Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate perspective-based consciousness scales, which consulted of a self-consciousness scale and another consciousness scale. In Study One, 465 undergraduates completed the questionnaires, and then exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Some hypothetical models were constructed based on results of the exploratory factor analysis and the theoretical hypothesis. Performing confirmatory factor analyses, AIC of each model were compared. Definitive perspective-based consciousness scale was consisted of three subscales classified by perspectives: self-to-self consciousness, other-to-self consciousness, and self-to-other consciousness. Each scale consisted of two subscales classified by observability: internal consciousness and external consciousness. Every item in the model was congruent with the theory of the present study, indicating the scales had the factorial validity. In Study Two, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and convergent validity of these new instruments were also investigated. Seventy-one undergraduates extracted from the participants in Study One completed the questionnaires. The results suggested perspective-based consciousness scales had sufficient reliability and validity. A new theoretical development is expected, looking at self-consciousness and other-consciousness from a new viewpoint.
