フロースルー免疫測定法によるインフルエンザ迅速検査キット, ラピッドテスタFLU (第一化学薬品) についての検討を行った. 2002/03シーズンのインフルエンザ様疾患患者から採取した鼻腔拭い液239検体と鼻腔吸引液268検体 (16歳以上133検体, 16歳未満374検体) を用い, ウイルス分離およびnested RT-PCRと比較した. ウイルス分離の陽性率は66.%で, A香港型44.%, 型.%であった. PCRで補正したウイルス分離との比較では, 鼻腔拭い液でのA型インフルエンザの感度は81.% (77/), 特異度は97.% (142/145), 一致率は91.6% (219/239), 型インフルエンザの感度は80.% (52/65), 特異度は.3% (171/174), 一致率は93.3% (223/239) であった. 鼻腔吸引液でのA型インフルエンザの感度は83.2% (109/131), 特異度は.% (135/137), 一致率は91.% (244/268), 型インフルエンザの感度は82.% (43/52), 特異度は97.% (211/216), 一致率は.8% (254/268) であった. 特異度が高く偽陽性が極めて少ない点と, 判定時間が約10分間と短い点が本キットの特徴である. 抗インフルエンザ薬投与の判断に際し, 診断補助として有用性が高いと思われる.

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Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were tested for cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells in a study utilizing a chemically induced cancer ofthe bladder (transitional cell carcinoma), -47, in inbred ACI/N rats. From tumors grown after subcutaneous implantation of -47 in the rats TIL were separated by density gradient centrifugation and incubated in plastic dishes for separation of non-adherent from adherent cells. The non-adherent cells were further fractionated into T and cells by the panning method using anti-rat F(')₂ antibody. The cell fractions were each added to -47 in culture to be assessed for antitumor effect by the crystal violet dye exclusion method and 3H-thymidine incorporation inhibition assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were also tested as described above. TIL expressed significantly higher cytotoxicity against -47 with the mean % cytotoxicity of 56.6±.6% and 87.±.1% at /T ratios of 10:1 and 20:1, respectively, as compared to PBMC(.±.% at /T 10:1) (P<.001). The adherent cells, and T cell fractions showed respective % cytotoxicity of 92.4±2.8%, 57.±10.6% and .±.8% at an /T ratio of 10:1. TIL pretreated with IFN or rIL-2 for 24or 48 hours did not exhibit any noticeably enhanced antitumor activity at an /T ratio of :1. Prevention of direct contact of -47 cells and TIL by an interposed Millipore membrane () resulted in an unequivocal reduction of antitumor effect. This finding clearly indicates that the direct contact with -47cells and TIL is necessary for TIL to manifest their cytotoxicity against the autologous tumor cells, suggesting that TIL exhibit autologous tumor killing activity through cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins C and . MDA increased from 6. ± 2.8 (placebo) to 8.48 ± 1.2 (A) and 8.02 ± 1.8 nmol/gHb (). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19.3 ± 4.2 (P) to 23.8 ± 6.4 (A) and 24.1 ± .4 μmol/L (). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2.81 (P) to 8.02 ± 2.92 (A) and .39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from . ± .28 (P) to 1.24 ± .29 (A) and 1.08 ± .12 μmol/g Hb (). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in ; GRx decreased 27% in A and .% in ; GPx decreased 12% in A and .6% in . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins C and should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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Serum vitamin concentration was analysed in 59 (27 males and 32 females) free-living, healthy, middle-income volunteers with mean age of about 68 years (range, 63-73) from the Nagano City area in Japan. We assessed the vitamin status of this population using two criteria, i.., serum vitamin concentration and the ratio of vitamin (mg) to triglycerides plus cholesterol (g) in serum. Averages (±SD) of serum vitamin concentration of the population including both males and females were .±.26mg/dl in July and .±.mg/dl in December. In each season, about 15% of the population had a value of less than .mg/dl and were assessed to be under low or marginal vitamin status including only one deficient subject (.46mg/dl) in July according to the first criterion. Averages of the ratio of vitamin to lipid level (triglycerides plus cholesterol) in serum were 3.06±.78mg/g in July and 3.15±.76mg/g in December. In the latter season, the vitamin status of one subject was assessed to be in inadequate according to the second criterion. In this population, the values of both lipid peroxides and relative fluorescence intensities in serum, and urinary creatine-to-creatinine ratio were normal in the subjects assessed to have low or marginal vitamin by its concentration in serum. These results suggest that the vitamin status of this population was acceptable, and that the ratio of vitamin to lipid level seems to be a more reliable criterion for the assessment of vitamin status than its serum concentration.

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In this study, we synthesized two series of novel -nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a–h and – in addition to a third series of thiophene-2-carbohydrazides 23a–g to develop potent antimicrobial and/or antitubercular agents. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activities. Most of the -nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a–h and – displayed variable activity against Aspergillus fumigates, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillis subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The sulfonamide derivative 21f exhibited superior potency and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=.06–. µg/mL and antimycobacterial activity with MIC=3. µg/mL. The -nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a, , g, h and –c exhibited significant antibacterial activity with MIC values in the range of .12–.81 µg/mL. The significances of the -nitrofuran moiety and sulfonamide function were explored via the structure–activity relationship (SAR) study. In addition, docking studies revealed that the p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) and binding pockets of the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) were successfully occupied by compound 21f. Furthermore, two quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models were built to explore the structural requirements which controlled the activity.

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　We fabricated Ni films on a Polyimide (PI) film and an Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) resin substrate using unbalanced magnetron sputtering assisted by inductively coupled plasma. For the PI film, the effect of ion irradiation was controlled by substrate DC bias V_S and magnetic flux density toward the substrate . For the ABS resin substrate, the effect of ion irradiation was controlled by target DC power P_T and magnetic flux density toward the substrate . For each substrate, we investigated the effect of ion irradiation on the Ni film structures in detail. The effect of ion irradiation was estimated by measured physical quantities with respect to sputtered atom flux, ion flux and ion energy. From x-ray diffraction measurement, the crystallite size t₍₁₁₁₎ increased with the effect of ion irradiation. Minimum film resistivities of .×10⁻⁶ and 1.4×10−

5

Ωcm were measured for

B_C

=3 mT and

E

=

0

.24 on the PI film and

B_C

=

5

mT and

E

=

0

.

98

on the ABS resin substrate, respectively. We conclude that controlling the effect of ion irradiation is effective for high quality Ni film formation on the PI film and the ABS resin substrate.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb¹⁵² activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586. keV +→2₁⁺ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M1-2 mixing ratio, δ², and the dimensionless ratio X of -2 mixing of the 586. keV transition are obtained to be δ²≤.16 and .034≤X≤.038, respectively. The 2 branching ratio (2; +→+): (2; +→2₁⁺): (2; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be .023 : 1. : .6.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1-2 mixing ratio δ, and the -2 mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=1.52−

0.22

+

0.26

, and μ_k≤6.1×10⁻⁴ respectively. The

E

2 branching ratio

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→

0_g

+):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→2₁⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0₁⁺) is determined to be

0

.0158:1.

0

:

5

.86.

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　AFB₁抗体の封入のために，コメ籾殻灰からのシリカの抽出ならびにイムノアフィニティカラム（IAC）のマトリクスとしての適用を行った．コメ籾殻灰抽出は4M NaOHで行い，シリカゲル合成のためのNa₂SiO₃が得られた．得られたシリカはゾル-ゲル法により，AFB₁抗体の封入のために使われた．

　1 mlの1M Na₂SiO₃:H₂O:H₃PO₄（

.43:.11:.46）は，pH で，1.36 mgの-AFB₁を封入するのに適したシリカゲルを産生した．

　48時間のエイジング後，AFB₁抗体修飾されたシリカゲル（SG-

- AFB₁）は粉砕され，アフラトキシン精製用のIACのマトリクスとして充填された．修飾されたシリカゲルは，FTIRとSEMにより観察された．SG-- AFB₁のIACとしての性能はAF回収率，負荷能，再利用可能性で評価された．AFB₁の回収率は.11 ± 4.62%であった．AFB₁に加えて，本カラムはAFB₂，AFG₁とAFG₂を，それぞれ. ± 3.74%，92. ± .62%，83.00 ± 6.31%という回収率で回収できた．

　

.gのSG-- AFB₁を充填した本カラムは，カラム1本当たり50 ngのAFを結合する能力を持ち，少なくとも回は，回収率80%以上で再利用可能であった．

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Approximately 99% of the fat in huma milk is secreted into the alveoli by the mammary secretory epithelial cell (lactocyte) in membrane bound milk fat globules (MFG). The MFG, unlike small molecules such as lactose, have little effect on the osmotic balance between milk and blood and therefore they can be stored in large amounts in the alveolar lumen.Approximately % of the fat in the MFG are tri-acylglycerols (TAG). Importantly, different species, . g. women, rabbits, cows and elephants, have distinctive combinations of fatty acids esterified as TAG in their milk.We have measured 24-h milk production, fat content and fatty acid composition at 1, 2, 4, 6, , and 12 months of lactation in women.Mean (±SD) milk production (375.-1: 153.mL/24-h/breast) differed between breasts, between women and with stage of lactation (p<.05). Whereas the fat content (35.±.86g/L) and the percentage composition of 18: 1n (32.24±3.3), 18: 2n6 (.18±2.66), 18: 3n3 (.76±.21), 20: 4n6 (.37±.07), : n3 (.17±.04), and : 6n3 (.2±.07) differed only between women and with stage of lactation (p<.05).In contrast, the amount delivered to the infant differed (p<.05) between women only for 18: 3n3, : n3 and : 6n3 and no differences in amounts delivered were observed for any of these fatty acids from 1 to 12 months of lactation.Each child received a mean (±SD) of 8.27-2.84 g 18: 1n; 2.38±.g 18: 2n6;194±73mg 18: 3n3;92±31mg 20: 4n6;43±14 mg : n3 and 49±21 mg : 6n3 every 24-h from breastmilk over the first year of life.These results indicate that variation in percentage composition of individual fatty acids (.g.18: 2n6) does not always translate to variation in the amount delivered to the infant.
Milk fat not only accounts for approximately 50% of the infant's energy intake, but also is responsible for the supply of the essential and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are required for the optimal development of the infant.For example, arachidonic acid (20: 4n6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20: n3) are essential precursors for the synthesis of prostaglandins and immunomodulatory eicosanoids.On the other hand, docosahexaenoic acid (: 6n3, DHA) is a major polyunsaturated fatty acid in the membranes of the cerebral cortex and retina and higher intakes of DHA have been associated with higher ratings in intelligence tests particularly in children born prematurely. Fatty acids and mono-acylglycerols released by hydrolysis of TAG in the infant's digestive tract have a detergent like lytic action and inactivate enveloped viruses, gram positive and gram negative bacteria, fungi and protozoa.The membrane surrounding the human MFG contains mucin filaments that may act as a decoy to pathogenic micro-organisms ( coli).Micro-organisms recognise mucin filaments as membrane docking sites from which to launch an invasive infection and are thereby lured away from the membrane docking sites on the epithelial cells lining the infant's digestive tract.
Despite the importance of milk fat to the infant, it is the most variable component of human milk.It varies, over the course of a feed, over the course of the day, with stage of lactation, from one lactation to the next, between breasts, and between women. The major predictors of the fat content of milk over the course of a day have been shown to be the length of the interval between breastfeeds, the fat content at the end of the previous breastfeed, the amount of milk removed at the previous breastfeed and the amount of milk removed at the current feed.However, we have found that the fat content of milk is determined primarily by the amount of milk (degree of fullness) in the breast.For example, if the baby sleeps overnight, the mother's breasts will be full of milk in the morning and the fat content of fore-milk (milk obtained before a breastfeed) will be very low.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,,6β-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3, and 6 did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at .1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C-6 of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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The purpose of this cohort study was to identify the predictors of lifestyle-related disorders, such as dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and liver dysfunction in Japanese young male workers. As candidates for the predictors, we chose obesity at entry and weight gain. The study subjects were 166 Japanese male workers aged 28 to 35 years at two printing plants in Tokyo who showed no blood abnormalities on 6 chemistry items, i.

e

., total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid (UA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT); the subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire survey in 1993, and underwent blood examinations in 2000. Covariates we included in the models were age, drinking habit, smoking habit and regular exercise. Linear regression models revealed that weight gain was consistently associated with the above 6 blood chemistry items at endpoint, whereas obesity was not a better predictive variable than weight gain except for UA. Logistic regression models showed that the odds ratios (ORs) of each % weight gain were 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): .-2.28] for high TC, 1.27 (.88-1.84) for high UA, 2.61 (1.32-.18) for high ALT, and 1.88 (1.14-3.11) for high GGT. The ORs of obesity were 3.05 (.-.50) for high TC, 3.88 (1.40-10.8) for high UA, 4. (1.05-23.) for high ALT, and 1.78 (.43-.31) for GGT. In conclusion, for a period during which workers do not undergo blood tests, weight gain, in combination with obesity, may be used as a predictor of the later occurrence of blood abnormalities.

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要旨：維持血液透析（HD）患者における運動誘発性ゼロTBI サイン（-ZETS）の有用性は不明である。そこでHD 患者において安静時にゼロTBI サインを認めた 趾（r-ZETS 群），-ZETS が出現した 趾（-ZETS 群）および-ZETS が出現しなかった63 趾（非-ZETS 群）の臨床所見および予後を比較した。-ZETS 群の下肢血行動態は，r-ZETS 群と非-ZETS 群の中間的位置にあった。また，36 カ月間の追跡調査の結果，-ZETS 群はr-ZETS への移行を回避する率（63.6％）が，非-ZETS 群（.4％）より顕著に低かった（p<.001）。HD 患者の-ZETS はr-ZETS に先行して現れ，足趾の高度な灌流障害の予兆として有用であると考えられた。

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One of the most efficient method to synthesize optically pure natural products is to start off with chiral synthon. We synthesized three new chiral synthons (2R,3R)-4, (4R,S)-27, and (S)-(-)-34 on the basis of the following two concepts; (1) to utilize the highly stereoselective chemical method to establish the relative configuration, (2) to carry out the kinetic resolution of racemates by ester-cleaving enzymes (lipase) at the next step. The Zn(BH_4)_2 reduction of β-keto ester (±)-3 afforded the alcohol (±)-syn-1 in high diastereoselectivity. The saponification of the corresponding acetate (±)-4 using the lipase "Amano A" proceeded enantioselectively to give acetate (2R,3R)-4 (48% yield, >99%ee) and alcohol (2S,3S)-1 (51% yield, %ee). The epoxidation of methyl sorbate followed by addition of thiophenol provided (±)- stereospecifically. The enantioselective esterification of (±)- using the lipase "PL266" in the presence of isopropenyl acetate gave alcohol (4R,S)- (49.%, >99%ee) and acetate (4S,R)-23 (50.2%, %ee). The successful conversion of C-S into C-O bond at C_4 chiral center in stereo retentive manner was carried out to give (4S,S)-21 which was converted into ketal (4R,S)-27 via three steps. The coupling reaction of methyl 4,-epoxy-(2)-pentenoate 33 and m-methoxy toluene in the presence of lewis acid provided two alcohols 34 (23%) and 35 (49%). The enantioselective hydrolysis of acetate (±)-36 derived from 34 using the lipase "MY-30" gave alcohol (S)-(-)-34 (85%ee). The enzymatic esterification of this chiral compound using same lipase achieved the enrichment of optical purity. In result, we obtained (S)-(-)-36 (%ee). These chiral compound were applicable to the syntheses of (-)-Oudemansins A, and X, L-Acosamine, and (S)-(+)-Curcudiol.

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