In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and ° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

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A full account is given of the chemical behavior observed for , -dialkyladeninium salts (16). On treatment with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH for 60min, 16a, b, d, (X=I), 16c (X=Br), and 16f (X=ClO₄) rearranged to isomeric N⁶, -dialkyladenines (21a-f) in 50-91% yields. Treatment of the salts with 0.5N aqueous Na₂CO₃ at room temperature for 30-min or with Amberlite CG-400 (OH^-) in H₂O at room temperature gave the ring-opened derivatives a-f (in the trans-formamide form) in 56-83% yields, and rate constants for the ring-opening reactions of 16a, b, d-g (X=ClO₄) and 16c (X=Br) leading to a-g were determined in H₂O at pH . and ionic strength 0.50 at 25°C. Cyclization of a with NaH in AcNMe₂ at room temperature or with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH produced 21a in % or 72% yield, respectively.In solution, the trans-formamides seemed to transform slowly into the cis-formamides 23, attaining equilibria. The existence of such an equilibrium in D₂O or Me₂SO-d₆ at 25°C or in H₂O at pH . and ionic strength 0.50 at 25°C was kinetically confirmed in the case of a, and the mechanism of the rearrangement of 16 to 21 through is discussed on the basis of the above kinetic results and Deslongchamps' theory of stereoelectronic control. On treatment with NaBH₄ in MeOH at room temperature, 16a (X=I) furnished the , 8-dihydro derivative 28 (% yield), which slowly decomposed in H₂O at 60°C to give a in 49% yield.The , -dialkyladeninium salts (16) were found to be obtainable from N'-alkoxy-1-alkyl-5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamidines () through an alternative synthetic route : Alkylations of with alkyl halides in HCONMe₂ in the absence of base, followed by hydrogenolysis of the N'-alkoxy group and cyclizatio (or vice versa) produced 16 in acceptable yields. In order to interpret the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a, the 2-deuterated species 26 was also synthesized from 24 via 25 and 27.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,5α,6β-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3, 5 and 6 did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C-6 of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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外見上健康なヒトおよび各種動物 (ウシ, ブタ, ニワトリ, 野犬, 淡水魚類) のふん便 (含腸管内容) について, ヒトに対する病原大腸菌の保菌状況の検討を行なった. その結果, 保菌率の高いものはウシ (.6%) で, 以下野犬, ニワトリ, ブタ, 淡水魚類, ヒトの順であった. ヒトおよび各種動物間に共通して多くみられた血清型はO 128, O 55, O , O 86, O であった. なおウシにおける出現は初冬に多く初夏に少ない傾向が見られた.

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Chemical synthesis of (, 24R)- and (, 24S)-1, 24-dihydroxy--vitamin D₃ has been achieved starting with the commercially available dinorcholenic acid acetate. Synthesis involved introduction of the 1-hydroxy group by a reduction of the 1, 2-epoxide generated by epoxidation of the 1, 4, 6-trien-3-one. The side chain on the steroid was then constructed by means of a Wittig reaction followed by introduction of the bond by standard methods and its protection with 1-phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazoline-3, 5-dione. Subsequent reduction of the hydroxy groups in the steroid side chain followed by reduction of the Diels-Alder addition products yielded the both 24-isomers. The 5, -dienes were irradiated and the corresponding vitamin D compounds isolated. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to identify individual isomers. The (, 24S)-1, 24-hydroxyvitamin D₃ compound bound equally well to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor as 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, while the 24R-isomer was approximately ten times less active. In vivo, both isomers were less active than 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ ; however, the 24S-isomer was considerably more active than the 24R-isomer approaching the activity of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃.

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Eight new sterols, 5α, 8α-epidioxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-6, -dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, 5α, -trihydroxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien-6-one (2), 3β, 5α, -trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one (3), 3β, 5α, , 14α-tetrahydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (4), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6α, -tetrol (5), 5α, -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (6), 5α, -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one () and 5α, 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, , 14α-triol (8), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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Six new sterols, 5α, 6α;8α, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (1), 5α, 6α;8α, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (2), 5α, 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, -diol (3), (, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (4), (, 24R)-23-methulergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6β, -tetrol (5) and (24S)-ergost--ene-3β, 5α, 6β, -tetrol (6), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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Fatty acid compositions of neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) have been analyzed for a unique sample of Ophiuroidea (brittle star) Ophiura sarsi containing novel nonmethylene-interruped (NMI) fatty acids, ,-icosadienoic (20:2), ,,17Z-icosatrienoic (20:3), ,,19Z-docosatrienoic (:3), and 4Z,,,19Z-docosatetraenoic (:4) acids. All of the NMI fatty acids were concentrated in NL (mainly triacylglycerols) rather than in PL (mainly phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines). On the other hand, 6,,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3) usually observed in Ophiuroidea lipids was found in PL at higher concentration than in NL. Biological property and origin of the novel NMI fatty acids appear to be different from those of 24:6n-3.

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The paper examines how well standard sources of impact sounds(bang-machine, A-ball, NF-ball, new rubber ball)imitate real impact sounds(human jumping and hopping).The compared sounds were described from psychoacoustic point of view.At the same time similarities between the impact sounds were judged in the psychoacoustic experiment.Results were compared with the existing standards expressed in F- and S-maximum sound levels:L_{A max, F}, L_{A max, S} and sound exposure level L_AE.

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Virgin females heterozygous for, several sex-linked genes were subjected to X-ray treatment to increase the occurrence of primary non-disjunctional females. The percentage of homozygosis among these females for loci tested was as follows: sc (3.0) 26., c (23.5) 31.1, mt (68.5) 37.8, s (.5) .2, sb (109.) 28., ap (114.) 26.3, rg (132.0) 17., (146) 4.2. The decrease of homozygosis toward the bobbed end of the chromosome indicates that the spindle-fiber attachment is located at that end.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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Stereoselective synthesis of , - and , Z-β-ionylideneacetaldehydes was accomplished from the β-ionone tricarbonyl iron complex, and the latter was converted to Z-retinoic acid.

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α-Catenin (α-cat), one of the -cadherin (-cad) associated cytoplasmic proteins that forms linkages to the cytoskeleton, regulates the functions of -cad. Since the expression of -cad, an intercellular adhesion molecule, has been suggested to contribute to metastasis of the same type of tumor, I hypothesized that the examination of α-cat may also help to evaluate the ability of a tumor to metastasize. In the present study, therefore, the expression of α-cat in oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) obtained by biopsy from patients was examined immunohistochemically with the use of a monoclonal antibody. The relationship between the staining patterns for α-cat and clinicopathological findings was analyzed and compared with that for -cad.α-Cat showed circumferential staining and/or cytoplasmic staining in SCC cells, while -cad showed circumferential staining. The expression of α-cat and -cad was classified as follows: 1) positive, almost all cells were strongly stained and the staining was equivalent to that in normal oral squamous cells; 2) weakly positive, some cells were stained, but the remaning cells were not stained or were weakly stained. 3) negative, almost all cells were not stained. The incidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes in cases negative for α-cat was significantly higher (66.%) than that in the combined total of positive and weakly positive cases (23.3%)(p=0.0005). Moreover, the survival rate differed significantly between negative (64.3%) and weakly positive cases (91.3%), as well as between weakly positive and positive cases (100%)(p<0.05). As for -cad expression, the incidence of metastasis and the survival rate in negative cases were similar to the results obtained for α-cat expression in this study. However, 69%(58/) of the cases showed weakly positive staining for -cad, and the incidence of lymph node metastasis in this group was 37.%(/58) which was similar to that in all cases (30/, 35.%). The results suggests that the rate of lymph node metastasis could not be accurately estimated in more than half of the patients. By additionally performing α-cat staining, α-cat negative cases among weakly positive cases for -cad were found to have a significantly higher incidence of lymph node metastasis than the combined total of weakly positive and positive cases did (p=0.0423).
In conclusion, the combined examination of α-cat and -cad expression in oral SCC yields useful information concerning regional lymph node metastasis and prognosis.

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Chemical properties of ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), -tetraen-3-one (1) were investigated. Though 1 is rather stable to acids or bases, it reacts easily with two moleculres of oxygen on irradiation with UV light to give 6α, -epidioxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, , -trien-3-one (2), which is transformed successively to 6α, ;8α, -diepoxy-14α-hydroperoxyergosta-4, -dien-3-one (3) and 14α-hydroperoxy--hydroxyergosta-4, , -triene-3, 6-dione (4) under these reaction conditions.

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カイコ体液には16種のキモトリプシンインヒビター (CI) が存在する。本研究ではこの中のCI-3, 4成分について遺伝分析を行った。これらCIは常染色体上のIct-と命名した遺伝子によって共優性的に支配されていること, Ict-遺伝子は連関検索により, 第連関群の小翅 (mw) と連関していることが明らかとなった。第連関群に所属するorおよびmwを用いて3点実験を行ったところ, Ict-は同連関群の基点とされていたorの左側に占座していた。よって, Ict-を第連関群の基点とし, 3遺伝子はIct-(0.0)-or(8.)-mw(25.2) の順に配列しているものと結論した。

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