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  • 小田切 孝人, 田代 眞人
    ウイルス
    2013年 63 巻 2 号 233-240
    発行日: 2013/12/25
    公開日: 2014/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Joey
    B
    . Tanney, Leonard J. Hutchison
    Mycoscience
    2012年 53 巻 1 号 31-35
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

  • 末次 康将
    マリンエンジニアリング
    2021年 56 巻 5 号 680-687
    発行日: 2021/09/01
    公開日: 2021/10/12
    ジャーナル フリー
  • T BAKER, C. RANGACHARYULU
    日本物理学会講演概要集
    1999年 54.2.1 巻 23pSM-6
    発行日: 1999/09/13
    公開日: 2018/03/04
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • Mohd Suhail, Mohd Faizul Suhail, Hina Khan
    Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
    2008年 43 巻 3 号 210-220
    発行日: 2008年
    公開日: 2008/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group
    B
    which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins C and
    E
    . MDA increased from 6.
    22
     ± 2.
    8
    (placebo) to
    8
    .48 ± 1.2 (A) and
    8
    .02 ± 1.
    8
     nmol/gHb (
    B
    ). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19.3 ± 4.2 (P) to 23.
    8
     ± 6.4 (A) and 24.1 ± 
    5
    .4 μmol/L (
    B
    ). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2.81 (P) to
    8
    .02 ± 2.
    92
    (A) and
    9
    .39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (
    B
    ), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from 0.
    98
     ± 0.28 (P) to 1.24 ± 0.29 (A) and 1.08 ± 0.12 μmol/g Hb (
    B
    ). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in
    B
    ; GRx decreased 27% in A and
    5
    .
    5
    % in
    B
    ; GPx decreased 12% in A and
    9
    .6% in
    B
    . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in
    B
    as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins C and
    E
    should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.
  • 長谷川 親太郎
    The Keio Journal of Medicine
    1992年 41 巻 3 号 146-153
    発行日: 1992年
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were tested for cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells in a study utilizing a chemically induced cancer ofthe bladder (transitional cell carcinoma),
    BC
    -47, in inbred ACI/N rats. From tumors grown after subcutaneous implantation of
    BC
    -47 in the rats TIL were separated by density gradient centrifugation and incubated in plastic dishes for separation of non-adherent from adherent cells. The non-adherent cells were further fractionated into T and
    B
    cells by the panning method using anti-rat F(ab')2 antibody. The cell fractions were each added to
    BC
    -47 in culture to be assessed for antitumor effect by the crystal violet dye exclusion method and 3H-thymidine incorporation inhibition assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were also tested as described above. TIL expressed significantly higher cytotoxicity against
    BC
    -47 with the mean % cytotoxicity of 56.6±
    5
    .6% and 87.
    5
    ±
    7
    .1% at
    E
    /T ratios of 10:1 and 20:1, respectively, as compared to PBMC(
    9
    .
    9
    ±
    5
    .0% at
    E
    /T 10:1) (P<0.001). The adherent cells,
    B
    and T cell fractions showed respective % cytotoxicity of
    92
    .4±2.
    8
    %, 57.
    9
    ±10.6% and
    9
    .
    9
    ±
    7
    .
    8
    % at an
    E
    /T ratio of 10:1. TIL pretreated with IFN or rIL-2 for 24or 48 hours did not exhibit any noticeably enhanced antitumor activity at an
    E
    /T ratio of
    5
    :1. Prevention of direct contact of
    BC
    -47 cells and TIL by an interposed Millipore membrane (0.45μm) resulted in an unequivocal reduction of antitumor effect. This finding clearly indicates that the direct contact with
    BC
    -47cells and TIL is necessary for TIL to manifest their cytotoxicity against the autologous tumor cells, suggesting that TIL exhibit autologous tumor killing activity through cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
  • M. K. Banerjee, P. S. Banerjee, S. Datta
    ISIJ International
    2001年 41 巻 3 号 257-261
    発行日: 2001/03/15
    公開日: 2007/05/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.
  • 藤原 東雄, 上 俊二
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1990年 30 巻 1 号 76-86
    発行日: 1990/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The behavior of the soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading is different from that subjected to sustained loading. The difference in settlement between these two loading patterns should be due to secondary compression over a long period of time. Consequently, soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading tend to be more compressible than those subjected to sustained loading. Therefore, it is necessary for engineers to predict post-construction settlements under repeated loading. In this respect, the preloading is considered to be promising as a countermeasure to reduce the settlement of clay under repeated loading as well as under sustained loading. The effect of preloading on post-construction consolidation settlement of soft clay subjected to repeated loading after removal of a part of preload is investigated in the present paper. It has become clear that the settlement of a clay sample after preconsolidation is mainly affected by the amount of preload, the degree of consolidation due to the preload, the amount of permanent load and the amount of repeated load after removal of preload. The calculated settlement versus time relations using a method to estimate the amount of consolidation settlement of soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading after removal of preloading were compared with the observed degree of consolidation as parameters of the intensities of preload and repeated load.
  • M. L. GHOSH
    Journal of Physics of the Earth
    1972年 20 巻 2 号 165-186
    発行日: 1972年
    公開日: 2009/04/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.
  • A.M. BRITTO, C. SAVVIDOU, M.J. GUNN, J.R. BOOKER
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 1 号 13-25
    発行日: 1992/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.
  • Özkan ASLANTAŞ, Ebru Şebnem YILMAZ
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
    2017年 79 巻 6 号 1024-1030
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/06/16
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/04/27
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

    E
    . coli isolates were detected in 95 (
    22
    .2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-
    1b
    (42), blaCMY-2 (
    22
    ), blaCTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-1 (15), blaOXA-1 (
    9
    ) and blaSHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A1 (35.
    8
    %), followed by group
    D2
    (
    22
    .1%),
    B
    1 (15.
    8
    %),
    D1
    (
    9
    .
    5
    %), A0 (
    7
    .4%),
    B22
    (
    5
    .3%) and
    B23
    (4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.
    5
    and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.
    8
    % for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing
    E
    . coli
    clone O25
    b
    :ST131/
    B
    2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing
    E
    . coli
    isolates among dogs in Turkey.

  • 増大する資源
    E
    . F. Boswell
    紙パ技協誌
    1998年 52 巻 7 号 885-889
    発行日: 1998/07/01
    公開日: 2009/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The world is in the midst of a huge fundamental shift in fibre supply, demand balances, and policy changes. Governments around the world are introducing policy changes which influence the supply demand balance as the politicians' thoughts are uttered. Government agencies and their bureaucrats are imposing changes on industry even before the legislation is passed by the government in question.
    This ad hoc change process will continue for a time to come until the countries in question show a tough-mindedness with regard to their land use policies. Policies affecting forest areas such as protection areas, Native land claims, the protection of biodiversity and a true goal of sustainable development ; which addresses the combined issues of cultural, environmental, social and economic matters.
    Eventually all of these difficult issues will reach essential closure. Then there will be great new opportunities for investment to meet the growing demand for forest products ; leading to a strengthening competitive position in the more traditional producing areas such as Canada.
  • Suguru TAKATSUTO, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE
    Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
    1988年 52 巻 12 号 3217-3218
    発行日: 1988年
    公開日: 2006/04/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 國生 剛治
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 5 号 99-111
    発行日: 2000/10/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In view of the significant role of the water film effect in flow failure for a liquefied sandy deposit, the mechanism of water film generation is numerically studied based on a 1-dimensional model test. The process of water film growth and decay can be simulated to a certain extent by a simple consolidation analysis, which indicates that only a small difference in permeability in layered sand is enough for a water film to develop. A 1 G shaking table test for a two-dimensional slope model with an arc of silt within a saturated sand is then addressed to discuss the dilatancy effect exerted in sheared sand during flow failure. It is possible that, once the water film is formed, the transmission of shear stress through it is interrupted, leaving the sand below free from the dilatancy ; this eventually allows the water film to stay without being absorbed during flow failure. The result of another shaking table test for a trapezoidal slope with horizontal silt seams indicate that water films beneath the seams enable the soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films very gently inclined even after shaking. If a silt seam breaks due to excessive pressure in the water film, it triggers re-liquefaction in the upper sand and leads to further instability.
  • Nicholas ISYUMOV, Eric HO, Peter KING, David SURRY, Barry VICKERY
    日本風工学会誌
    2010年 35 巻 4 号 265-271
    発行日: 2010/10/31
    公開日: 2011/04/01
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 香山 滉一郎, 森下 政夫, 張 国鋒
    粉体および粉末冶金
    2006年 53 巻 5 号 419-429
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/12/19
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo-
    B
    and Ni-W-
    B
    ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol%
    B
    were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
    E1
    :L (1365K, 71.
    5
    mol%Ni-6.0mol%Mo-
    22
    .
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E2
    :L (1355K, 62.
    5
    mol%Ni-2.
    5
    mol%Mo-30.
    5
    mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni3B
    +
    Ni2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    E3
    :L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    P1:L (1812K, 34.
    9
    mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-
    22
    .
    8
    mol%
    B
    )+MoB=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P2:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%
    B
    )+Mo=
    Mo2B
    +
    NiMo2B2

    P3:L (1812K, 53.
    5
    mol%Ni-33.
    7
    mol%Mo-12.
    8
    mol%
    B
    )+Mo=NiMo+
    NiMo2B2

    E1
    :L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.4mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+W+
    NiW2B2

    E2
    :L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-
    7
    .0mol%W-
    22
    .0mol%
    B
    )=(Ni)+
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    E3
    :L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.
    8
    mol%W-29.
    8
    mol%
    B
    )=
    Ni2B
    +
    Ni3B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P1:L (2115K, 23.
    8
    mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%
    B
    )+WB=
    W2B
    +
    NiW2B2

    P2:L (1657K, 48.
    9
    mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%
    B
    )+
    W2B
    =W+
    NiW2B2

    The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.
  • Hitoshi NISHIJIMA, Ryosuke MAKI, Yoshikazu SUZUKI
    Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan
    2013年 121 巻 1416 号 730-733
    発行日: 2013/08/01
    公開日: 2013/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, we have tried to prepare porous
    Al2TiO5
    ceramics with potato starch as a pore-forming agent at relatively low sintering temperatures by reactive sintering method using fine-grained starting materials. α-Al2O3 powder (0.1 µm) and TiO2 rutile powder (2 µm) were wet-ball milled in ethanol for 2 h in a planetary ball-mill. The mixed powder was blended with
    5
    –30 wt % of potato starch powder in an agate mortar with ethanol. Green samples with no binder were sintered at 1300–1500°C for 2 h in air. The sample contained finer closed pores (<1 µm) as well as the larger pores (
    5
    –80 µm). The finer microstructure formation can be explained by (1) the local heating effect via the combustion of potato starch, and (2) water vapor-assisted effect.
  • 鍛治 健司, 葛谷 昌之 /, RAYMONDN. CASTLE
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1970年 18 巻 1 号 147-156
    発行日: 1970/01/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    2-Benzyl-4-chloro-
    5
    -mercapto-3 (2H)-pyridazinone (1) was heated in ethanol under reflux for 10 hours to form concurrently 2,
    7
    -dibenzyldipyridazo [4,
    5
    -
    b
    : 4',
    5
    '-
    e
    ]-1, 4-dithiin-1, 6 (2H,
    7
    H)-dione (Ia) (57% in yield) and 2,
    8
    -dibenzyldipyridazo [4,
    5
    -
    b
    : 4',
    5
    '-
    e
    ]-1, 4-dithiin-1,
    9
    (2H,
    8
    H)-dione (IIa) (14% in yield). Assignment of the two products to the corresponding structures is established by their physico-chemical constants and chemical behaviors. The concurrent formation of the dipyridazo [4,
    5
    -
    b
    : 4',
    5
    '-
    e
    ]-1, 4-dithiin-1, 6 (2H,
    7
    H)-dione and the -1,
    9
    (2H,
    8
    H)-dione were observed in, not only heating 4-chloro-
    5
    -mercapto-3 (2H)-pyridazinones (1-3) in polar solvent, but warming 4-mercapto-
    5
    -chloro-3 (2H)-pyridazinones (4-6) in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF. For the interpretation of the reaction, keto-thioketo carbenes as active intermediate species and a reversible interconversion among them are suggested on the basis of the fact that there was nonexistence of an equilibrium between the two compounds, such as Ia and IIa, under the reaction condition and a trapping keto-thioketo carbene species as 2-phenylimino-
    5
    -benzylpyridazo [4,
    5
    -
    d
    ]-1, 3-dithiol-4 (
    5
    H)-one (IVa) (14% in yield) along with the major products, (Ia) and (IIa), was furnished by warming 1 with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of triethylamine in dry benzene. On the contrary, participation of a reversible interconversion between Ia and IIa, to a considerable extent, with the concurrent formation of them in the case of benzylation of either Ib or IIb, by warming with benzylchloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF at 80°, might not be neglected, because an attempted approach to an equilibrium between Ia and IIa in a similar reaction condition except the use of benzylchloride realized, whereas non-existence of an equilibrium between Ib and IIb in the similar reaction condition was observed.
  • その1.乳歯について
    日本小児歯科学会, 有田 憲司, 阿部 洋子, 仲野 和彦, 齊藤 正人, 島村 和宏, 大須賀 直人, 清水 武彦, 石通 宏行, 松村 誠士, 尾崎 正雄, 石谷 徳人, 濱田 義彦, 渥美 信子, 小平 裕恵, 高風 亜由美, 長谷川 大子, 林 文子, 藤岡 万里, 茂木 瑞穂, 八若 保孝, 田中 光郎, 福本 敏, 早﨑 治明, 関本 恒夫, 渡部 茂, 新谷 誠康, 井上 美津子, 白川 哲夫, 宮新 美智世, 苅部 洋行, 朝田 芳信, 木本 茂成, 福田 理, 飯沼 光生, 仲野 道代, 香西 克之, 岩本 勉, 野中 和明, 牧 憲司, 藤原 卓, 山﨑 要一
    小児歯科学雑誌
    2019年 57 巻 1 号 45-53
    発行日: 2019/02/25
    公開日: 2020/01/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    日本人乳歯の萌出時期および萌出順序を明らかにし,乳歯の萌出に変化が生じているか否かを検討する目的で,全国的に3 か月から3 歳11 か月の小児

    8
    ,724 名を調査し,以下の結果を得た。

    1 .男児の乳歯萌出は,A が

    5
    か月-
    9
    か月,A が
    7
    か月-11 か月,
    B
    9
    か月-1 歳2 か月,
    B
    9
    か月-1 歳3 か月,
    D
    が1 歳1 か月-1 歳6 か月,
    D
    が1 歳1 か月-1 歳
    7
    か月,C が1 歳2 か月-1 歳
    8
    か月,C が1 歳2 か月-1 歳
    9
    か月,
    E
    が1 歳11 か月-2 歳
    7
    か月,
    E
    が2 歳0 か月-2 歳11 か月の順だったが,
    BB
    間と
    D
    ,
    D
    , C およびC の間には有意な差は認められなかった。

    2 .女児の乳歯萌出は,A が6 か月-

    9
    か月,A が
    7
    か月-11 か月,
    B
    9
    か月-1 歳1 か月,
    B
    9
    か月-1 歳2 か月,
    D
    が1 歳1 か月-1 歳
    7
    か月,
    D
    が1 歳1 か月-1 歳
    7
    か月,C が1 歳3 か月-1 歳
    9
    か月,C が1 歳4 か月-1 歳
    9
    か月,
    E
    が1 歳11 か月-2 歳
    7
    か月,
    E
    が2 歳1 か月-2 歳10 か月の順だったが,AA 間,AB 間,
    BB
    間,DD 間,CC 間には有意な差は認められなかった。

    3 .性差は大部分の歯で認めず,C とC の萌出時期にのみ有意な差を認め,いずれも男児が1 か月早く萌出していた。

    4 .前回報告(1988 年)に比べて,男児はA, A, C,

    D
    の,女児はA と
    D
    の,萌出時期が有意に早くなっていることを認めた。

  • Zhe Fang, Su Yang Jeong, Hyun Ah Jung, Jae Sue Choi, Byung Sun Min, Mi Hee Woo
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    2010年 58 巻 9 号 1236-1239
    発行日: 2010/09/01
    公開日: 2010/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Activity-directed isolation of the ethyl acetate, methylene chloride and n-hexane fractions of Gloiopeltis furcata resulted in the isolation of 18 compounds. Their structures were elucidated as 2-(3-hydroxy-
    5
    -oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetic acid (1), glutaric acid (2), succinic acid (3), nicotinic acid (4), (
    E
    )-4-hydroxyhex-2-enoic acid (
    5
    ), cholesterol (6),
    7
    -hydroxycholesterol (
    7
    ), uridine (
    8
    ), glycerol (
    9
    ),
    5
    -(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol (10), (
    5E
    ,
    7E
    )-
    9
    -oxodeca-
    5
    ,
    7
    -dienoic acid (11), (Z)-3-ethylidene-4-methylpyrrolidine-2,
    5
    -dione (12), dehydrovomifoliol (13), loliolide (14), cholesteryl stearate (15), palmitic acid (16), cis-
    5
    ,
    8
    ,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (17) and α-linolenic acid (18) on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidences. Their anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities were evaluated via inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as well as scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and peroxynitrite (ONOO). All isolated compounds (118) exhibited moderate AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 1.14—12.50 μg/ml, whereas 1,
    7
    ,
    9
    , 17, and 18 showed mild BChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from
    5
    .57—15.89 μg/ml. Although most of the compounds isolated were lacking the scavenging activity on DPPH radical and ONOO,
    5
    and 10 showed good DPPH radical scavenging activity, and
    5
    , 10, and 16 showed potent ONOO scavenging activity.
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