46 Skin diseases caused by microbial infection were treated successfully by injection and external application of gentamicin in 1966.
Gentamicin has strong in v itro antibiotic activity against not only staphylococci which are the chief causative organisms of many microbial skin diseases but also against gram-negative bacilli especially Ps. aeruginosa which is a factor of stubbornness of some skin diseases.
Satisfactory effects of gentamicin were obtained in 23 cases of 30 impetigo and eczema impetiginosum, 6 of 8 furunculus, furunculosis, and carbunculus, every 6 cases of hydroadenitis, sycosis, folliculitis and secondary infections. In one case of Ps. aeruginosa infection, dramatic effect was observed after single injection, but in the other case the skin lesion was not improved and moreover Klebsiella was superimposed in course of continual administration.
The MIC of 36 strains of staphylococci cultured fr om these cases were almost O. 7 8 mcg/1 and/or below. -The percutaneous absorption of GM ointment and cream were negligible after the widespread external application of single dose of 15 to two cases of erythrodermia.

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帯状疱疹に対するRo-8181の有効性, 安全性および有用性を検討するため, ヒト血清アルブミンを対照薬として, 二重盲検比較試験を行つた。皮膚症状の観察項目別の改善率では, 水疱·膿疱において投与開始後5日目でRo-8181群70%, placebo群50%で, 両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。皮膚症状改善度の推移を著明改善以上の症例についてみると, 投与開始後4日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群8%, placebo群0%であり, Fisherの直接計算法で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。また, 投与開始後5日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群15%, placebo群3%であり, κ² 検定で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。主治医による有効性の判定では検定でRo-8181群が優れている傾向が認められた。主治医による安全性の判定では副作用発現率がRo-8181群83%, placebo群14%であり, 検定で両群間に差(p<0.001)が認められた。主治医による有用性の判定では検定で両群間に差は認められなかつた。以上の結果より, 帯状疱疹に対し, Ro-8181は皮疹のうち水疱·膿疱に対して有効であり, 主治医判定でも有効性が認められたが, 安全性については本薬剤の耐薬性が示されたものの副作用の発現率が高かつたため, 有用性は高くないと考えられた。

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CTAの行政上の取り扱い、歴史、投資戦略等をまず簡単に説明する。CTAとは金融先物、オプション、スワップを対象とした取り引きに関する投資のアドバイスやサービスを個人、ファンドに提供する個人、または組織に対する金融行政上の用語で、正式名はCommodity trading advisorである。CTAという用語は投資信託、ETFを含むヘッジファンド、プライベートファンドへの投資アドバイスにも適応される。CTAs は米国連邦政府による規制対象であり Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) への登録と National Futures Association (NFA) のメンバーになることが義務付けられている。また、CTAはヘッジファンドの投資スタイルのひとつ (Global Macro) でもある。

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The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) recommends the Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) as reference values for preventing adverse health effects on workers caused by occupational exposure to chemical substances, continuous or intermittent noise, impulsive or impact noise, heat stress, cold stress, whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration and time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields and ultraviolet and ionizing radiation.

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Intracerebral injection of vegetative myxamoebae of strains of Polysphondylium pallidum caused 80 to 100% mortality in mice, whereas a 30 to 50% mortality occurred with strains of Dictyostelium giganteum and D. mucoroides. Death is attributable to an unidentified toxic factor. Histopathologically a giant cell formation was seen in the spleen of mice. This cell was different from Langerhan's or foreign body giant cell. Rats injected intracerebrally behaved similarly. Intranasal instillation of myxamoebae in guinea pigs caused transient pneumonia. Myxamoebae do not multiply in the brain tissues of mice or rats, or in the lungs of guinea pigs.
Intranasal instillation of vegetative myxamoebae is less pathogenic than free living amoebae like Hartmanella culbertsoni, H. rhysodes, Naegleria sp. (Culbertson strain HB-1), or Naegleria aerobia.

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The nd Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Science Education (JSSE) was held on July 29-31, 1998 at Tokyo Gakugei University in western suburb of Tokyo with about 290 registrants under the main theme of "Towards Implementation of Science Curriculum for Construction of Creation and Symbiosis." Number of papers over 210 were presented in both main sessions and general presentations. There were two symposiums, one lecture, one forum, one international forum, one workshop, three sessions of themes set by the steering committee and ten sessions of themes set independently by members of JSSE in main sessions. Also, there were many other general presentations. Many papers were presented coping with the main theme. They were a lecture related to learning and creativity based on advance of brain, and many presentations related to symbiosis such as relation between in-door and out-door school activities, school based research activities such as curriculum development, and way of finding new methodology of research on classroom, consistency of curriculum through elementary to high school, pre-service teacher education, and so on. Contents of claims and discussions in every presentation in main sessions are summarized in this paper.

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A financial market is a diversified dynamical system with many constraints, and price movements are modeled in terms of the micro properties of each transactions and the macro properties of dynamical systems. These two properties must be bridged by the multiplicity. The model forcuses on the size of tick and the number of transactions with the price movement compared with the previous transctions and explains stochastic nature of short-term volatilities and persistently stable long-term volatilities as a results of unique behaviour of heterogeneous market participants.

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地​球​表​層​に​お​け​る​地​質​媒​体​間​隙​中​は​、し​ば​し​ば​水​と​ガ​ス​が​混​在​す​る​水​不​飽​和​状​態​と​な​る​。​水​不​飽​和​状​態​で​は​、​鉱​物​表​面​の​水​膜​が​、​物​質​輸​送​や​溶​解​・​吸​着​等の鉱​物​-​水​相​互​作​用​に​対​し​て​重​要​な​役​割​を​もつ​。​し​た​が​っ​て​、​水​膜​の​有​無​や​厚​さ​を​予​測​し​、​ま​た​、​ど​の​よ​う​な​フ​ァ​ク​タ​ー​に​よ​っ​て​厚​さ​が​影​響​を​受​け​る​の​か​を​理​解​す​る​こ​と​は​重​要​で​あ​る​。​鉱​物​表​面​の​水​膜​は​、分​子​間​力​や​電​気​二​重​層​に​起​因​す​る​力​に​よ​っ​て​、​バ​ル​ク​の​水​を​引​き​付​け​て​厚​く​な​ろ​う​と​す​る​。​そ​の​吸​引​圧​（​分​離​圧​）​と​水​膜​厚​さ​の​関​係​は​、​D​L​V​O​理​論​に​基​づ​き​計​算​す​る​こ​と​が​で​き​る​。​​間​隙​​径​分​布​​が​異​な​る​岩​石​について、​間隙が水で飽和した状態から乾​燥​が進行していく​際​の​水​膜​厚​さ​の​変​化​を​予​測​し​た​​結​果​、​間​隙​径​分​布がシャープな場合は水膜厚さがほぼ一定であるのに対して、間隙径分布が​ブ​ロ​ー​ドな場合は​水膜厚さが大きく変化することが分かった。

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From the phonemic point of view, the author attempts to review the reconstructions of Archaic Chinese sound system by B. Karlgren, Tung T'ungho (董同和). He modifies their reconstructions and presents his phonemic interpretation of the initials and the finals in Archaic Chinese. To summarize the conculusion of his interpretation, the phonemic system of Archaic Chinese is as follows.
1) Initial consonants:
p-p′-b--
t-t′-d--l-ç-j-
ts-ts′-dz-s-z-
k-k′--η-x-γ-
2) Medials:
-φ-(zero)-r--
3) Vowels:
(i)()
A
a a
4) Final consonants:
--p-b
--t-d -r
-D-k-
-uη-uk-ug

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DiGeorge syndrome (DGA), velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF) are frequently associated with q11.2 deletion syndrome. We report two cases of q11.2 deletion syndrome. Two patients had cleft palate, and facial dysmorphism. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to show deletion of chromosome q11.2. Palatoplasty was performed at about two years of age with the patients under general anesthesia. The postoperative course was uneventful in both patients.

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The early Pleistocene basaltic lavas at Kawajiri-misaki (Cape Kawajiri) have in general reverse natural remanent magnetism (. R. .), while at a part of the place both specimens of reverse and normal . R. . are found with their positions as intermixed, despite that they have been taken from the same rock block, and with their intensities ranging from 10^-4 to 10^-2c. . s. . . ./. This fact seems to suggest that there is much room for the discussion regarding the idea that the reverse . R. . of the lavas would have been caused by a reverse geomagnetic field assumed to have occurred at the age of the ejection of the lavas.

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We developed a new electrophysiological method mimicking tear flow to evaluate the epithelial tight junction of rabbit cornea quantitatively. We investigated the effect of tear flow on the corneal damage induced by ophthalmic preservatives using this method. An Ussing chamber system with Ag/AgCl electrodes was used in the electrophysiological experiment. The excised rabbit cornea was mounted in the Ussing chamber and the precorneal solution in the chamber was perfused with a peristaltic pump at the rate of human tear flow. Corneal transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was monitored as corneal barrier ability. In the electrophysiological method mimicking tear flow, we observed stable TEER, which rapidly decreased with benzalkonium chloride (BAC), an eye drop preservative. Using this system, we first found that 0.004% BAC decreased corneal TEER reversibly. A high concentration of BAC showed strong irreversible damage to the tight junction. The influence of BAC on corneal TEER was not only concentration-dependent but also tear flow rate-dependent. The electrophysiological method mimicking tear flow was useful to evaluate the corneal barrier quantitatively. Using this method, we clarified that the tear flow was important to protect the corneal damage induced by preservatives.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the continuous and real-time influence of ophthalmic ingredients on rabbit cornea by monitoring electrophysiological characteristics. The tight junctional permeabilities of FITC-dextran 4400 (FD-4) was also determined through the cornea in the presence of ophthalmic ingredients. Intact cornea showed approximately one k-ohm×cm² of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and extremely low permeability of FD-4. The ophthalmic ingredients used in the present study were benzalkonium chloride (BK; 0.002%, 0.01%, 0.05%), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; 0.5%), capric acid (C10; 0.25%), saponin (SP; 0.1%), taurocholic acid (TA; 1.0%) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS; 0.01%). They were previously reported to be effective on corneal penetrations of various drugs at those concentrations without severe toxicity. These ingredients decreased TEER and increased corneal permeability of FD-4. BK reduced TEER in a concentration-dependent manner. There was a significant correlation (γ=0.860) between the permeability coefficient (Papp) of FD-4 and conductance (Gm), which is the reciprocal value of TEER. It was also indicated that Papp and Gm have a relationship with the corneal cytotoxicity of the ingredients. In conclusion, an electrophysiological method using isolated cornea was very useful to determine the continuous and real-time influence of ophthalmic ingredients on the cornea. In this method, electrophysiological conductance must be able to predict corneal tight junction permeability and the corneal cytotoxicity of ingredients.

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