Trends in the Prescriptions for Antihypertensive Drugs in Elderly Patients

Abstract

We compared trends in the prescription of antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients with those in middle-aged patients. We analyzed prescriptions given to 141 patients with hypertension who were 65 years old or older (mean age, 73 years) and to 511 patients with hypertension who were 64 years old or younger (mean age, 59 years). The numbers of drugs prescribed did not differ between the elderly and the non-elderly patients. In both groups, about 50% of patients were given prescriptions for one antihypertensive drug, about 40% were given prescriptions for two drugs, and about 10% were given prescriptions for three drugs. Calcium antagonists were the agents most commonly prescribed as monotherapy (51.4% and 56.4% in the non-elderly and elderly respectively; n.s.); followed by β-blockers (32.2% and 25.6%; n.s.). Diuretics were prescribed less often to non-elderly patients than to elderly patients (5.1% and 10.0%; p<0.01). When prescriptions for more than one antihypertensive agent were included in the analysis, calcium antagonists were still the most commonly prescribed agents (63.8% and 66.4%; n.s.), followed by β-blockers (53.3% and 66.4%; p<0.05). Diuretics were less commonly prescribed to non-elderly patients (13.5% and 21.3%; p<0.005), while ACE inhibitors (19.0% and 11.6%; p<0.005) and β-blockers (52.3% and 44.0; p<0.05) were more commonly prescribed to non-elderly patients. When we classified the data according to the time of the first visit, we found that patients whose first visit was earlier were more likely to have been given a prescription for a diuretics, whether they were elderly or non-elderly. Calcium antagonists were the most commonly prescribed agents in all time periods studied, followed by β-blockers. Comparison of our results with those of a similar study done at our clinic in 1990 showed that the use of calcium antagonist monotherapy doubled in both groups (non-elderly: 26.4% in 1990 to 51.4% in 1995, p<0.001; elderly: 29.5% in 1990 to 56.4% in 1995, p<0.001) and that the use of diuretics declined markedly (non-elderly; 20.3% to 5.1%, p<0.001; elderly: 30.2% to 10.0%, p<0.001). A similar trend was seen when prescriptions for more than one antihypertensive drug were included in the analysis.