Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, , a, 7, , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (a and ) were synthesized. Compounds a and were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated a and (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), a (trans) and (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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11-Amino-, a, 7, , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (a-) and -oxepines (7a-) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of , a, 7, , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (1a, )and -oxepines (2a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products a- and 5a-, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) a and 7a, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) and 7, trans(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)c and 7c, and trans(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) and 7, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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By employing an undrained cyclic loading ring-shear apparatus, a series of tests to reproduce the dynamic behavior of the Nikawa landslide induced by the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, is conducted. The test sample is Osaka-group coarse sandy soil taken from the landslide. The initial stress condition acting on a soil element in the sliding surface is applied to the sample. Based on the seismic records monitored at the JR Takarazuka Station, the input seismic wave is synthesized to reproduce the seismic stress acting on the sliding surface. The test results show that the soil failed due to the dynamic loading of the earthquake. The most important results are the excess pore water pressure generation and the acceleration of shear displacement continuing after the main shock. Combined with the grain crushing at the shear zone and the volume reduction in the drained constant-speed ring-shear test, the mechanism of this landslide is interpreted as, shear displacement causing grain crushing in the shear zone and volume reduction, and then resulting in a localized liquefaction phenomenon, "sliding-surface liquefaction". This geotechnical simulation test provides a reasonable interpretation of this highly mobile landslide.

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A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins C and . MDA increased from . ± 2. (placebo) to .48 ± 1.2 (A) and .02 ± 1. nmol/gHb (). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19.3 ± .2 (P) to 23. ± . (A) and 24.1 ± 5. μmol/L (). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2.81 (P) to .02 ± 2.92 (A) and .39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from 0. ± 0.28 (P) to 1.24 ± 0.29 (A) and 1.08 ± 0.12 μmol/g Hb (). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in ; GRx decreased 27% in A and 5.5% in ; GPx decreased 12% in A and .% in . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins C and should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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Two new polyacetylene compounds (, , 12)-1-acetoxy-3-isovaleryloxytetradeca-, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (), and (, , 12)-1-acetoxy-3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tetradeca-, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (C) have been isolated along with (, , 12)-1-acetoxy-3-senecioyloxytetradeca-, , 12-trien-, 10-diyn-14-ol (A) from Atractylodes Rhizome (Karabyakujutu). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectral data.

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This study was performed to clarify which factors affected damage to tame-ike (small embankment dams for irrigation) in Hokudan Town as a result of the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. Factors were assumed to be : Location (.g., Distance to Epicenter, etc.), Structure (.g., Angle to Nearest Fault, Embankment Volume, etc.), Soil Properties of Embankment, Geology of Dam Site and History (Era of Construction, Repaired, etc.). Multivariate statistical analyses were performed for documentary data (damaged : 181, undamaged : 328). Ordinary statistical analyses were conducted for the data investigated in situ for soil properties of the embankment. The results show that the factors causing damage to dam are : (1) Nearest Fault (Nojima, Mizukoshi and 2), (2) Distance to Nearest Fault (less than 500 m), (3) Distance to Epicenter (approximately to 14 km, which almost agrees with the location of seismic intensity 7 JMA), () Elevation of Dam Site (higher than 100 m), (5) Embankment Volume (the greater the volume the more damage was caused), () Direction of Dam Axis (normal or diagonal to the epicenter or to nearest the fault), (7) Plan View of Dam Axis (3 or axes), () Surface Geology of Dam Site (non-cohesive soil type ground), () Era of Construction (prior to 1891) and (10) Soil Properties of Embankment (sand, not silty sand or gravel, penetration resistance that is 10% smaller than the undamaged dams).

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%),

D₁

(

9

.5%), A₀ (7.

4

%),

B2₂

(5.3%) and

B2₃

(

4

.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(

6

’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.5 and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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The Beckmann rearrangement of aliphatic ketone oximes, R(CHs)C=NOH (R=Et (1); n-Pr (2); iso-Pr (3); iso-Bu ()), with polyphosphoric acid (PPA), polyphosphate ester (PPE), and ester of phosphoric acid (2 P-5 R) was carried out and migratory ratios ((a)/() in eq. (1)) were determined, The results are shown in Fig.1, 2, and 3, respectively.
In Fig.1 and 2, the migratory ratios decrease with reaction time and nearly approach to the ratios of anti-alkyl form/syn-alkylform in benzene(A1) or DMSO(A2)except for (3) (See Table 1). From this fact, it has been found that PPA and PPE are inactive for isomerization of the oximes andanti-alkyl oximes rearrange faster than syn-alkyl ones. ln the case of (3), migratery ratios are smaller than Ai or A2. As acetonitrile is detected by GLC, it is presumed that fission has been occurred simultaneously with rearrangement in anti-alkyl oxime (eq. (3)). In the case of 2 P-5 R, all modes of the reaction arethe same as in above, except that the rate of fission is tnuch faster than that in PPA and PPE.
The reaction of anti-alkyl ketone oximes having a bulky grouphas been greatly influenced by the use of sterically demanding catalysts such asPPA, PPE, and 2 P-5 R.

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A new analytical method is proposed for determining the inextensible grid reinforcement pullout resistance and pullout force/pullout displacement curve by using basic backfill soil and grid reinforcement properties. The pullout skin friction resistance/pullout displacement relationship is simulated by linear elastic-perfectly plastic model. A hyperbolic model has been proposed to represent the pullout bearing resistance/pullout displacement relationship in which the maximum bearing resistance of a single bearing member is determined using a new bearing capacity equation proposed in this paper. The influences of the grid bearing member spacing ratio, S/, the bearing member deflection rigidity, and the pullout softening behavior on the mobilization of pullout bearing resistance are explicitly included in the proposed model. Good agreement has been obtained between calculated values and laboratory test results.

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.5mol%Ni-.0mol%Mo-.5mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.5mol%Ni-2.5mol%Mo-30.5mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
P₂:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.5mol%Ni-33.7mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.mol%W-17.mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-7.0mol%W-.0mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.mol%Ni-.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
P₂:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus G_max and the undrained shear strength c_u with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey G_f. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding G_max behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate c_u"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory K_o test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".

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The rate dependent nature of liquefied sand was investigated by laboratory shear tests. Since previous experience has revealed the many difficulties inherent in maintaining the state of liquefaction of a sandy specimen, new measures were attempted. The test results indicate that the measured shear stress consists of frictional and rate dependent components, and a viscosity coefficient was assessed from the latter component. The measured viscosity varies with the rate of strain as well as the magnitude of strain itself. A similar test on a dry specimen revealed less viscosity and implied that a major part of rate dependency comes from the behavior of pore liquid in the case of water-saturated sand. It was interesting, moreover, that sand with fines was of less viscosity. Finally, a numerical analysis was conducted on a real liquefaction-induced ground deformation and the results were consistent with the observation.

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The correction factor (η_ie) for the ultimate bearing capacity of a footing placed adjacent to a slope, taking into account the combined effect of horizontal and vertical seismic loads, represented by horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients, k_h and k_v, respectively, was derived using a modified Janbu's slice method. The influence of slope angles ‘α’ on the values of ‘η_ie’ are studied here. It was found that the values of η_ie can be expressed as an exponential function of ‘k_h/(1-k_v)’ and ‘α’, with a measurable interdependency between ‘α’ and ‘η_ie’. The influence of ‘α’ on the value of ‘η_ie’ increases as the input value of ‘k_h/(1-k_v)’ increases. Equations derived based on the analytical results are proposed to account for this effect. Based on the analyses of 11 near-fault seismographers obtained in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, a ratio between the vertical and the horizontal seismic coefficients, λ, of between ±0.25 is suggested for including the combined effect of vertical and horizontal seismic forces in evaluating the seismic bearing capacity of footings located in near-fault areas.

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At present, analytical or empirical formula for seismic bearing capacity of footings adjacent to slopes is not available. This study uses a pseudo-static-based approach in conjunction with rigorous Janbu's slice method to derive analytical values of seismic bearing capacity factors (N_γ) and correction factors for the effects of inertia of soil mass and load inclinations for a rigid footing adjacent to cohesionless slopes. It is shown that both the bearing capacity factors (N_γ) and the correction factors for the seismic bearing capacity of footings placed on level ground derived herein are comparable with those reported in the literature. Empirical equations regarding the effects of slope angles and load inclinations, expressed using generalized forms of those proposed in the literature, are also derived. It is also found that the empirical equations derived in the present study provide values of correction factors in good agreements with the analytical ones, indicating the validity of using these empirical equations for assessing the bearing capacity of rigid footings situated on the slope subjected to pseudo-static seismic loading.

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A sample of [³H] tobrarnycin (5, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
tiirough of the messenger RNA.

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