This report describes a patient with extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) without involving bone marrow. A 57-year-old man was diagnosed as having acute monoblastic leukemia with t(;11)(p;q23) and trisomy . Ten months after achieving complete response (CR) with chemotherapy, masses developed in his left forearm and in the back of his thigh, preceded by enigmatic peripheral neurological symptoms. Aspiration from the forearm showed leukemic relapse, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the majority of the cells had 11q23 anomaly and tetrasomy . Bone marrow or meningeal relapse was not observed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of clonal evolution associated with the development of myeloid sarcoma as a relapse in AML.

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急性骨髄性白血病(AML)の寛解導入療法において，海外の基礎および臨床研究では，IDRの有用性が数多く報告され，IDRとシタラビン(Ara-C)の組み合わせが治療戦略の主体となっている。われわれは1995年5月から1998年10月までの当科におけるIDRを寛解導入療法に用いた初発AML41例について，その臨床経過，寛解率，再発率，予後について検討した。その成績は当科での92年から95年に行った，寛解導入にDNRを用いたJALSG-AML92登録26例の成績とほぼ同等であった。なお前者では，従来予後良好因子とされているt(;21)(q;q)を有する症例5例が全例再発し，IDRによる寛解導入療法ではこの染色体異常は予後を反映しないことが示唆されたが，CD56陽性など予後不良因子が加味していたことも疑われる。今後長期予後を期待するためには，寛解導入後の地固め療法をより強化することが必要と考えられた。

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帯状疱疹に対するRo-8181の有効性, 安全性および有用性を検討するため, ヒト血清アルブミンを対照薬として, 二重盲検比較試験を行つた。皮膚症状の観察項目別の改善率では, 水疱·膿疱において投与開始後5日目でRo-8181群70%, placebo群50%で, 両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。皮膚症状改善度の推移を著明改善以上の症例についてみると, 投与開始後4日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群%, placebo群0%であり, Fisherの直接計算法で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。また, 投与開始後5日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群15%, placebo群3%であり, κ² 検定で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。主治医による有効性の判定ではU検定でRo-8181群が優れている傾向が認められた。主治医による安全性の判定では副作用発現率がRo-8181群83%, placebo群14%であり, U検定で両群間に差(p<0.001)が認められた。主治医による有用性の判定ではU検定で両群間に差は認められなかつた。以上の結果より, 帯状疱疹に対し, Ro-8181は皮疹のうち水疱·膿疱に対して有効であり, 主治医判定でも有効性が認められたが, 安全性については本薬剤の耐薬性が示されたものの副作用の発現率が高かつたため, 有用性は高くないと考えられた。

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CTAの行政上の取り扱い、歴史、投資戦略等をまず簡単に説明する。CTAとは金融先物、オプション、スワップを対象とした取り引きに関する投資のアドバイスやサービスを個人、ファンドに提供する個人、または組織に対する金融行政上の用語で、正式名はCommodity trading advisorである。CTAという用語は投資信託、ETFを含むヘッジファンド、プライベートファンドへの投資アドバイスにも適応される。CTAs は米国連邦政府による規制対象であり Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) への登録と National Futures Association (NFA) のメンバーになることが義務付けられている。また、CTAはヘッジファンドの投資スタイルのひとつ (Global Macro) でもある。

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Chemical properties of ergosta-4, 6, (14), -tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give 6α, -epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, 7, -trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to 6α, 7α;, -diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, -dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy--hydroxyergosta-4, 7, -triene-3, 6-dione (4) under these reaction conditions.

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The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) recommends the Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) as reference values for preventing adverse health effects on workers caused by occupational exposure to chemical substances, continuous or intermittent noise, impulsive or impact noise, heat stress, cold stress, whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration and time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields and ultraviolet and ionizing radiation.

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In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

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症例は75歳，女性。1997年7月に甲状腺原発非ホジキンリンパ腫の診断を受け，CHOP類似治療を5回受けたが完全寛解が得られず，甲状腺摘出術とetoposideの投与が行われた（1998年2月∼2000年5月，総量16775mg）。2000年6月汎血球減少のため当科に紹介，典型的な骨髄像より治療関連急性前骨髄球性白血病(t-APL)と診断した。染色体分析では20細胞すべてがt(15:17)をもち，さらに4細胞はt(;)を伴っていた。All-trans retinoic acidを中心とした治療により完全寛解が得られ，染色体異常も消失した。10ヵ月後再発したが，染色体異常はt(15:17)のみであった。遺伝子検査をおこなっておらず，t(;)の病状への関与については充分に検討し得ないが，これまでにt(15:17)とt(;)を同時に持つt-APLクローンの報告例はなく，きわめてまれな症例である。

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Intracerebral injection of vegetative myxamoebae of strains of Polysphondylium pallidum caused 80 to 100% mortality in mice, whereas a 30 to 50% mortality occurred with strains of Dictyostelium giganteum and D. mucoroides. Death is attributable to an unidentified toxic factor. Histopathologically a giant cell formation was seen in the spleen of mice. This cell was different from Langerhan's or foreign body giant cell. Rats injected intracerebrally behaved similarly. Intranasal instillation of myxamoebae in guinea pigs caused transient pneumonia. Myxamoebae do not multiply in the brain tissues of mice or rats, or in the lungs of guinea pigs.
Intranasal instillation of vegetative myxamoebae is less pathogenic than free living amoebae like Hartmanella culbertsoni, H. rhysodes, Naegleria sp. (Culbertson strain HB-1), or Naegleria aerobia.

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症例は50歳男性。汎血球減少の精査目的で入院。骨髄検査では芽球38%, 前骨髄球20%, Faggot細胞陽性。染色体検査で46, XY, t(15;17)(q;q12)[]/46, XY, del(6)(q?), t(;)(q34;q11.2)[1]/46, XY[10], RT-PCR法でPML-RARA 5.2×10⁴ copies/μgRNA, minor BCR-ABL 6.5×10² copies/μgRNAが検出された。急性前骨髄球性白血病としてall-trans retinoic acidで治療し，51日目に血液学的寛解に到達した。寛解時の染色体は46, XY[20]であり，PML-RARA 2.4×10² copies/μgRNA, minor BCR-ABLは検出感度以下であった。本例のt(15;17)とt(;)は別クローン由来と考えられ，転座に対応するキメラ遺伝子も証明された。同様の報告はこれまでなく，貴重な症例と考える。

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In order to study the mechanisms of bone resorption induced by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the author analyzed bone resorbing substances released into the medium by an established SCC cell line Ca - PF. This cell line was derived from human gingival SCC and cultured in a protein-free medium. The analysis of bone resorption was carried out by the measurement of released ⁴⁵Ca from pre-labeled mouse calvariae.
The results were as follows:
1) A dose dependent stimulation of bone resorbing activity was found by adding the cultured supernatant of Ca - PF cells.
2) The bone resorption was due to the formation and activation of osteoclasts, because the stimulation was found only in live calvariae and was reduced by calcitonin treatment.
3) About half of the ⁴⁵Ca release stimulating effect was inhibited by indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin production.
4) When the conditioned medium was fractionated by gel chromatography, the bone resorbing activity was found in multiple fractions. The molecular size in each fraction having a bone resorbing activity was 12000-16000, 16000-20000, 35000 and larger than 50000, respectively.
5) The bone resorbing substance having the MW 12000-16000 was identified as IL-la by a specific radioimmunoassay and neutralization by antibody.
6) The substance having the MW 16000-20000 was identified as PTHrP by stimulation of cAMP production in ROS 17/2 cells and by the Northern blot hybridization.
7) The substance having the MW 35000 was identified as PDGF- by stimulation of proliferation in BALB 3 T 3 fibroblasts and neutralization by antibody.
) In addition to IL-1α, IL-1 β, PTHrP and PDGF-, the substances responsible for the stimulated bone resorption were identified as TGFα and TGFβ by the Northern blot analysis.
) The conditioned media of other SCC cell lines, HSC-2 PF, HSC-3 PF, HSC-4 PF, A 431 PF and ZAPF, also showed bone resorbing activity similar to Ca - PF. Bone resorbing factors were also identified to be about the same as those produced in Ca - PF by the Northern blot hybridization.
In conclusion, it was speculated that the synergistic action of these substances produced by SCC are responsible for a marked increase in osteoclastic bone resorption and malignancy associated hypercalcemia.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of long-term ethanol and acetaldehydeconsumption on histopathological changes in rat tongue epithelium.
One hundredeight male Wistar rats (300g body weight) were divided into 4 groups. The ethanol group (n=29) was given a 5% ethanol diet (ORIENTAL YEAST). The control group (n=33) was fed a control diet (ORIENTAL YEAST). Moreover, the tongue epithelium was coated daily with acetaldehyde () at a concentration of 180m M in the daily (n=) and ethanol+ groups (n=24). Animals were killed after 24 weeks. Their tongues were removed, and dorsal, lateral, and sublingual sites. Were studied histologically by H- staining, histochemical anti-PCNA staining, and SEM.
In the and ethanol+ groups, the keratic thickness of the dorsal and sublingual sites had significantly increased (: p<0.05, ethanol+ : p<0.01, vs control and Ethanol groups). Epithelial thickness and cell number in the three sites did not significantly differ among the groups. In the ethanol, , and ethanol+ groups, PCNA positive cells in the basal layer increased considerably (p<0.01, vs control group). Moreover, in the and ethanol+ groups, PCNA-positive cells in the lower 1/3 of the epithelial layers significantly increased (p<0.01, vs control and ethanol groups). Nine cases of hyperkeratosis were found at the dorsal prominence of the tongue, 1 in the ethanol group (3.4%), 2 in the group (.1%) and 6 in the ethanol+ group (25.0%).
Acetaldehyde, a primary metabolite of ethanol may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of tongue cancer in the rat.

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Callipeltin A (1) is a cyclodepsipeptide from water sponge collected at New Caledonia. This compound shows anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities against KB and P388 cells and contains three new amino acid residues. β-methoxytyrosine (β-MeOTyr) (4), (2R,3R,4S)-4-amino-7-guanidino-2,-3-dihydroxyheptanoic acid (AGDHE) (5), (3S,4R)-3,4-dimethyl-L-glutamine (diMeGln) (6). In addition, two new truncated open-chain derivatives of Callipeltin A (1), named Callipeltin D (2) and (3) were isolated. The unique structure and intriguing biological activities of this compound led us to explore total synthesis of Callipeltin A (1) and to elucidate stereochemistry of β-MeOTyr (4). We started to synthesize Callipeltin (3) which contains β-MeOTyr (4). In order to synthesize four stereoisomer of β-MeOTyr (4), we attempted Evans anti or syn-Aldol reaction as a key step. Evans direct anti-aldol reaction with chiral benzyloxazolidinones () and p-hydroxy benzaldehyde () promoted by catalytic amounts of MgCl_2 in the presence of triethylamine and chlorotrimethylsilane. This proceder provide 3:1 diastereoselelctivity and 70% yield of isolated anti-aldol product (10). And Enolizalion of isocyanate oxazolidinone (13) with di-n-butylboryl trifrate and diisopropylethylamine followed by treatment with aldehyde afford syn-aldol product 14 affording 88% yield and 1:5 anti: sin diastereomeric ratio. On the other hand, we tried Sharpless Asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) and Aminohydroxylation () to give all four stereoisomers of β-MeOTyr. Treatment of olefin (18) with AD-mix α provided diol (19) and the α position alcohol of 19 was converted to sulfone regioselectively followed by azidation and treatment of 20 with PPh_3 to afford aziridine (21). Addition of aziridine (21) and BF_3・Et_2O in methanol produced α-amino β-methoxy adduct (). reaction protocol with t-butylcarbamate was successfully applied to afford desired in single step. Now we construct Callipeltin to determine absolute stereochemistry of β-MeOTyr (4). In addition, we report the synthesis of diMeGln (6) and (2R,3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-2-4-6-trimethyl hepanoic acid (7).

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