mg% on the fetal side; the former is three times as much as the latter, and the maternal level is almost 1. times higher, but the fetal level is less than one half of the normal value.
(4) The maternal and fetal serum α-lipoprotein -cholesterol levels are 44.±20.mg% and 20.±11.mg% respectively, the former being twice as much as the latter.
() The β-lipoprotein-cholesterols of the maternaland fetal serum are 151.±26.mg% and 44.±28.mg% respectively, the former still being more than three times as much as the latter.
()β-/α-lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio is 3.2±0.88 on the maternal side and 2.±0.59 on the fetal side, the former being 1.2 times as high as the latter.
() The serum β-lipoprotein level parallels those of the serum α-and β-lipoprotein-cholesterols both on the maternal and fetal sides.
(8) The possible explanation concerning great difference between maternal and fetal serum βlipoprotein, α-and β-lipoprotein-cholesterol is discussed with regard to their placental transfer.

抄録全体を表示

Pironetin 1 (PA-48153C) is a novel unsaturated δ-lactone derivative isolated from the fermentation broths of Streptomyces species which shows immunosuppressive and plant growth regulating activities. Several total syntheses of 1 have been reported to date, but we show here a novel approach to 1 via a convergent route using our chiral building block, (1S,S,R)--hydroxybicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one . We dissected pironetin at C-C and employed the coupling of the epoxide 16 with the dithiane 25, which would be derived from , as a key step. The THP ether of was methylated and the following reduction gave an inseparable mixture of four diastereomers 8. After etherification, removal of THP group afforded separable isomers a and b in a ratio of 13 to 1. The desired major isomer a was oxidized to ketone . Oxidation of via silyl enol ether with osmium tetroxide gave ketol 21 in quantitative yield. Reduction of cyclopropylketone moiety of 21 under Birch condition afforded a mixture of a and b. The ketol moiety of a and b was oxidatively cleaved with lead tetraacetate in benzene-methanol to give the single aldo-ester 23. Acetalization of 23 followed by reduction of ester group gave aldehyde 24. Introduction of C2-unit via Takai's protocol as -olefin formation followed by thioacetalization afforded the dithiane 25, as C-C14 unit of pironetin. Meanwhile, the epoxide 16 as C1-C unit was prepared from known epoxy alcohol 3 in steps. Coupling reaction of two units, the dithiane 25 and the the epoxide 16, successfully gave the product with the whole skeleton 26 in high yield. Mercuric ion assisted hydrolysis of the thioacetal 26 gave ketol 27. Selective reduction of β-hydroxyketone 27 by Mori's method afforded and-diol 28a predominantly (: ). Finally, desilylation and oxidation with manganese dioxide afforded pironetin 1.

抄録全体を表示

In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

抄録全体を表示

Eight new sterols, , 8α-epidioxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, , -trihydroxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien--one (2), 3β, , -trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en--one (3), 3β, , , 14α-tetrahydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien--one (4), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, , , -tetrol (), , -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien--one (), , -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en--one () and , -epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, , 14α-triol (8), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

抄録全体を表示

Six new sterols, , ;8α, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (1), , ;8α, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (2), , -epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, -diol (3), (, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -diene-3β, , -triol (4), (, 24R)-23-methulergosta-, -diene-3β, , , -tetrol () and (24S)-ergost--ene-3β, , , -tetrol (), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

抄録全体を表示