BCR-ABL1 International Scale（IS）測定はチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤で治療されている慢性骨髄性白血病（CML）患者の治療効果をモニターする上で重要な検査法である。稀ではあるが，BCR-ABL1 IS測定ができないCMLが存在することが知られている。本研究において，我々は，そのようなBCR-ABL1 IS測定のできないCML患者を経験し，分子生物学的な方法で，その原因を解明した。本例ではABL1遺伝子における切断点がa2エクソン内にあることが分かり，そのことがABL1のa2エクソンを欠いた

14a（a）キメラ遺伝子のmRNAのみの発現を誘導していた。a2エクソンは本邦における検査部でのIS測定において重要な要素であり，これが欠損することが測定不能の原因であった。このようなIS測定ができない稀なCML症例をさらに集積して，その分子構造を解明することが待たれる。

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A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le 22 janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan , 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison . Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.

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Background

The differences in conditions of enteric-coated acid-labile drug release and absorption between healthy subjects in bioequivalence studies and gastrointestinal patients in clinical practice can lead to significant differences in gastric stability of original PPIs and generics. Thus, pathologic duodenogastric reflux (PDGR) and the pH increasing within PPIs administration still remain unaccounted for.

Methods

Two-stage modified comparative dissolution testing of original omeprazole (OO) and four generics (G1;2;

;4) was performed. At first, we moved drugs from solution with pH 1.2 (1.2±0.05) to pH 7.0 (7.0±0.05) and measure concentration of omeprazole in solution by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our self-developed formula, pH 7 exposure time of resistance to PDGR for omeprazole is 4 minutes, i.. the active substance should not be released within 4 minutes at pH 7. The exposure at the second stage was conducted with pH 4 (4.0±0.05), that imitated gastric pH after PPI administration. And then we also moved drugs to pH 7 with the subsequent measurement of omeprazole concentration.

Results

Omeprazole concentrations after 4, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes in pH 7 solution at the first stage were different for OO and generics. For OO, these values were 4,7±0,7%; 41,4±

,0%; 62,±4,0%; 79,5±2,%; ,5±2,%; 81,6±2,%; 80,6±4,4%; for Generic1 - 0; 49,±,%; 88, ±2,%; 90,4±,7%; 88, 2±2,2%; 87,±2,0%; 85,±1,1%; for Generic2 - 0; 30,6±6,%; 66,7±,2%; 76,4±7,4%; ,±5,%; 86,0±,7%; 84,6±,%: for Generic - 80,±,6%; ,5±1,%; , ±,2%; ,±2,7%; 81,±2,1%; ,1±2,0%; ,0±2,4%; for Generic4 - ,5±1,7%; 84,4±0,%; 84,2±1,2%; , ±0,%; ,±0,%; ,±0,%; ,±1,1%, respectively.

An analysis of the omeprazole concentration in pH 7 solution at the second stage revealed the following parameters after the same time: for OO - 4,4±0,6%; 40, 5±

,0%; 62,±2,0%; 80,0±,1%; 85,4±2,%; ,±,4%; 80,±,5%; for Generic1 - 0; 67,0±7,%; 89,7±2,%; 91, ±4,%; 89,1±1,6%; 88,±1,4%; 87,±1,2%; for Generic2 - 0; 42,2±5,6%; 75,1±7,%; 81,0±6,0%; 88,4±,2%; 88, 6±1,%; 87,±1,0%; for Generic4 - 85,5±0,5%; 85,6±0,5%; 84,7±0,%; ,7±,0%; 84,4±0,%; 84,4±0,%; 84,±0,4%, respectively. Generic release and degradation were completely realized at pH 4.

Conclusion

Decreased gastric stability of Generic

and Generic4 makes PDGR and inhibited gastric acid secretion due to PPIs administration the potential causes of decreased enteric-coated acid-labile drugs stability.

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A sample of [

3H

] tobrarnycin (5, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
tiirough of the messenger RNA.

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This paper is concerned with dynamics of the standard penetration test (SPT). The usefulness of mounting strain gages at two different stations along a driven rod is described, together with a workable procedure of analysis. The analysis procedure makes use of the traveling time between the two gage points and enables one to identify the particle velocity, the displacement and the stress at any station of the rod, as well as the energy actually transmitted from a hammer to the rod. Particular attention is called for the consequence of inevitable, small errors in strain data upon such identifications. A pertinent procedure of error-correction is proposed and its validity is substantiated against the performance of well instrumented SPTs performed by the authors.

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The correction factor (η_ie) for the ultimate bearing capacity of a footing placed adjacent to a slope, taking into account the combined effect of horizontal and vertical seismic loads, represented by horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients, k_h and k_v, respectively, was derived using a modified Janbu's slice method. The influence of slope angles ‘α’ on the values of ‘η_ie’ are studied here. It was found that the values of η_ie can be expressed as an exponential function of ‘k_h/(1-k_v)’ and ‘α’, with a measurable interdependency between ‘α’ and ‘η_ie’. The influence of ‘α’ on the value of ‘η_ie’ increases as the input value of ‘k_h/(1-k_v)’ increases. Equations derived based on the analytical results are proposed to account for this effect. Based on the analyses of 11 near-fault seismographers obtained in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, a ratio between the vertical and the horizontal seismic coefficients, λ, of between ±0.25 is suggested for including the combined effect of vertical and horizontal seismic forces in evaluating the seismic bearing capacity of footings located in near-fault areas.

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At present, analytical or empirical formula for seismic bearing capacity of footings adjacent to slopes is not available. This study uses a pseudo-static-based approach in conjunction with rigorous Janbu's slice method to derive analytical values of seismic bearing capacity factors (N_γ) and correction factors for the effects of inertia of soil mass and load inclinations for a rigid footing adjacent to cohesionless slopes. It is shown that both the bearing capacity factors (N_γ) and the correction factors for the seismic bearing capacity of footings placed on level ground derived herein are comparable with those reported in the literature. Empirical equations regarding the effects of slope angles and load inclinations, expressed using generalized forms of those proposed in the literature, are also derived. It is also found that the empirical equations derived in the present study provide values of correction factors in good agreements with the analytical ones, indicating the validity of using these empirical equations for assessing the bearing capacity of rigid footings situated on the slope subjected to pseudo-static seismic loading.

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For three monthes since July 1957, the authors have investigated as to peripheral blood picture of healthy adults, (man 55, woman 54) in Toshima village, Tokyo-To and obtained the following results (Figures indicate average values)
1) Number of Erythrocytes were in 424.×10⁴ in male and 411.×10⁴ in female and average figure was 418×10⁴ in total.
2) Number of Leucocytes were about 5235 in male, about 5306 in female and total average 5270. These figures were lower than the standard figure of Japanese.
) Haemoglobin content (by Sahli-Haemochromometer) were .7% in male and 21.5% in female and .6% in total.
4) The results of differeutial count of Leucocyte were as follows.
a) Neutrophil Leucocytes, male 46.5% female 52.1% in total 49.2%.
) Lymphocytes, male 47.% female 42% in total 45.0%
c) As to monocytes, male 2.7% female 2.% in total 2.%
) As to eosinophil leucocytes, male 2.% female 1.7% in total 2.%
) As to basophil leucocytes, male 0.03% female 0.14% in total 0.09%
The authors should pay attention to the lower figure on erythrocytes, leucocytes, and haemogloblin, but they can not tell, without consideration of difference of the life conditions of natives, that these lower figures are significant, therefore they must study further several factors on this matter. As drinking water is rainwater, they have to consider the influence by radioactive materials in future, but at present status they believe it is not necessary to take into consideration the influence of radioactive material from the resultabove mentioned.

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Effects of noise exposure on aural reflex (AR) were investigated. The threshold of AR (ART) was measured in two groups exposed to occupational noise (Group A and ) by the electro-acoustic impedance bridge (Madsen, ZO-72). White noise (WN), and pure tones of 1 and 4 kHz were selected as activating stimuli for AR, and ARTs for these stimuli (ART_WN, ART_1k, ART_4k) were determined respectively. The results were compared with the ARTs in the normal group (Group C) reported by the authors previously. Group A consisted of 31 male workers exposed mainly to steady noise, and Group included 65 male workers exposed maily to impulsive noise. Group C consisted of 50 males and 50 females, who had normal hearing acuity without any history of occupational noise exposure (Fig. 12). Mean age was 37.2 years in Group A, 49. in Group . Mean period of noise exposure was 13. years in Group A, 26.1 in Group . In both groups, the hearing loss was observed in the higher frequency region at 4 and/or kHz, while normal hearing acuity was reserved at 1 kHz (Fig. and 4). Because of no significant difference between Group A and in each of the mean ARTs (Table ), Groups A and were summarized as the exposed group to noise. ARTs for three different stimuli (ART_WN, ART_1k, ART_4k) in the exposed group showed significant differences compared to those in the non-exposed group (Group C); i.. mean ART_WN was 92.0 dB SPL in the exposed group and . in Group C, mean ART_1k was . dB SPL in the exposed group and 96.2 in the non-exposed, mean ART_4k was 102.1 dB SPL in the former and 97.5 in the latter group (Table 5). There was a significant negative correlation between the hearing level at 4 kHz (HL_4k) and the value of [ART_4k-HL_4k] (Fig. 14). The difference between ART_1k and ART_WN, [ART_1k-ART_WN], was significantly reduced in the exposed group; i.. 1. dB in the exposed group and 12.4 in Group C (Table 6). For the purpose of our study, the exposed group was re-classified into another two groups according to their HLs at 4 and kHz; i.. Group (HL(4k+

8

k)/2<25 dB) and Group (HL(4k+

8

k)/2>__=25 dB). The mean values of ARTs and HLs in Groups , and C, which are summarized in Table 7, show two interesting points. First, the significant elevation of ART_WN is observed not only in Group but also in Group with normal hearing acuity. Second. the lowering of ART_1k is observed in Group only. These results indicate that the elevation o ART_WN probably depends upon the exposure history to occupational noise but not upon the hearing loss, and that lowering of ART_1k may be caused by the hearing loss of the subjects in the higher frequency region. These estimations may be supported by the fact that [ART_1k-ART_WN] was .7 dB in group and 0.6 dB in Group (Table ). Since damages of outher hair cells (OHC) in the Corti's organ do not always lead to hearing loss, it is conceivable that the reduction of [ART_1k-ART_WN] is the results of the widening of the critical band width for AR due largely to the damage of OHC caused by the occupational noise exposure. Under this conception, the value of [ART_1k-ART_WN] may be used as a sensitive and objectibe indicator for detecting and evaluating the early stages of noise-induced hearing impairment and individual susceptibility to noise.

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1. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
2. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
a) Musa-Ensete, ) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and c) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
. Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
4. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
5. Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
6. It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
a) the difference in floral morphology
) geographical separateness and
c) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
7. The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.

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The new pyrano-pyrone, (+)--epi--deoxygoniopypyrone (1) and (+)--deoxygoniopypyrone (2) were isolated from a chloroform extract of Goniothalamus tamirensis leaves. Their absolute stereostructures were discussed and confirmed by using infrared (IR), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), one (1) and two-dimensional (2) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, Mosher's method, and comparison with the known compounds leiocapin A (), deoxygoniopypyrone A (4), and (−)--epi--deoxygoniopypyrone (5). At concentrations of 2.67 μM, compounds 1 and 2 significantly increased the growth of osteoblastic MCT-1 cells and caused a significant elevation of collagen content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and nodule mineralization in the cells (p<0.05). Our data suggest that the enhancement of osteoblast function by 1 and 2 may result in the prevention of osteoporosis.

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