帯状疱疹に対するRo-8181の有効性, 安全性および有用性を検討するため, ヒト血清アルブミンを対照薬として, 二重盲検比較試験を行つた。皮膚症状の観察項目別の改善率では, 水疱·膿疱において投与開始後5日目でRo-8181群70%, placebo群50%で, 両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。皮膚症状改善度の推移を著明改善以上の症例についてみると, 投与開始後4日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群8%, placebo群0%であり, Fisherの直接計算法で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。また, 投与開始後5日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群15%, placebo群3%であり, κ² 検定で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。主治医による有効性の判定ではU検定でRo-8181群が優れている傾向が認められた。主治医による安全性の判定では副作用発現率がRo-8181群83%, placebo群14%であり, U検定で両群間に差(p<0.001)が認められた。主治医による有用性の判定ではU検定で両群間に差は認められなかつた。以上の結果より, 帯状疱疹に対し, Ro-8181は皮疹のうち水疱·膿疱に対して有効であり, 主治医判定でも有効性が認められたが, 安全性については本薬剤の耐薬性が示されたものの副作用の発現率が高かつたため, 有用性は高くないと考えられた。

抄録全体を表示

CTAの行政上の取り扱い、歴史、投資戦略等をまず簡単に説明する。CTAとは金融先物、オプション、スワップを対象とした取り引きに関する投資のアドバイスやサービスを個人、ファンドに提供する個人、または組織に対する金融行政上の用語で、正式名はCommodity trading advisorである。CTAという用語は投資信託、ETFを含むヘッジファンド、プライベートファンドへの投資アドバイスにも適応される。CTAs は米国連邦政府による規制対象であり Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) への登録と National Futures Association (NFA) のメンバーになることが義務付けられている。また、CTAはヘッジファンドの投資スタイルのひとつ (Global Macro) でもある。

抄録全体を表示

The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) recommends the Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) as reference values for preventing adverse health effects on workers caused by occupational exposure to chemical substances, continuous or intermittent noise, impulsive or impact noise, heat stress, cold stress, whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration and time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields and ultraviolet and ionizing radiation.

抄録全体を表示

Warm events, periods when rising surface air temperatures can trigger surface melt, have been recorded during the austral summer at Syowa station on the East Antarctic coast. This study identifies air masses responsible for summer warm events at Syowa. Air masses arriving at Syowa are classified into marine and glacial sources based on their isotopic characteristics. Warm events are not associated with moist marine air intrusion, but with the downward flow of dry glacial air along the west side slope of the mountains in Enderby Land (EL). We use simulations from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) to explore the atmospheric process responsible for the warmest event at Syowa. The model output illustrates several foehn-associated features such as low-level blocking, precipitation on the mountain's windward side, and mountain wave activity, with warm air ascending on the upstream slope and descending to Syowa. The foehn warming is caused by an easterly cross-mountain flow associated with a low-pressure system to the north of the EL coast. Future changes in synoptic cyclonic activity off the EL coast may have a significant impact on the frequency and intensity of foehn events at Syowa and the associated coastal warm events.

抄録全体を表示

Intracerebral injection of vegetative myxamoebae of strains of Polysphondylium pallidum caused 80 to 100% mortality in mice, whereas a 30 to 50% mortality occurred with strains of Dictyostelium giganteum and D. mucoroides. Death is attributable to an unidentified toxic factor. Histopathologically a giant cell formation was seen in the spleen of mice. This cell was different from Langerhan's or foreign body giant cell. Rats injected intracerebrally behaved similarly. Intranasal instillation of myxamoebae in guinea pigs caused transient pneumonia. Myxamoebae do not multiply in the brain tissues of mice or rats, or in the lungs of guinea pigs.
Intranasal instillation of vegetative myxamoebae is less pathogenic than free living amoebae like Hartmanella culbertsoni, H. rhysodes, Naegleria sp. (Culbertson strain HB-1), or Naegleria aerobia.

抄録全体を表示

The nd Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Science Education (JSSE) was held on July 29-31, 1998 at Tokyo Gakugei University in western suburb of Tokyo with about 290 registrants under the main theme of "Towards Implementation of Science Curriculum for Construction of Creation and Symbiosis." Number of papers over 210 were presented in both main sessions and general presentations. There were two symposiums, one lecture, one forum, one international forum, one workshop, three sessions of themes set by the steering committee and ten sessions of themes set independently by members of JSSE in main sessions. Also, there were many other general presentations. Many papers were presented coping with the main theme. They were a lecture related to learning and creativity based on advance of brain, and many presentations related to symbiosis such as relation between in-door and out-door school activities, school based research activities such as curriculum development, and way of finding new methodology of research on classroom, consistency of curriculum through elementary to high school, pre-service teacher education, and so on. Contents of claims and discussions in every presentation in main sessions are summarized in this paper.

抄録全体を表示

Studies on ice cores drilled in Antarctic, Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice caps provide the environmental composition and the in the past. This information and further study will help in the understanding of the basic natural processes and the extent of human impact on the environment and . This will eventually enable us to predict the future of the environment. This review summarizes the state of the art methodologies used in ice core studies, with highlights on the recent studies in this group.

抄録全体を表示

A financial market is a diversified dynamical system with many constraints, and price movements are modeled in terms of the micro properties of each transactions and the macro properties of dynamical systems. These two properties must be bridged by the multiplicity. The model forcuses on the size of tick and the number of transactions with the price movement compared with the previous transctions and explains stochastic nature of short-term volatilities and persistently stable long-term volatilities as a results of unique behaviour of heterogeneous market participants.

抄録全体を表示

 High quality wave data in data-scarce regions are required in order to provide a reliable source for wave assessment. In this study, numerical modeling was utilized in order to generate the wave characteristics in the Indian Ocean (IO) region using super-high-resolution wind field MRI-AGCM3.2S as forcing. The model was evaluated in comparison to the satellite data and the validated model was performed to simulate historical and future projections of the wave in the study area (25 years for each period). Comparison of mean annuals of the wave indicated a slight decrease of significant wave height (SWH) in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) and middle parts of the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) while there is a considerable increase near the southern ocean adjacent to . The change of mean wave period (T_m01) will be less in the future, however, there will be a considerable increase in the south of India. The results of this study indicate the different patterns of change for wind and wave parameters in different regions of the IO.

抄録全体を表示

Sea-level rise is a major effect of change. It has drawn international attention, because higher sea levels in the future would cause serious impacts in various parts of the world. There are questions associated with sea-level rise which science needs to answer. To what extent did change contribute to sea-level rise in the past? How much will global mean sea level increase in the future? How serious are the impacts of the anticipated sea-level rise likely to be, and can human society respond to them? This paper aims to answer these questions through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. First, the present status of observed sea-level rise, analyses of its causes, and future projections are summarized. Then the impacts are examined along with other consequences of change, from both global and Japanese perspectives. Finally, responses to adverse impacts will be discussed in order to clarify the implications of the sea-level rise issue for human society.

(Communicated by Kiyoshi HORIKAWA, M.J.A.)

抄録全体を表示

1972年3月～1973年2月の1ケ年間, 越冬生活を送った第12次日本南極地域観測隊29名中13名いてBMR, FFAの季節変動は次の如く要約される。
1.冬季7月のBMRの低下, 秋季2月のBMRの亢進を除いて他の月にはBMRの変動は認められない。
2.冬季7月のBMRの低下は, 6月の暗夜の時期における生活が屋内生活が主となり, 身体活動の減少と室内気温18℃に曝露されていた為の影響と考えられる。
3.秋季2月のBMRの亢進は, 越冬終了直前の為, 身体活動が最も激しくなり, かつ, 0℃～-10℃の外気温に曝露された為の亢進と考えられる。
4.FFAの季節変動には著明な傾向を認めなかった。FFAの血中濃度は全期間を進じて平均816.7μEq/lと高いレベルにあった。
5.FFAとBMRの関係は, FFAの高い者はBMRが亢進の傾向にあるが, 個人内でのFFAとBMRの変動は有意な負の相関々係をとっている。即ち, BMRが亢進するとFFAは減少する。
6.BMRとRQの間には負の相関々係を示し, BMRが亢進するとRQは低下する。個人内での変動にも同様に負の相関々係がある。
7.FFAとRQの間には負の相関々係を有し, FFAの高い者はRQが低いという関係にあるが, FFAとRQの個人内での変動では有意の相関々係は認められなかった。

抄録全体を表示

  The first botanical collections from the Antarctic regions were made from the South Shetland Islands in 1820; on Cockburn Island of the north east tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, in 1843; and from Cape Adare, northern Victoria Land (the first continental Antarctic collection) in 1895. Since then most expeditions have made biological collections, now scattered amongst a great many institutions and different countries. The flora of

includes only 2 vascular plants, around 100 mosses, 25-30 hepatics, 250 lichens, and around 700 terrestrial and aquatic algae, confined to the 2% of its 14 million km² area that is ice free. Historically, most studies have been of a biogeographic nature, with comparatively few critical taxonomic appraisals. While there are a number of apparently endemic taxa, particularly amongst the lichens, recent critical studies have shown that under the severe many morphotypes have been incorrectly determined. There is an increasing extra-Antarctic and Bipolar element in the flora. Logistic difficulties, lack of specialists interested in the Antarctic flora, differing taxonomic interpretations and, often, poor collections, compound the difficulties associated with the study of the flora. Despite this, a renewed interest in phytogeography and biodiversity, and the application of new methodologies such as ecophysiology and molecular genetics, is leading to new insights on the origin and biodiversity of the flora, and potential impacts of global change. The time is now ripe for a coordinated and integrated methodological approach to the study of this fascinating region and its flora.

抄録全体を表示

深海底堆積物コア中の底生有孔虫殻の酸素同位体比カーブは，これまでに数多く報告されてきた．それらは，過去の気候変化と海水準変動にとって充分に確立された信頼のおける指標である．将来の気候で起こりそうな動向を理解するためには，過去の間氷期の記録において最も温暖であった期間を正確に見極めることが必要である．この総説で，われわれは過去の間氷期の温暖な程度を理解するために，過去42万年間のこれまでに報告された9つの高分解能な酸素同位体記録を比較した．その酸素同位体比の変動から描き出された間氷期の暖かさの順番は，海洋同位体ステージ（MIS）5.5＞9.3＞11.3＞1＞7.5である．この間氷期の暖かさの順番は，Lisiecki and Raymo（2005）の標準酸素同位体比カーブと，また南極のEPICAドームCの氷床コアの水素同位体比カーブときわめてよく似ている．とくに，MIS 5.5中の最も温暖な期間における相対的な海水準は，MIS 1の期間よりあるいは現在より，おそらく約7±4m高かったであろう．一方，MIS 11.3は，過去の5つの間氷期の中で最も長い温暖期であることが明らかになった．この観察事実は，温暖化が進行している将来の地球環境を予測するためには，MIS 5.5と11.3の詳細な研究が本質的で重要であることを明瞭に示唆している．

抄録全体を表示

垂直レーダーとマイクロ波放射計を用いて気柱中の雲水量と氷水量の観測を1989年に南極昭和基地で行った。その結果、雲水量の多い雲(>40mg/cm²)は秋に、雲水量の少ない雲(<20mg/cm²)は冬から早春に多く見られた。雲水量の多い雲の頻度は、昭和基地の気温より海氷域の面積の季節変化によく対応していた。南極外洋から大陸に近づく間に海氷上で雲水の氷化が進むと考えられる。雲水量の多い雲は少ない雲に比べ海岸から50km以内に多くの降水をもたらした。この海岸付近の降水の増加は、大陸斜面上の地形効果による降水の増加と考えられる。

抄録全体を表示

Future changes in extremes indices on precipitation were projected with a 20-km horizontal grid atmospheric general circulation model. At the end of the 21st Century, heavy precipitation was shown to increase enormously in South Asia, the Amazon, and West Africa, while a dry spell was shown to increase in South Africa, south Australia, and the Amazon, suggesting that the risk of water-related disasters will be higher in these regions. In the Asian monsoon region, heavy precipitation increases notably in Bangladesh and in the Yangtze River basin due to the intensified convergence of water vapor flux in summer. In the Amazon, a dry spell greatly increases due to a reduction in the Walker circulation caused by an El Niño-like change in SST prescribed as boundary condition.

抄録全体を表示

Atmospheric gravity waves transport momentum in the atmosphere and play an important role in determining temperature and wind distributions through driving the meridional circulation in the middle atmosphere. However, they have wide spatial and temporal scales, which make it difficult to capture the whole feature of gravity waves with any of the latest observations and models. The first Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST)/ Incoherent Scatter (IS) radar in the Antarctic, PANSY, which was installed at Syowa Station (69.0S, 39.6E) in 2011, can directly estimate the momentum flux of gravity waves in all frequency bands by observing 3-dimensional winds with high precision and high resolution. On the other hand, the super pressure (SP) balloon observation can also estimate momentum transport due to gravity waves in all frequency bands, and its horizontal distribution is also clarified. In order to carry out this SP balloon observation in the Antarctic where the observational constraint on the momentum transport due to gravity waves is especially insufficient, we proposed the LOng-Duration balloon Experiment of gravity WAVE over

(LODEWAVE). By combining it with the PANSY observation, observational constraints on the momentum transport due to gravity waves in models are acquired, which contributes to the improvement of the future prediction by the models.

抄録全体を表示

DiGeorge syndrome (DGA), velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF) are frequently associated with q11.2 deletion syndrome. We report two cases of q11.2 deletion syndrome. Two patients had cleft palate, and facial dysmorphism. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to show deletion of chromosome q11.2. Palatoplasty was performed at about two years of age with the patients under general anesthesia. The postoperative course was uneventful in both patients.

抄録全体を表示

南半球の対流圏循環の特徴として南極の回りの深いトラフ、冬季の二重ジェット、海面気圧や東西流にみられる半年振動がある。この論文ではこれらの南半球の基本的特徴を再現している気象研究所大気大循環モデルの12年ランの結果について観測値(1979-1987)と比較して議論する。
7月の南北温度傾度は上部対流圏の30°S、下部対流圏の60°Sで大きい。強い傾圧帯の分布は東西に一様ではない。7月の500mb東西風は太平洋域では30°Sと60°Sに軸を持つ二重ジェット、大西洋•インド洋域では一本のジェットがモデルでシミュレートされており観測結果とよい対応がある。太平洋域の二本の傾圧帯(二重ジェット)は5月から10月まで存在する。残りの季節には高緯度側の一つだけになる。50°Sと60°Sの問では春と秋の年2回傾圧性が強くなり、東西風や海面気圧の半年振動が現れる。南極下層大気の初秋の急激な冷え込み、その後の真冬になっても気温がそれほど下がらず(コアレスウィンター)、春先に最低気温の出現する気温推移を正しくモデルでシミュレートすること及び南極大陸の波数1的地形に対応するインド洋にトラフ、太平洋にリッジを持った波数1の定常派の存在が南半球中•高緯度の半年振動や冬季の二重ジェットのシミュレーションに重要である。

抄録全体を表示